Возможности применения аминокислот с разветвлёнными боковыми цепями (BCAA) для лечения и профилактики саркопении у пациентов пожилого и старческого возраста (обзор литературы)

В связи с высокой распространённостью саркопении среди пациентов пожилого и старческого возраста актуальными являются ранняя своевременная профилактика и лечение саркопении и её осложнений. Для сохранения мышечной силы и массы при старении могут применяться пищевые добавки белков. Представляет научный интерес возможность применения аминокислот с разветвлённой цепью (BCAA, branched-chain amino acids) в лечении и профилактике саркопении у гериатрических пациентов. BCAA способствуют синтезу и замедляют деградацию белков мышечной ткани, участвуют в процессах регуляции чувствительности тканей к инсулину, утилизации аммиака, цикле трикарбоновых кислот и т. д.
Стратегия поиска. Поиск научных статей для обзора литературы производился в базах «PubMed» и «PubMed Central». Критерием выбора являлись научные статьи, опубликованные в период до декабря 2022 г. включительно. Ключевые слова для поиска: «branched-chain amino acids», «BCAA», «body composition», «sarcopenia», «aging». В список статей был включён Консенсус Европейской рабочей группы по саркопении второго пересмотра (European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2, EWGSOP2) 2019 г.
Выводы. Возможность применения BCAA у пожилых и старых пациентов для профилактики и лечения саркопении является актуальной темой, которая продолжает активно изучаться. Эффективность добавок BCAA в рацион питания является спорной при условии ежедневного потребления достаточного количества белка. С другой стороны, добавление BCAA может быть оправдано в тех случаях, когда невозможно потреблять достаточное количество высококачественного белка с пищей. Необходимы дополнительные исследования по этой теме.

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