Materials and methods. This retrospective case-control study enrolled 50 women with severe preeclampsia and 50 control women with spontaneous singleton pregnancy. Median age of women ranged from 20 to 35 years. All women did not have a history of hypertension, autoimmune, metabolic, renal, or cardiac diseases, and preeclampsia before this pregnancy. We have analyzed χ², odds ratio (OR) and its 95% confidence intervals (95% Cl). Results. We found significant association between maternal systemic infectious and severe preeclampsia (OR = 49.6; 95% Cl 13.05-188.64). The risk of severe preeclampsia were significantly lower in patients with local infections of the lower genital tract (OR = 4.5; 95% Cl 1.49-6.71). Asymptomatic bacteriuria is associated with the highest risk of severe preeclampsia (OR = 17.0; 95% Cl 4.66-61.81). Acute gravidarum pyelonephritis showed lower association with severe preeclampsia (OR = 5.4; 95% Cl 1.69-10.54). We did not observe increased risk of severe preeclampsia with acute respiratory infections (OR = 2.0; 95% Cl 0.71-4.69). Acute non-specific bacterial vaginitis and acute candidiasis vulvovaginitis were found to be risk factors of severe preeclampsia (OR = 6.7; 95% Cl 1.90-11.02 and OR = 4.3; 95% Cl 1.45-9.99 respectively). Cytomegalovirus infection (2 %), toxoplasmosis (2 %), Chlamydia trachomatis cervicitis (4 %), acute Trichomonas colpitis (2 %) and bacterial vaginosis (4 %) were found only in patients with severe preeclampsia. Conclusion. Our data support that acute maternal infection is associated with an increased risk of severe preeclampsia in healthy women with singleton pregnancy. Systemic inflammatory response might be the main potential mechanisms related to infections and enhanced development of severe preeclampsia. Further research is required to elucidate the underlying mechanism of this association.

Background. The last decades are devoted to the search for various factors leading to the development of benign breast diseases, which are the risk of breast cancer. In gynecological diseases, the frequency of benign processes in the mammary glands increases to 76-97.8 %. Aims: this research is devoted to the study of the prevalence and structure of breast pathology in women with chronic endometritis and reproductive disorders. Materials and methods. The study included patients with reproductive disorders: 50 patients with histological verification of the diagnosis of chronic endometritis and 50 patients without chronic endometritis. Hormonal examination was carried out using radioimmunoassay and immunoenzymatic methods. Methods of mathematical statistics implemented Statistica 6.1 (USA) were used parametric criteria: Student's t-test and Fisher's F-criterion, the nature of the distribution was estimated using the methods of Kolmogorov - Smirnov with a significance level smaller and equal to 5 % (p < 0.05). To confirm the fact that the observed differences between the products of A x D and B x C are not random, we used the х2 criterion. Results and conclusions. In women with chronic endometritis, the pathology of the mammary glands is characterized by the presence of ectasia of the ducts of the mammary gland; clinically, it is manifested by lactorrhea. Benign dysplasia of mammary glands is accompanied by the presence of hyperestrogenia, hypoprogesteronemia, which is typical for ovarian dysfunction. It is possible to use a pathogenetically reasonable combination correction: anti-inflammatory therapy and the use of gestagens in women with reproductive disorders and chronic endometritis.

Diagnosis of tuberculosis of female genitalia is based on a complex of traditional and new diagnostic methods used in a certain sequence in outpatient and/or inpatient settings. Because of insufficiently effective diagnostic tests, genital tuberculosis is often detected in irreversible anatomical changes, when the prospects for restoring the reproductive function are unsatisfactory. The aim of the work was to identify socio-economic and biomedical risk factors for reproductive disorders associated with genital tuberculosis in order to create statistical models for the prediction and diagnosis of these disorders. To study the connection between the presence of genital tuberculosis and a number of prognostic and diagnostic features, the method of nonlinear regression analysis (logistic regression) was used. Statistical models of prognosis and diagnosis of reproductive disorders associated with genital tuberculosis (HT) in women at the outpatient stage are proposed. The forecast model included clinical and anamnestic predictors: prolonged subfebrile condition, weight loss, increase in inguinal lymph nodes, membership in the social group «female students», contact with tuberculosis patients, tuberculin specimen turnover, presence of pulmonary tuberculosis in the anamnesis. The statistical diagnostic model included the following important methods: enzyme immunoassay, laser fluorescence method, Diaskin-test, hysterosalpingography (segmented fallopian tubes), determination of progesterone, estradiol and testosterone levels in the blood serum (decrease of these hormones).

Genital tuberculosis is an actual socially significant disease associated with tubal peritoneal infertility, as well as hormonal disorders of women of fertile age. Studies of the prevalence of genital tuberculosis among women with infertility in other countries and various ethnic groups have not been found, but ethnic factors must be taken into account when assessing epidemiology, causes, clinical characteristics of the course and outcomes of many diseases. The aim of the work was to establish the clinical and hormonal features of reproductive disorders associated with tuberculosis of the genital organs in women of the two main ethnic groups in the Republic of Buryatia. Hormonal features have been revealed in women with reproductive disorders and genital tuberculosis, which are characterized by a statically significant decrease in the levels of estradiol, progesterone and free testosterone in the blood serum compared to women in whom genital tuberculosis has not been verified. When analyzing ethnic characteristics, it is shown that for women with reproductive disorders associated with genital tuberculosis, a decrease in the level of ovarian hormones in the blood serum is characteristic, and also a higher level of free testosterone and a decrease in free T4 in serum for women in the Buryat ethnogroup with the Russians. Timely detection of a decrease in the level of ovarian hormones in women with reproductive disorders and genital tuberculosis will allow rational and effective correction of hypogonadism.

Geomagnetic storms are one of the natural abiotic risk factors for human health. The response of the organism to their impact depends on the individual adaptive abilities, which were formed during the evolution, but can change in the conditions of pathological processes. Evaluation of the effect of a weak magnetic storm (G4v (22 < Ar < 39 nTl) on hemorheological parameters of blood of pregnant women with placental insufficiency compared to healthy pregnant women showed an increase in platelet count (p = 0.05), fibrinogen content (p = 0.02), thrombocyte (p = 0.03), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (p = 0.004). At the same time, a decrease in the number of red blood cells (p = 0.04), hemoglobin concentration (p = 0.001), hematocrit value (p = 0.0009) was registered. We found a strong direct correlation between subpopulations of platelets, which are characterized by different functional activity. Heterogeneity of platelets, their multidirectional correlations with indicators of blood coagulation system of healthy pregnant women can be considered as a response to the change in the disturbance of the earth's magnetic field. For pregnant women with placental disorders, the magnetic storm was associated with increased activity of the blood coagulation system and a significant increase in its components in the blood of patients. Despite the fact that changes in the blood coagulation system occur from the beginning of pregnancy and are often adaptive, in pregnant women with placental disorders, the additional impact of a weak magnetic storm can be a risk of hemostasis disorders and the development of platelet thrombosis, timely diagnosis and therapy of which is important.

The objective. We aimed to study obstetric and perinatal outcomes in multiple pregnancies, depending on the type of choriality. Materials and methods. We used a retrospective analysis of the birth histories. 174 women with spontaneously occurring multiple pregnancies were involved in the study. There were 50 women with monochorionic placentation and 120 women with a dichorionic type of placentation. We analyzed the course of pregnancy, parturition and perinatal outcomes in these patients. The data were processed using parametric and nonparametric statistics. Results. Mean age of women was comparable and amounted to 28.5 ± 5.4 in women with monochorionic pregnancy and 29.4 ± 5.1 with dichorionic pregnancy. Both groups were comparable in social status, place of residence and parity. The risk of placental disorders (OR 2.9; 95% CI 1.4-5.7), fetal growth retardation (OR 2.4; 95% CI 1.1-5.4), gestational diabetes (Or 4,24; 95% CI 1.5-11.7), premature birth (OR 2.3; 95% CI 1.3-3.9), premature delivery at 34-36 weeks (OR 2.7; 95% CI 1.4-5.3), operative parturitions (OR 3.54; 95% CI 1.4-8.4), discordance of fetuses (OR 3.2; 95% CI 1.5-7.1) were higher in monochorionic multiple pregnancy. Prematurity (ОR 4.6; 95% CI 2.8-7.4) and low weight by gestational age (ОR 2.0; 95% CI 1,1-3.5) were the leading diagnosis in newborns who were born from monochorionic pregnancy. Conclusions. It is necessary to continue researches on this problem and develop guidelines for the management of women with monochorionic and dichorionic forms of placentation.

The problem of morbidity and mortality from cervical cancer is one of the leading in the world medical practice. Many countries began to reconsider the approach to primary screening for cervical cancer after etiological role of human papillomavirus (HPV) in cervical carcinogenesis was determined. Most studies have shown that the identification of HPV DNA has a high prognostic value and can be used both as a co-testing and a primary test. However, the unwillingness of many women to visit a gynecologist due to subjective reasons makes it difficult to implement programs on prevention of cervical cancer. Women associate their unwillingness with the lack of time, discomfort and sickliness, a feeling of shame and confusion, when performing a vaginal examination. To solve this problem, in recent years, self-sampling systems for HPV-testing were devised. Self-sampling systems for HPV-testing are comparable with taking cervical sampler by a doctor; they increase the participation of women in cervical screening. Countries have a reduction in morbidity and mortality from cervical cancer due to the inclusion of the HPV-test in national screening programs. At present, many countries consider the introduction of self-sampling devices for vaginal content for HPV-testing in cervical screening. HPV-self-sampling has the potential to improve participation in screening programs, to reduce socioeconomic barriers to care and to improve the subjective patient experience.

One of the most common forms of violation of the reproductive system of a woman is endometriosis. It is assumed that the genetic predisposition and environmental factors are closely related to the development of endometriosis. However, despite the high prevalence of endometriosis among women of reproductive age, the risk factors or markers for the development of the disease remain largely unknown. The aim of the study was to identify risk factors for external genital endometriosis. Materials and methods. Study design: retrospective case-control. The study included 154 women. Group I included 77 women with histologically verified external genital endometriosis. Group II consisted of 77 women without endometriosis, who underwent endoscopic surgery due to various diseases of the pelvic organs. Results. The results of the study showed that the most significant risk factors for endometriosis are the early onset of menarche (< 11 years), a shortened menstrual cycle with prolonged menstruation, active and passive smoking, the presence of furnace heating and uterine fibroids, a family history of breast cancer. Typical complaints of patients with endometriosis are pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea and dyspareunia. Conclusions. Further studies are needed to study the significance of these factors in the diagnosis of endometriosis and the understanding of its etiology.

Background. Russia has one of the highest levels of alcohol consumption in the world and increasingly hazardous drinking inyoung women. Prenatal alcohol exposure is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes and Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD) in children. Data on women's alcohol consumption and risk for alcohol-exposed pregnancies necessary for developing prevention of FASD in Russia are limited. Aims: to estimate the prevalence of alcohol use and hazardous drinking and risk for alcohol-exposed pregnancies in women of childbearing age. Materials and methods. Women were recruited at public women's clinics in two regions in Russia. Women of childbearing age (n = 648) completed a face-to-face structured interview which assessed alcohol consumption and contraception use. Results. Among non-pregnant women, 89 % reported consuming alcohol and 65 % reported binge drinking in the last three months; 70 % of women in Nizhny Novgorod Region and 44 % in Saint-Petersburg may become pregnant, including 12 % in Nizhny Novgorod Region and 9 % in Saint-Petersburg who were trying to conceive. These women consumed alcohol at similar rates and amounts as women who were not at-risk for pregnancy. Among currently non-pregnant women, 32 % in Saint-Petersburg and 54 % in Nizhny Novgorod Region reported not using contraception consistently and at-risk drinking; therefore, they were at risk for alcohol-exposed pregnancy. After pregnancy identification: 20 % reported continued drinking. Significant differences in drinking and risk for alcohol-exposed pregnancy between women in Saint-Petersburg and Nizhny Novgorod Region were identified. Conclusions. Although the majority of Russian women decrease alcohol consumption after pregnancy identification, high levels of drinking were reported around conceptions and prior to pregnancy identification.

The aim of the study was to identify the opportunities required for straightening of preconceptional health and care, according to medical literature. Benefits and potential risks were mentioned. Some international experiences related to preconceptional care management were analyzed, by making references especially to those from US, including the actions initiated by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). In this article the WHO position is mentioned which develops a global consensus on preconceptional care to reduce maternal and childhood mortality and morbidity, proving a "menu of interventions" which lists the health problems, behavioral problems and risk factors in thirteen domains, evidence-based interventions to address them and mechanisms of delivering them. A special section is dedicated to some controversies in preconceptional care management, priority at the medical primary care. The WHO recommendations and the international experience represent a good support for health care systems from different countries to improve the access to the care before getting pregnant and overcoming inequalities. In this context, authors consider that the improving of preconceptional care in each country depends, first of all, on the wish of governors and health care providers. In conclusion, the hypothesis to review the family planning concept is suggested, considering that it has equally to include two main components - contraception and preconceptional care. It will provide real opportunities for people to achieve their reproductive life plan to have not only wanted, but also healthy children.

The article reviews the literature of domestic and foreign researchers devoted to the somnological aspects of the menopausal period in women. Age-related changes in the structural organization of sleep are shown with a deficiency of sex steroids, also and in the gender aspect. A high frequency of sleep disorders in menopausal women, reaching 60 %, has been revealed. However, the results of studies on complaints of sleep disorders depending on the climacteric phase are ambiguous, which may be due to ethnicity. Data on some pathogenetic mechanisms of the formation of the most frequent sleep disorders in menopausal women - insomnia, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and fibromyalgia - are described. The results of polysomnography in these pathological states are presented, indicating a decrease in sleep efficiency, a change in its "architecture", and a longer waking time during the night with insomnia; a significant increase in the apnea/hypopnea index, a delay in the phase of fast sleep, a decrease in the duration of deep stages of sleep and a decrease in its effectiveness - in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. The social and medical consequences of sleep disorders and their comorbidity with such pathological conditions as mental disorders, obesity, cardiovascular diseases, oncology, disorders of carbohydrate metabolism, bronchial asthma, mortality are noted.

Studies of recent decades have proved the effect on the human body a number of physical factors that are caused by the influence of solar corpuscular streams that change the state of the magnetosphere. The least studied problem is the influence of heliogeophysical factors and solar activity on different periods of organism development, from conception to birth. There is no data on the influence of magnetic storms on spontaneous labor, which was the purpose of this study. Solar activity indicators are presented by the Space Weather Prediction Center (SWPC) of the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA: www.swpc.noaa.gov). The results of correlation analysis between spontaneous labor activity of 306 pregnant women in the period of 1.01-08.02.2013 depending on solar activity (Wolf numbers), radio emission flux at the wavelength of 10.7 cm and planetary index (Ap-index) characterizing the physical state of the Earth's magneticfield are analyzed. Reliable correlation between the number of urgent delivery and the flow of radio emission at a wavelength of 10.7 cm and the Wolf numbers was not found. Increase in the activity of spontaneous labor by 2.3 times (r = 0.43; p < 0.05) was recorded three days after the magnetic storm (Ap-index = 21nTl) compared to days calm in geomagnetic terms. The data showed a significant role of dynamics of external factors in the onset of labor.

The article presents the review of scientific sources devoted to the functional state of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant protection (LPO-AOD), which provides redox homeostasis and determines the body's resistance to adverse influences. The main functions of the LPO are the regulation of renewal, decay of unsaturated structural lipids, lipid permeability of biological membranes. A constantly flowing physiological process has a chain free radical mechanism, the substrates of which are polyunsaturated fatty acids and the main lipids of the blood plasma - cholesterol and triglycerides. Disturbance of the POL-AOD balance leads to oxidative stress, which is an importantfactor in the disruption of cell function and, therefore, the emergence of pathological processes. For many years, researchers around the world have been paying close attention to the study of the etiology and pathogenesis of diseases such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), the causes of which are diverse. This common form of endocrine pathology affects up to 20 % of women of reproductive age and is directly related to metabolic disorders (dyslipidemia, hyperinsulinism, insulin resistance, glucose tolerance). This leads to the development of hypertension, abdominal-visceral obesity, early atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease. Serious consequences can also be metabolic dysfunction, ovulatory infertility, premature birth, perinatal mortality, cancer, etc. Currently there are several studies showing the relationship of processes of LPO-AOD and neuroendocrine regulation. However, there is no comprehensive assessment of the functional relationship between sex hormones and the system of LPO-AOD in women with PCOS, which causes even greater interest for the study.

Background. The hormonal alteration in menopause can lead to changes in the lipid metabolism parameters. The results of studies on this issue are ambiguous and suggest ethno-specific changes in the lipid profile. Aim: comparative assessment of lipid metabolism parameters in women of Caucasian and Asian races in peri- and postmenopause. Materials and methods. 146 women of Caucasian (ethnic group - Russian (n = 82)) and Asian (ethnic group - Buryats (n = 64)) races participated as volunteers in the prospective non-randomized study for the period 2012-2016. Each ethnic group was divided into three subgroups - women of reproductive age, women in perimenopause, and in postmenopause, according to the gynecological status. The lipid metabolism parameters were determined by the enzymatic method on a biochemical analyzer BTS-330. When analyzing the intergroup differences for independent samples, nonparametric criteria were used. Results. In Russian perimenopausal women, compared with women of reproductive age, we registered an increase in triglycerol levels by 1.90 times (p < 0.05) and cholesterol of very low density lipoproteins by 2.10 times (p < 0.05), followed by an increase of total cholesterol levels by 1.22 times (p < 0.05) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol by 1.40 times (p < 0.05) in postmenopausal period. In representatives of the Buryat ethnos, the changes in the lipid metabolism parameters were detected only in postmenopause, they consisted in increased total cholesterol levels - by 1.31 times (p < 0.05) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol - by 1.45 times (p < 0.05). Conclusions. Changes in the lipid profile in menopause are more pronounced in representatives of the Russian ethnic group.

Scientific Centre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems (ul. Timiryazeva 16, Irkutsk 664003, Russian Federation) Problems of pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of obesity are actively discussed. The annual increase in the incidence requires improved approaches to prevention, diagnosis, and drug-free treatment of this pathological condition. Modern estimates of obesity ignore modern concepts of the heterogeneity of the disease, the role of visceral fat depots, metabolic phenotypes, and the individual cardiometabolic risk in a patient is not fully assessed. The prevalence of obesity is increasing among Asian adults due to rapid economic development and lifestyle. Obesity significantly elevates the risk of CVD (cardiovascular disease), diabetes, insulin resistance and other metabolic disorders. BMI is a widely used anthropometric index for measuring body fatness in clinical practice and epidemiological studies; Asian people are more likely to have a higher percentage of body fat at lower BMI and WC than Europeans, a number of researches were to determine the associations of BM1, waist circumference (WC) and waist-height ratio (WHtR) with CVD risk factors and to evaluate the optimal cut-offvalues to define overweight or obesity in Asian adults. In this review the major pathological factors connected to obesity are generalized. It has not been established which specific measures of obesity might be most appropriate for predicting CVD risk in Asians.

The European community of gastroenterologists in 1997 recognized GERB as "illness of the 21st century". Diseases of a respiratory tract take the leading place among all extra esophageal implications of a gastroesophageal reflux disease. Among them bronchial asthma and a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are the most widespread. The study of the features of the current and modern methods of diagnosing bronchial asthma, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease is of great importance for identifying potential obstacles to effective treatment and preventing an increase in the risk of hospitalizations of patients with this co-morbid pathology. The morbidity of the pathology of the respiratory tract, combined with gastroesophageal reflux disease, is steadily growing. There is a large number of publications concerning the relationship between gastroesophageal reflux disease and diseases of the bronchopulmonary system, but the etiopathogenesis and the cause-and-effect relationship of these diseases remain in question. 1t is interesting to note that the syndrome of obstructive sleep apnea is not included in the list of extra-oesophageal manifestations, both probably and reliably associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease (according to the Montreal Consensus, 2006), but is of great interest to researchers in recent years.

Background. The relevance of the search for genetic markers of essential hypertension (EH), is beyond doubt. The importance of research of dopaminergic system genes consists primarily of pleiotropic effects of dopamine on different systems and functions of the body. The aim of this study was to identify the association of polymorphism -141C 1/D D2-dopaminergic receptor (DRD2) with parameters of psycho-vegetative status and cardiovascular system indicators in adolescents with EH. Methods. We carried out an investigation of 14-17-year old (15.92 ± 1.12) Caucasian male patients with EH (n = 110) in clinic of Scientific Centre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems. Psychological testing, clinoorthostatic test, ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM), and genotyping have been carried. Results. 11-genotype is associated with higher «hypomania» personality traits (scale 9 of Mini-SMIL was 4.2 (4-5) in carriers of the 11-genotype and 4.0 (3-4) in 1D and DD-genotype carriers, p = 0.024), asthenosympathicotonic variant of autonomic support and pressure load (ejection fraction in carriers of the 11-genotype was 71.47 ± 5.98 % and 68.44 ± 6.01 % in 1D and DD-genotype carriers, p = 0.044, time of systolic blood pressure hypertension in carriers of the 11-genotype - 35.50 (20.5-51.5) and 18.30 (6.5-32) - in 1D and DD-genotype carriers, p = 0.010, the time of diastolic blood pressure hypertension in 11-genotype carriers was 13 (7.85-26.5) and 2 (0.9-11) - in 1D and DD-genotype carriers, p = 0,002). Conclusion. -141C I/D DRD2 polymorphism is associated with disorders of important indicators of psycho-vegetative status and cardiovascular system, including circadian organization of blood pressure, which allows considering it as a marker of early development of EH in adolescents.

Background: Among the subjects of the Russian Federation, Irkutsk region is an area with an unfavorable epidemiological situation for HIV-infection. Women living with HIV in Russia and visiting AIDS-centers represent a socially and economically active part of the population are at a young reproductive age and plan to have children. Aims: to study the state of the neuroendocrine system and the ovarian reserve in HIV-infected women with reproductive disorders. Materials and methods. We examined in 17 HIV-infected women with reproductive disorders and 33 women with HIV-infection and reproductive health at the age of 18-45 years (mean age 31,1 ± 4,4 years). The determination of hormone levels was carried out by a competitive solid-phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results. The obtained results testify to neuroendocrine disorders in the form of a decrease in the level of total testosterone, 17-OH progesterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, as a manifestation of androgen deficiency of the body, as a result of ovarian dysfunction. Decrease in the level of Anti-Mullerian Hormone and increase the content of follicle-stimulating hormone, as a manifestation of the beginning of early menopause or a factor leading to infertility. Conclusions. The results of this study show that a woman's body on the background of HIV-infection reveals disorders of the neuroendocrine system dysfunction and decreased ovarian ovarian reserve, and as a result, reproductive disorders.

Background. Genetic factors cause 30-50 % of cases of male infertility different forms. We have conducted the investigation of the lipid peroxidation and antioxidant protection system components, associated with the biotransformation genes polymorphisms, in men with infertility. Aims: to study parameters of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defense system associated with polymorphisms of biotransformation genes in infertile Mongoloid men. Materials and methods. The main group included 143 men of reproductive age from Mongoloid population who came to the Public Health Institution "Republican Perinatal Center" in Ulan-Ude with the problem of one year and more infertility after the marriage. Fifty-three almost healthy males with proven fertility were included in the control group. Blood samples of all men were genotyped by glutathione S-transferase (GSTP1, GSTM1, GSTT1) gene family and activity of glutathione system enzymes was determined. Results. In the fertile Mongoloids with non-functional genotype GSTT1(0/0)/GSTM1(0/0) we have established an increase concentration of a-tocopherol in serum, activity of glutathione peroxidase and a decrease in glutathione-S-transferase, as well as a decrease in the concentration of a-tocopherol. In infertile Mongoloids with non-functional GSTT1(0/0)/ GSTM1 (0/0) genotypes, an increase in the tiobarbituric acid reactants, glutathione peroxidase and a decrease in the concentration of a-tocopherol was found in the ejaculate; we also detected a decrease in the concentration of a-tocopherol, the level of oxidized glutathione and glutathione-s-transferase activity. Conclusions. Genetically determined peculiarities of functioning of the xenobiotic biotransformation system make each individual unique with regard to their adaptive capacity - resistance or sensibility to the damaging exo- and endogenous factors.

Numerous studies have shown the role of human papillomavirus (HPV) in the generation of cervical cancer. The review presents Russian researching data aboutfrequency of the HPV in different regions of the Russian Federation. The regional feature in the frequency of the HPV is observed. The average population frequency of the HPV varies from 13 to 63 % in different region. The frequency of the HPV reaches 82 % in groups of patients with dysplasia of the 3rd degree and cervical cancer. The most oncogenic type 16 the HPV is the most common virus among other papillomavirus in the most Russian regions that corresponds to the global data. This type of virus is the most common in both groups of women and men. Type 16 of HPV with high frequency is detected in different age groups, and among clinically healthy patients and in groups of patients with various gynecological pathologies. Modern methods of molecular diagnostics, in particular, the PCR method, allow to detect and genotype the HPV with high sensitivity and specificity, and to determine the viral load. The PCR method in screening programs can identify risk groups of the urogenital pathology in examined women.

Background. Polycystic ovary syndrome is the most common endocrine disease in women, affecting various aspects of health. The results of several studies indicate an increased prevalence of hyperplasia or endometrial cancer in women with PCOS, but there are no clinical recommendations on the need for assessing the endometrial condition in PCOS and approaches to predictions. Aim: to determine the frequency and structure of endometrial pathology among reproductive-aged patients with PCOS. Materials and methods. In a cross-sectional survey, we examined 1200 women who are subject to annual preventive examination. The research period was May - December 2017. The diagnosis of PCOS was made according to the consensus criteria adopted in May 2003 in Rotterdam. Participants signed informed consent for the survey. Results. We found 102 women with a verified diagnosis of PCOS. 56 of them completed their participation in the study; the median age was 32.19 ± 5.67 years. All patients underwent a biopsy of the endometrium with immunohistochemical examination. Features of the structure of the endometrium: a normal endometrial characteristic in 24 women (42.9 %), chronic endometritis -18 specimens (58.1 %), abnormal hypoplastic endometrium - 6 (19.4 %), simple endometrial hyperplasia -1 (3.2 %) adenocarcinoma -1 (3.2 %), proliferative endometrium with disorders - 7(22.6 %). Conclusions. In the examined women with PCOS there was a high incidence of histologically confirmed endometrial pathology, in the structure of which chronic endometritis predominates. The foregoing necessitates new research and development of clinical protocols for the timely detection of endometrial pathology in PCOS.

Background. Despite the known trigger and identified risk factors, the screening program developed, many aspects of the pathogenesis of cervical cancer are still being studied. In particular, recently in the literature there are data on the participation of short-chain fatty acids in the tumor process. The aim of the study was to perform a correlation analysis of the level of TNF-A., its soluble sTNF-RI receptor, the spectrum of SCFA and some biological parameters (apoptosis, necrosis, proliferation, cell cycle) in the exocervical cells during dys- and neoplastic transformation. Materials and methods: the laboratory data obtained by us earlier were used to perform the Spearman correlation analysis. The groups of research: IA - the focus of the pre-tumor lesion of exocervix; IB - paradysplastic cells; IIA - locus of cervical cancer; IIB - paraneoplastic cells. Results. The correlation relationships between the parameters studied were multidirectional, determined by the state of the cell (healthy, dysplastic, malignant) and varied within one study, depending on the location in relation to the pathological focus. Conclusions. The revealed interrelations are important for expanding the already available information on cervical carcinogenesis, for discovery of new diagnostic methods and treatment of cervical neoplasia. Summarizing, it is possible to judge the presence of pathogenetic relationships between the processes of cervical carcinogenesis (proliferation, apoptosis, necrosis, modulation of the phases of the cell cycle), the level of short-chain fatty acids and cytokine production at the local level.

The article observes the study results of knowledge, attitudes and alcohol behavior in pregnant women within fetal alcohol prevention program in childbearing age women. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study is Health Belie/Model and the method of dual-focused brie/ intervention. The study was conducted on the basis of the psychology department ofSaint Petersburg State University. Data were collected in 10 women's consultation clinics ofSaint Petersburg. The sample included 280 women of childbearing age. Methods of psychological research are presented by materials developed by the «FAS research team» according to the study goals. The results showed that the developed preventive program and its components (brief intervention and passive information] achieve their main goal, program implementation reduces or stops the use of alcohol by pregnant women, in other words, it virtually eliminates the risk of developing FAS and FASD in a future child. This program was carried out as a part of the project supported by grant R01AA016234 «Prevention of FASD in Russian Children», principal investigator: Tatiana N. Balachova, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (USA), from the NIH / National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism and Fogarty International Center.

The aim of the research was studying of identity peculiarities of the women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). The authors give a brief review of approaches to the problem in Russian and foreign science. We used the following methods: SEl-test by Soldatova, Life-line by Kronic and Twenty Statements Test by Kuhn&McPartland with the authors' system of processing on the sample of 100 women of reproductive age (50 - with PCOS in accordance with Rotterdam consensus on PCOS and 50 - without PCOS). We have received the following data. The women with PCOS demonstrated a better formed ego-identity (t = 2.32, p < 0.02) and fewer features of identity crisis (t = 2.15, p < 0.03) than their peers from the group of the women without PCOS. They demonstrate more responsibility for their choices and they have better understanding of their emotions and better control over them. Moreover, the women with PCOS have lower tendency to use gender categories (z = 4.32, p < 0.01), family sphere categories (z = 2.7, p < 0.01) and pay more attention to the spheres connected with social identity (carrier, self-development etc.) when self-describing. The data obtained well correlated with the ones obtained earlier, the fact that women with PCOS are more motivated for overcoming stressful situations and the fact that all changes in life, both positive and negative, favor their development.

The presented article reveals the acute problem of the presence of stigmatization of HIV-infected patients by medical workers. HIV is a socially significant infection and it adversely affects all areas of an infected person's life. Therefore, combating its spread requires an interdisciplinary approach. At this stage in the history of the disease in question, the level of development of medicine allows HIV-positive people to live without the effect of an ailment on their physical health. The main difficulty now is the prevalence of prejudices about people living with HIV. These errors lead to the development of fear, avoidance and isolation of such people. As a result, HIV-positive people often encounter discrimination, which leads to the development of a sense of shame, self-infliction and a general depressive mood. Thus, the foregoing can lead to the development of indifference, both to oneself and to the possibility of infecting other people, which impedes the prevention of the spread of HIV/AlDS. By 2017, the basic prerequisites for the disappearance of stigma in the form of new bills, government decrees, the work of AIDS centers were created. In our opinion, the most noticeable changes should appear in the environment of medical workers who simply need to own such information. Having studied this problem, it will be possible to evaluate the effectiveness of the work done and outline further ways to combat the stigmatization of people living with HlV, not only in the professional environment of medical workers, but also among the general population.

The article presents the results of research the aim of which was describing of the peculiarities of oral cavity and its subjective estimation by women with PCOS. On the sample of 50 subjects with PCOS (diagnosed in accordance with Rotterdam consensus] we used the following: oral cavity examination: Gingeval Index, CPITN calculations and WHO questionnaires on oral cavity health for adults. As a result of oral cavity examination we have not found any serious pathology, but 20 % of patients demonstrated gingival bleeding. At the same time, the self-estimation of oral cavity conditions by women with PCOS was "satisfactory" in 34 %, "good" - in 44 % and "excellent" in 22 %. The indices recommended by WHO for estimation of oral cavity conditions (CPITN and GI] were generally within the normal ranges and characterized oral cavity status of the women with PCOS as good. However, in PCOS patients with high degree of gum bleeding the CPITN and GI indexes were increased, and these patients reported that they visited а dentist more frequently. Changes in the condition of the oral cavity in PCOS were not associated with any specific behavior of women in the care of teeth and oral cavity. The authors suggest that additional investigation of microbiome should be done for further more comprehensive analysis of oral cavity

Single-center randomized controlled partially blinded research aimed at the determination of functional results of surgical treatment of patients with Achilles tendon injury of different Myerson stages was carried out in the clinic of Irkutsk Scientific Centre of Surgery and Traumatology. Based on the analysis of surgical treatment of 20 patients with Achilles tendon divided into two groups (with Myerson stage 11 and stage 111 diastasis) we showed the effectiveness of surgical treatment using plantar muscle flexor tendon. We assessed the following criteria: 1) time from the moment of injury, diastasis length, duration of surgery; 2) pain syndrome after the surgery, omission of additional mobility aids and equipment; 3) AOFAS functional results. While the analysis we found statistically significant differences in studied groups by the criteria "time from the moment of injury" and "diastasis length". As the result of the research we found statistically significant differences by "duration of surgery» criterion. In consequence of using plantar muscle flexor tendon as a stabilizing factor at the restoration of Achilles tendon we didn't register the differences between the groups by the level and duration of pain syndrome after the surgery, terms of the omission of additional mobility aids and equipment after the surgery and also in AOFAS functional results.

Aim. To study the mineral composition of the aerial organs of Patrinia scabiosifolia Fisch. ex Link. Materials and methods. Objects of research - leaves and flowers of Patrinia scabiosifolia Fisch. The multi-element analysis was performed on an 1CP-MS quadrupole Agilent 7500ce mass spectrometer using a micro-flow nebulizer and a sample introduction system. As external standards, a sample of Baikal water and multicell standard solutions 1CP-MS-68A-A and 1CP-MS-68A-B were used. The analysis was made of the results of quantitative content of mineral components of at least 100 pg/kg and a relative error of determination of not more than 5 %. Results. As a result of the study, the content of 8 macro- and 64 micro- and ultra-microelements was determined in the samples of leaves and flowers of Patrinia scabiosifolia. Of these, 13 elements are classified as essential and conditionally essential - Cu, Fe, 1, Co, C.R., M.N., Mo, S.E., Zn, A.L., B., V., Co, Si. The magnesium content in the test samples is close to the content of this element in Valeriana officinalis. Conclusion. The composition and content of the chemical elements in the flowers and leaves of Patrinia scabiosifolia, which grows on the territory of Eastern Siberia, has been studied. The similarity of the mineral composition of the samples studied and the row of Valeriana officinalis is similar.

Background. Animal models for adhesions induction are heterogeneous and often poorly described. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of surgical trauma with the use of meshes and sutures on postoperative peritoneal adhesions. Methods. In this article we compare and discuss different models for inducing peritoneal adhesions and estimation of the adhesions after surgical trauma and foreign body in a randomized, experimental in vivo animal study with 60 Wistar rats. Animals were divided into four groups because we used four different standardized surgical techniques for peritoneal trauma: brushing of peritoneal sidewall only (Group 1), scarification of the parietal peritoneum and serosa of the cecum (Group 2), brushing as in the previous group and suturing peritoneal sidewall with Prolen (Group 3), brushing as in the second group and mesh were fixated on the peritoneal wall (Group 4). Results. Upon second look, there were significant differences in the adhesion incidence between the groups (p = 0.008). Analysis showed that parameters of adhesion process in Group 3 (86 %) and 4 (86 %) were significantly higher than in Group 2 (60 %) (p = 0.018, p = 0.004). There was no difference between Group 3 and Group 4 (p = 0.40). Conclusions. The presence of synthetic polymeric material in the abdominal cavity increases the prevalence and severity of the postoperative adhesion process of the peritoneum.

Cellular scaffolds based on porous biomaterials play an important role in the engineering of various tissues. Our porous-permeable cellular TiNi-based alloy scaffolds combine the advantages of metal structures, hardness, wear resistance and elasticity similar to that of human tissues. The aim of the research was the study on the change in the surface layer of samples from TiNi-based alloy and on the biotesting of modified samples with the 3H3 fibroblast line. Materials and methods: The biocompatibility of several samples of TiNi-based alloy scaffolds with an average pore size of 83,150,365 μm with modified (acid treatment) surface with 3H3 fibroblast line. Results. The porous-permeable cellular TiNi-based alloy scaffolds (average pore size = 150 μm) modified by treatment with solution of concentrated acids exhibited the highest biocompatibility with a fibroblast culture. It was shown that hemolysis of TiNi-based alloy samples, which are intact and treated with solution of concentrated acids, does not exceed 2 %. Direct cultivation of modified samples with fibroblast line in the cytotoxic test showed low cytotoxicity of the tested cells. The studies carried out using a scanning microscope showed that mesenchymal cells of bone marrow are attached in sufficient quantities to the microporous surface of the modified samples, which allows them to grow and proliferate in the pore space of TiNi-based alloy scaffolds and to cultivate tissue in vitro. Conclusion. Samples of scaffolds manufactured by the SHS-method and modified by treatment with concentrated solution of acids are technological and perspective biomaterial for their use as implantable clinically useful scaffolds.

The aim of the research was to study of the therapeutic efficacy of combined transplantation of liver cells and mesenchymal stem cells of bone marrow (MSC) on TiNi-based alloy scaffolds of rats with chronic hepatitis. Materials and methods: Three groups of experiments were carried out on Wistar rats and intact rats (control) - I group; in the II group - chronic hepatitis; III group - cell-engineering designs with liver cells; in the IV group - cell-engineering designs with liver cells and BM MMSC. The activity of recovery processes was evaluated by using biochemical methods in dynamics on 10, 20, 30th days. Results. The optimal ratio of liver cells to MSC (5:1) was previously found in TiNi-based alloy scaffolds after transplantation and through co-cultivation of hepatocytes and MSC at different ratios. It was shown that recovery processes in the group with scaffolds transplanted into damaged livers were much more active if compared with those in the control group with chronic hepatitis. At the same time, in the group with combined transplantation on TiNi-based alloy scaffolds contributed to a more rapid normalization of liver enzyme indices compared with the group with transplantation of some hepatocytes on scaffolds. These data are confirmed by an increase in the life span of animals with combined hepatocytes and MSC transplantation on TiNi-based alloy scaffolds. Conclusions. A higher level and prolonged periods of liver regeneration during the transplantation of TiNi-based alloy scaffolds are due to the creation of biologically appropriate conditions for cells with certain ratio.

Introduction. Iatrogenic panhypopituitarism requires specific approaches to infertility treatment, prenatal care and childbearing. Aim: to show difficulties and peculiarities of infertility treatment of a patient with iatrogenic panhypopituitarism. Methods and materials. We present a clinical case of an infertile patient with panhypopituitarism followed the operation for a chromophobe pituitary adenoma. Results. The 31-year old infertile patient was operated at the age of 21 for pituitary adenoma, the surgery was followed by the hormone replacement therapy. At examination: Anti-Mullerian hormone - 0,28 ng/mL., uterine hypoplasia by ultrasound, hysterosalpingography showed that fallopian tubes were passable, normospermia. Three ovulation stimulations were performed: the first one - Menopur®, the "step up" protocol (after 44-day period one dominant follicle developed); the second - Menopur® "step up" (after 26-day period 4 follicles developed), both times - biochemical pregnancy; the third stimulation - 20 days using Gonal-F® 150 ME and Pregnyl 70 M.E., 4 follicles developed, childbirth went after pregnancy. During the stimulation, growth hormone, cortisol and low molecular weight heparin were added, with the extension of the growth hormone administration to the 36th week of gestation. Conclusion. Patients with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism are a population in which ovulation stimulation leads to folliculogenesis in 80 % of cases. The following questions remain debatable: Is the corresponding function achieved when solving the problem of uterine hypoplasia? Should we add growth hormone and for how long? How to evaluate the follicular reserve, and is Anti-Mullerian hormone accurate in such patients? What is the best compensation for luteinizing hormone activity? Is human chorionic gonadotropin the key to pregnancy?