Introduction. Stratification of anthropometric indices to identify metabolically unhealthy phenotype in Mongoloid adolescents with different weight status carried out.

The aim. To identify anthropometric parameters that differentiate between metabolically healthy phenotype (MHP) and metabolically unhealthy phenotype (MUHP) in adolescent northern mongoloid populations.

Materials and methods. A single-center cross-sectional study conducted in 02.2015–10.2016 in the territory of the Republic of Buryatia and Irkutsk region: anthropometric examination and determination of blood glycemia level, lipidogram analysis, calipometry and measurement of girth parameters. In total 227 children were selected for the study: 137 boys and 90 girls.

Results. All adolescents with metabolically unhealthy phenotype had abnormal HDL levels. Comparison of anthropometric parameters and indices in samples of boys with metabolicdisordersshowedstatisticallysignifi antdiff encesinWC,HC,WC/HC,subcutaneous fat thickness in all measured locations and roundness index in overweight boys. Comparative analysis of anthropometric parameters and indices in girls of the studied groups did not reveal statistically signifi ant diff ences between girls with MHP and MUHP. The most informative parameters of metabolically unhealthy phenotype in Asian boys are visceral obesity index (AUC = 0.92), SDS BMI (AUC = 0.73), abdominal subcutaneous fat thickness (AUC = 0.73) and on the anterior surface of the upper arm (AUC = 0.74). The optimal SDS BMI cutoff value for predicting metabolic disorders is 2.29 c.u; abdominal subcutaneous fat thickness more than 3.5 cm and on the anterior surface of the upper arm more than 1.0 cm Northern Mongoloid girls had the largest areas under the curve for visceral obesity index (AUC = 0.84), hip circumference (AUC = 0.7) and taper index (AUC = 0.7).

Conclusion. Visceral adiposity index in adolescents of both sexes is the most informative indicator of metabolic abnormalities. For North Asian boys SDS BMI is a good indicator for verification of metabolically unhealthy phenotype. For girls, hip circumference and taper index can used to screen metabolically unhealthy phenotype.

In recent decades, fundamental discoveries in biology and medicine have allowed for a new look at the main pathophysiological mechanisms of systemic inflammation formation in many pathological conditions, both infectious and non-infectious etiology. The TLRs family acts as a bridge linking innate and acquired immunity, mediates the initial innate immune responses, and is necessary for the development of an adaptive immune response.

The aim. To draw the attention of specialists to the role of TLR heterodimers in the development of infl           and to show that it can become new targets in drug development.

Materialsandmethods. Writingthereview, domesticandforeignliteratureofthe Google, PubMed and eLibrary systems (1998-2024) was analyzed.

The results and discussion. TLRs recognize a wide range of different related ligands with their extracellular leucine-rich repeating domains (LRRs), triggering signal transmission inside the target cell through sequential activation of cytoplasmic adapter molecules, kinases, and nuclear transcription factor. The literature data on TLRs heterodimers, which include TLR1, TLR2, TLR4, TLR6, and TLR10, are presented. The formation and composition of heterodimers are determined by the structure of the pathogen. Functionally, heterodimers provide an optimal cell response, including the synthesis of effector molecules: proand anti-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and inflammatory mediators. Co-receptors, in particular CD14 / CD36, are involved in binding TLR heterodimers to a specific ligand.

Conclusion. An analysis of the literature data had shown the important role of TLR heterodimers and the signaling pathways activated by them in the pathogenesis of many diseases. Understanding these molecular mechanisms could contribute to the development of a more effective treatment strategy. Of particular interest is the creation of new targeted drugs that affect the Toll-receptor system, which is a new direction in the treatment of allergies, autoimmune pathology, and chronic inflammation.

Background. Terahertz radiation (THz), which occupies the frequency range from 0.1 to 10 THz, has been a topic of limited research for a long time due to the difficulty in creating sources and detecting it. Recent advancements in semiconductor and nanotechnology, however, have led to the development of THz technologies in areas such as communications, medicine, and safety. Nevertheless, there are concerns about the potential health and environmental effects of these technologies.

The aim. Summarize the current state of research in the fi of cellular eff ts arising from exposure to THz. Special attention is paid to the use of offi e technologies, in particular metabolomics, proteomics, transcriptomics to study the eff ts of THz on living systems. The review also aims to analyze key patterns of biological eff ts caused by THz and assess the prospects for further research and application of THz in biomedical and biotechnological direction and also features of the experiment organization by research infl   e of THz. To write the review, a search for scientifi publications was carried out using PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, IEEE Xplore sources for the period from 2000 to 2024.

Discussion. THz studies have shown non-thermal effects on cells, including genotoxicity and changes in gene expression. However, the results vary depending on the study conditions and cell types used. Most of the research has been conducted in vitro on various cell lines, and the effects depend on radiation parameters such as wavelength and intensity. For epithelial cells and fibroblasts, the cytotoxicity is generally low at 1 THz, although genotoxic effects cannot be ruled out. THz has also been shown to reduce DNA methylation in tumor cells, which could be useful for diagnosis. Omics technologies are helping to study the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects, but standardizing methods is crucial to accurately differentiate between thermal and non-thermal mechanisms.

Conclusion. The review emphasizes the importance of THz research and its impact on living systems. However, the available data is limited and dispersed. To comprehend the mechanisms of non-thermal effects, further detailed experimental investigations are required, including metabolomics approaches for analyzing biochemical responses to THz radiation.

Background. Prenatal alcohol exposure is associated with adverse health effects on the developing fetus. Phosphatidylethanol (PEth) are specific direct biomarkers of alcohol that can be detected in human blood.

The aim. To carry out a comparative assessment of the informative value of quantitative determination of phosphatidylethanol homologues 16:0/16:0, 18:1/18:1, 16:0/18:1 in the blood plasma of pregnant women at different gestation periods.

Materials and methods. The longitudinal cohort study involved 126 pregnant women. Direct biomarkers of alcohol PEth were quantified in blood plasma at different gestation periods 16:0/16:0, 18:1/18:1, 16:0/18:1 by the LCMS method. Depending on the concentration of 16:0/18:1PEth, groups of women who consume different doses of alcohol were identified: 1st – PEth 8 ng/ml (non-drinkers), 2nd – PEth from 8 to 45 ng/ ml (drinkers of less than 1 dose), 3rd – PEth from 45 to 127 ng/ml (drinkers of more than 1 dose), 4th – PEth > 127 ng/ml (drinkers of significantly more than 1 dose).

Results.Signifi antdiff encesinPEthconcentrationswererevealeddependingonthegestation period for the 18:1/18:1 marker (χ2 = 19.296; d.f. = 3; p = 0.001). At the fourth visit, which corresponds to 38-40 weeks of gestation, the PEth concentration of 18:1/18:1 was signifi antly lower than at the fi (T = 3.54; p = 0.0004), second (T = 2.06; p = 0.0395) and third visits (T = 2.21; p = 0.0269). The presence of only three high positive correlations is shown: between PEth markers 16:0/16:0 and 16:0/18:1 in the 1st group of women on the fi visit (ρ = 0.71) and in the 3rd group on the fourth visit (ρ = 0.72); between the PEth markers 18:1/18:1 and 16:0/18:1P in the 3rd group on the fi visit (ρ = 0.79). It was found that the range of PEth biomarker levels is 16:0/16:0 and 18:1/18:1 vary widely and overlap, there are no patterns in identifying maximum values depending on the dose of alcohol consumed, and there are no clearly traceable, unidirectional correlations in the concentrations of the three studied metabolites.

Conclusion. Determination of the concentration of markers  PEth  16:0/16:0 and 18:1/18:1 in blood cannot be used to establish the fact of alcohol intake. While determining the concentration of the 16:0/18:1 PEth marker allows you to establish the fact and dose of alcohol consumed, which makes its use a universal screening tool.

The review presents data from systematic reviews and metaanalyses addressing the issue of the eff ts of endocrine chemical disraptors (ECDs) on women’s reproductive health. ECDs are defi  as exogenous chemicals or combinations of chemicals that aff t any aspect of hormone action and cause adverse health eff ts to the intact organism and/or its off        as a result of changes in endocrine function. Currently, the mechanisms of adverse eff ts of many ECDs have been disclosed. It is suggested that ECDs can act as steroid agonists or antagonists by binding to sex steroid receptors. ECDs may also act through non-genomic mechanisms by blocking G protein-coupled receptors. Finally, interference with the action of steroids can contribute to infl       through various mechanisms, including the inability to limit the production of reactive oxygen species. This systematic review was contains the most relevant data over the past 5 years on the adverse eff  ts of ECD on the health of a woman and her child. Cochrane, MEDLINE, PubMed information bases were evaluated.

Based on structural, quantitative and dynamic analysis, an assessment is made of the most important indicators of the demographic status of Russia at the end of the 20th and beginning of the 21st centuries. When forming a research approach, the author relied on theoretical and methodological concepts used by Russian and foreign scientists in the study of demographic processes and phenomena. At the same time, the main attention is paid to solving such problems as structural, quantitative and dynamic analysis, assessment of the most important indicators of the demographic status of Russia (fertility, mortality, population, migration) in comparison with similar indicators of other countries; assessment of the country’s demographic potential and its changes from the perspective of national security. The information base for the study was Russian and foreign statistical sources: Federal State Statistics Service — Rosstat, Unified Interdepartmental Information and Statistical System (EMISS), World Bank database. Significant literary sources in relation to the issues under consideration are analyzed. Throughout the entire post-Soviet period (1992–2023), Russia has experienced low and ultra-low birth rates (narrowed population reproduction), and this situation will continue in the near future. Since the second half of the 2000s, there has been a trend of gradual decline in mortality, with the exception of 2020–2021, when there was a temporary increase in the mortality rate due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Over 30 years (1992–2021), two–thirds of the losses from natural population decline (14.4 million people) were compensated by the migration infl x (9.6 million people). The positive and negative aspects of migration processes are characterized. Negative consequences for the development and security of Russia are noted, which are caused by population decline and aging.

Background. The COVID-19 pandemic has identified the need to transform the usual practices of health care. The behavior of most social groups, including students, has become more health-preserving. However, the sustainability of the changes raises questions, determining the potential increase in health risks for young people associated with behavioral factors.

The aim. To identify and assess the degree of consolidation of changes in health care practices formed during the COVID-19 pandemic and in the post-pandemic period among Russian students.

Materials and methods. The study, which has a mixed design (mix methodology), was conducted in autumn 2023 – spring 2024. Three Russian universities in the Volga region, the Urals and Siberia have implemented a series of focused interviews (n = 10) and a formalized survey (n = 415) of students of social and humanitarian specialties.

Results. The COVID-19 pandemic period led to the introduction of student health care practices such as the use of antiseptics and medical masks, self-isolation and vitamin intake. The high level of stress actualized the concern for mental health. However, specific physical health practices have lost popularity: only 7.9 % of students continue to use medical masks, and a quarter of respondents do not take care of their health beyond personal hygiene. Among men, this figure is 31.5 %. At the same time, mental health practices such as communication with loved ones and meditation have become more common, which may be due to the high level of anxiety in Russia.

Conclusion. The behavior of young people remains stable and only changes slightly under the infl  e of external factors. The COVID-19 pandemic has had a short-term impact on the health behavior of Russian youth, forcing them to pay more attention to personal hygiene measures. Health-saving practices specifi to the pandemic, for example, antiseptics or medical masks, have not taken root and have entered the “post-pandemic” pattern only among students with a high level of responsibility for their health.

Rational. Occupationalnoiseposesasignificantoccupationalhazard, affecting a large portion of the global population. The correlation between cardiovascular risk factors and noise exposure has been examined, and conflicting findings have been found.

The aim. This study aimed to explored the association between occupational noise and cardiovascular risk factors among word related noise-exposed laborers.

Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 495 workers at a home appliance manufacturing factory. Participants are divided in two groups including workers exposed to noise levels above 85 dB and below 85 dB at work. Demographic information, audiometric tests, blood pressure tests, and lipid profile testing collected from the occupational health files. To evaluate the association between noise exposure andcardiovascular risk factors, themultivariable logistic regression analyzeswereused.

Results. Our finding revealed significant correlation between exposure to noise above the 85 db and elevated levels of fasting blood sugar (FBS), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), physical activity and high diastolic blood pressure. Following logistic regression to remove the impact of confounding variables, relationship between FBS, LDL, TG and physical activity remained statistically significant.

Conclusions. The current investigation shows the correlation between exposure to noise above the permissible limit and the risk factors of cardiovascular diseases, especially FBS, LDL, and TG.

Background. Dietary modifications are one of the most important strategies for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases among the population. Dietary models have become an important tool for analyzing the diet and its relationship with the risk of developing chronic diseases, since poor nutrition is associated with a high prevalence and development of obesity, cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The problem of preserving the health of the able-bodied population as one of the components of socio-economic well-being in market relations is a priority issue of national policies.

The aim. To assess the characteristics and dietary patterns, and their associations with the main cardiovascular risk factors in the coal industry workers.

Materials and methods. The study included 209 male respondents working at Kuzbass coal industry companies. Specialists collected data on cardiovascular risk factors during medical examinations in 2022–2023. The study protocol involved the collection of data on the main factors of cardiovascular risk and previously detected diseases significant from the perspective of cardiovascular risk, measurement of systolic and diastolic blood pressure, body mass index calculation, verification of hypertension and obesity in accordance with generally accepted clinical recommendations, as well as determination of glucose levels and lipid metabolism.

Results. Three dietary patterns were identified in the coal industry workers using factor analysis: protein-carbohydrate (40.7 %); processed (33.0 %); mixed (26.3 %). When studying the prevalence of traditional risk factors of cardiovascular diseases, we found a tendency towards statistically significant differences in the frequency of hypertension and a combination of smoking and dyslipidemia, depending on the dietary patterns of the respondents.

Conclusion. The study results revealed association between adherence to the protein-carbohydrate dietary pattern and a reduced risk of hypertension, and association between adherence to the mixed dietary pattern and a reduced risk of dyslipidemia and smoking + dyslipidemia. Moreover, we noted age-related features and the effects of working conditions (shift work and work experience) and the frequency of consumption of various food groups.

Introduction. A new class of chronic heart failure (CHF) has been identified recently – heart failure with mildly reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (HFmrEF). The determinants and outcomes of this phenotype are still being clarified.

The aim. To study the clinical and demographic characteristics of patients with HFmrEF.

Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of 1141 medical records of patients with CHF who were hospitalized at the National Center of cardiology and Internal medicine named after M. Mirrakhimov were conducted. Patients were categorized as follows: 39.4 %, 23.3 % and 37.3 % of patients with CHF with low, mildly reduced and preserved left ventricular ejection fraction, respectively. Demographic indicators, causes and severity of CHF, risk factors, and comorbidities were assessed in all patients.

Results. Patients with HFmrEF were comparable to those with HFrEF in terms of demographic characteristics and etiology. Among HFmrEF patients, men predominated (62 %), with an average age of 63,9 years. The most common causes of HFmrEF were coronary heart disease (CHD) (81,6 %), hypertension (7,3 %) and their combination (22,1 %). The incidence of obesity and atrial fibrillation in the HFmrEF group was 35,3 % and 28,6 %, respectively, and did not differ significantly from that in patients with HFrEF. A significantly lower prevalence of chronic kidney disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was observed in the HFmrEF and HFpEF groups compared to the HFrEF group. Type 2 diabetes mellitus was present in approximately one in five patients, regardless of the CHF phenotype. Patients with functional class III (NYHA) predominated among those with HFmrEF (54,5 %) and HFrEF (56,3 %).

Conclusion. Patients with HFmrEF were comparable to those with HFrEF in most clinical and demographic characteristics and in the severity of CHF.

Introduction. The geriatric problem of sarcopenia is relevant for both therapists and pediatricians. Secondary sarcopenia is diagnosed at any age in severe diseases, as well as muscle loss and muscle strength due to protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) or morbid obesity. Diagnostic criteria have been developed for the adult category and are not approved for children.

The aim. To develop a method for laboratory diagnostics of sarcopenia based on the assessment of mass spectrometric indices of organic acid metabolism in children with sarcopenia against the background of protein-energy malnutrition.

Materials and methods. A single-center cohort study conducted in 18 patients (from 9 to 18 years, average age 11 ± 2.11 years) with PEM and cerebral palsy. All subjects underwent anthropometry, bioimpedancemetry (Diamant Aist), laboratory diagnostics and determination of organic acids in urine using gas chromatography in combination with mass spectrometric detection and fl ionization detection. Sarcopenia was diagnosed using the bioimpedance method in 10 children; the comparison group consisted of 8 patients. Statistical analysis was carried out using the StatTech v program. 3.1.8.

Results and discussion. In sarcopenia, lower levels of homogentisic, pyruvic (pyruvate), 3-hydroxybutyric acids and the TMA/TMAO ratio in urine are observed than in PEM alone, which is explained by a pronounced cellular energy deficit. A correlation was found between the percentage of fat mass in the component composition of the body and the levels of homogentisic, pyruvic (pyruvate), 3-Hydroxybutyric acids, the TMA / TMAO ratio in urine, as well as between the percentage of active cell mass in the component composition of the body and the levels of homogentisic, pyruvic (pyruvate), 3-Hydroxybutyric acids, the TMA / TMAO ratio in urine. The result of the ROC analysis, sarcopenia can be diagnosed in children with protein-energy malnutrition if the level of pyruvic acid in urine is less than 30.5255 mmol and 3-Hydroxybutyric acid is less than 3.0715 mmol.

Conclusions. Mass spectrometry is promising for the differential diagnosis of protein-energy malnutrition and sarcopenia in protein-energy malnutrition, as well as monitoring nutritional support.

Background. Obesity is known to be very detrimental to health, so wellness programs are needed to optimize dietary habits and physical activity in people of different ages. In order to evaluate the effects of health improvement, it is important to use informative approaches, and heart rate variability is one of the most promising and sensitive methods for determining the functional state of the body’s regulatory systems.

The aim. To use heart rate variability indices to assess the consequences of obesity and the effects of a wellness program.

Materials and methods. The health improvement program was initiated on the basis of the sanatorium «Isloch» (Republic of Belarus), including recovery procedures and balanced nutrition. Long-term monitoring was carried out at the Institute of Physiology of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus (Minsk) 3 times with an interval of 3–4 months. Thestudyincluded 46 menofvaryingbodyweight, aged 24–60 years. Heartrate variability was analysed using the hardware-software complex “Ekosan” and the software “Varicard” (Russian Federation).

Results. Initial examination revealed a decrease in total regulatory power and other significant deviations in heart rate variability in obese people compared to the normal group. Based on the results of the study, it has been shown that a reduction in body weight of 4.5 kg or more in obese men leads to normalisation of most of the detected abnormalities in heart rate variability.

Conclusion. Thus, if health recommendations are adhered to during the one-year follow-up period, obese men show a reduction in body weight, accompanied by a normalisation of heart rhythm parameters.

Background. Due to the adaptive processes occurring in a woman’s body during pregnancy, the antioxidant status may be the subject for active changes. An imbalance between antioxidants and prooxidants may lead to the development of oxidative stress. The aim. To assess of antioxidant status and 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine content in the dynamics of physiological pregnancy.

Materials and methods. A prospective study of 32 healthy pregnant women (mean age 28.32 ± 5.21 years) was conducted. Blood plasma and serum, as well as hemolysate prepared from erythrocytes, were used as study material. A comprehensive assessment of the antioxidant status was carried out based on the determination of the level of total antioxidant activity of the blood, the content of reduced and oxidized glutathione and their ratios, glutathione-S-transferase, alpha-tocopherol, retinol and superoxide dismutase activity. Oxidative modification of DNA was assessed by the level of 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine. The indicators were studied at 4 points: 6-12, 18-22, 28-32, 38-40 weeks of pregnancy.

Results. It was found that the concentration of retinol, alpha-tocopherol, activity of superoxide dismutase and glutathione-S-transferase significantly increased at 38–40 weeks compared to the first trimester of pregnancy, against the background of a decrease in the level of 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine before delivery.

Conclusions. The obtained results of the study indicate the activation of the antioxidant defense system in the dynamics of physiological pregnancy, which leads to a decrease in oxidative modification of DNA.

Background. To achieve maximum results when preventing stroke requires studying the factors determining the difference in the preventive measures.

The aim. To study differences in the gender-age characteristics, stroke type structure and the prevalence of concomitant diseases in urban and rural patients with stroke living in the Arkhangelsk region.

Materials and methods. The results of a retrospective study among 5227 patients with acute stroke discharged from City (3588) and Regional (1639) Hospitals are presented (January 2017 – December 2020). Gender-age, stroke types, presence and number of concomitant diseases, place of residence were analyzed.

Results. Older age groups were more numerous in urban (p < 0.001), with a predominance of women over 80 (p < 0.001). In 50–69 group urban patients had more cryptogenic strokes (p < 0.001), regional patients had more atherothrombotic and lacunar strokes (p < 0.001). A higher comorbidity burden was found among urban (5, 6, 7 diseases) (p < 0.001; p < 0.001 and p = 0.002). In patients over 80, arterial hypertension (AH), atrial fibrillation (AF), coronary heart disease (CHD), chronic heart failure (CHF), post-infarction cardiosclerosis (PICS), diabetes mellitus (DM) (p < 0.001) was more common in urban female. In 50–69 age women AH, CA, CHF (p < 0.001) and CHD (p = 0.001) were more often in rural. Among men over 70 AH, DM, AF, PICS (p < 0.001), CA (p = 0.003) and cancer (p = 0.007) were more often in urban. In 50–69 age men AH, CHD and CHF (p < 0.001) predominated in rural.

Conclusion. The identified differences determine the basis for a shift in emphasis in the development of preventive measures in the region under study.

Background. Implantation of toric IOLs allows to achieve the best visual results in patients with astigmatism. However, even a small dislocation of the toric IOL can significantly reduce the effectiveness of correction. Dislocation is eliminated by repositioning the IOL, which, although minimal, is a repeated surgical intervention. In addition, in clinical practice, there are cases when toric lenses retain their rotational instability even after repositioning and may require repeated intervention. In modern surgical practice, there are various ways to prevent toric IOL rotation. The most popular method is the implantation of capsular rings (CR) of various models, which should increase the stability of IOL in patients with a large axial length of the eye, but the effectiveness against other factors of IOL dislocation in CR is low and cannot completely eliminate the risk of lens displacement.

The aim. Demonstration of clinical cases of rotational instability of toric IOLs and methods of its prevention and relief by the method of posterior optic capture.

Material and methods. Clinical cases of rotational instability of toric IOLs are presented on the example of patients with capsulorexis of excessive diameter and rotation in the late postoperative period. The patients underwent cataract phacoemulsification with implantation of a toric intraocular lens with the implementation of a posterior capture of toric IOL optics.

Results. The postoperative period was calm against the background of standard therapy. The period of postoperative follow-up was 2–3 months. Both patients had high and stable visual acuity from 0.7 to 1.0 after surgery. The thiols maintained a centered position and were positioned in accordance with the calculated axis, which was confirmed by the OCT data of the anterior segment. The optical zone was transparent in both cases, and there were no signs of Ellingson’s syndrome and iris transillumination.

Conclusion. The method of posterior optic capture of IOL makes it possible to effectively and safely solve the problem of rotational instability of toric IOL.

Background. The changes in the immune system against the background of the infectious process caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus remain insufficiently studied. Concerns remain about the possibility of long-term consequences associated with immune deficiency. Dynamic assessment of immunological parameters in children after COVID-19 is essential to prevent possible complications and long-term consequences.

The aim. To monitor the immune status of children in post-COVID period after 1, 3 and 12 months.

Materials and methods. Sixty children of the city of Irkutsk with COVID-19 diagnosis participated in the study. Investigation of immune status, determination of the presence of specific antibodies A, M, G and titer IgG to the SARS-CoV-2 virus was carried out 1, 3, 12 months after the acute period of COVID-19.

Results. In the post-COVID period, children after 1, 3, 12 months after COVID-19 reveal changes in immune parameters – cellular, humoral link and phagocytosis system. The biggest changes were observed 12 months after COVID-19 in the form of negative dynamics of phagocytosis (p < 0.001). There is no change in the proportion of children with abnormal cell immunity (p > 0.05) over months 1, 3 and 12. Overall immunoglobulin levels in most children were within the reference range (p > 0.05). After a year, all children were identified with IgG to SARS-CoV-2 (p < 0.0001) and 96.7 % had high titer antibodies.

Conclusion. Changes in the immune status of children after COVID-19 can be considered as predictors in the post-COVID period of long-term consequences, including the development of chronic infectious pathology. The dynamic monitoring of children’s immunity and health status after COVID-19 should be continued.

Introduction. The child’s sensorimotor system is currently considered as a dynamic self-organizing system formed under the influence of both external and internal factors. This opens up broad opportunities for studying the developmental features of various components of motor function in childhood under different environmental conditions. In the structure of voluntary movement, the kinesthetic and spatial factors and their role in the formation of movements and actions in ontogenesis are of great interest, depending on the child’s population and the influence of the environment. In recent years, material has been accumulated indicating differences in the cognitive development of some features of the brain organization in urban and rural children.

The aim. To study the development features of kinesthetic and spatial praxis in urban and rural populations of children.

Materials and methods. The study included 1362 urban and 891 rural children aged 4–10 years were examined, including 1045 boys and 1208 girls. The state of motor function was studied as part of a comprehensive screening neuropsychological examination. Standard procedures for using tests for kinesthetic and spatial organization of movements were used: Finger Position Test and Head’sTest.

Results. The features of development of kinesthetic and spatial factors of movement organization in populations of urban and rural children were revealed. At the same time, an advantage in development of kinesthetic and spatial components of motor function was revealed in rural children, where their formation was distinguished by greater stability and intensity than in the urban population.

Conclusion. The active process of formation of kinesthetic and spatial organization of movements within the studied age period ended earlier in the rural population than in the population of urban children.

Background. In 2020, a new anti-tuberculosis drug, delamanid, was first approved and introduced in Russia for the treatment of drug-resistant TB (DR), and therefore it is interesting to study its effectiveness and safety.

The aim. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of delamanid-containing chemotherapy regimens in patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis as part of complex treatment compared with standard regimens.

Methods. A bidirectional cohort study was conducted, including 76 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis with DR TB, divided into two comparable groups. Group 1 included 38 patients in thechemotherapyregimenwhoweretreatedwithdelamanide, the group was recruited prospectively. Group 2 included 38 patients who used chemotherapy regimens without the inclusion of delamanide, the group was recruited retrospectively.

Results. The effectiveness of treatment of patients with DR TB pulmonary tuberculosis according to the criterion of cessation of bacterial excretion was 27 (79,4 %) people in group 1 against 19 people (51,4 %) in group 2 (p = 6,115, χ2 = 0,024), according to the criterion of elimination of cavities 23 patients (71,9 %) cases against 15 patients (45,5 %), respectively (p = 4,670, χ2 = 0,044). In group 1 of patients, surgical treatment was performed in the early stages of therapy by 2 months – in 9 patients (28,1 %) cases against 3 people (10,3 %) – in group 2, by 4 months – in 12 patients (37,5 %) cases against 5 patients (17,2 %), respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in adverse event frequency between the groups (p > 0,05)

Conclusion. The timely use of surgical methods in patients with DR TB of the lungs, combined with the presence of delamanide in the chemotherapy regimen, made it possible to achieve higher treatment effectiveness.

Background. The number of patients with large postoperative ventral hernias does not tend to decrease. Recurrent hernias after prosthetic hernioplasty occur in 5–25 %. In 1–10 % of patients, the implant becomes infected with the formation of fistulas.

The aim. To develop and apply an original fibrin coating of the implant to accelerate the processes of fibrosis and fixation of the implant in the tissues in large postoperative ventral hernias.

Material and methods. Experimental studies were carried out on laboratory animals and bench experiments aimed at developing a fibrin composite for coating mesh implants. Examined and operated on using the technology described by V.I. Belokonev. Eighty patients with large postoperative ventral hernias. Among them there were 37 (46.3 %) men and 43 (53.7 %) women. The patients were examined using standard laboratory and instrumental studies.

All patients were divided into 2 groups, comparable by gender, age and size of the hernia defect. Group 1 included patients who underwent only V.I. surgery. Belokoneva. The second group was represented by 30 (37.5 %) patients, where after hernia repair and repair of the aponeurosis defect, a fibrin composite was applied to the mesh implant.

Results. The formation of fibrous tissue and the absence of a pronounced inflammatory reaction in the area of application of the fibrin composite within the abdominal wall were detected. In a clinical study, it was found that in group 1 without implant coverage, infiltrates in the area of the postoperative suture occurred in 5 patients (6.3 %). Small fluid accumulations in 3 (3.8 %) patients.

Conclusion. After using fibrin coating to treat implants, the number of fluid accumulations and infiltrates was lower compared to the main group. No relapses were found in the long-term period up to 1 year.

Background. The development of photocatalysts with antibacterial properties seems to be relevant for combating multiresistant microorganisms in medical institutions. Recently, the peroxo method has been used to synthesize semiconducting metal dioxide TiO₂ in the form of spherical particles (SPs) with size of 100–200 nm; its antibacterial properties have not been studied.

The aim is evaluation of the survival and morphology of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus after exposure of the TiO₂ SPs, and estimation their toxicity in bioluminescence test.

Methods. TiO₂ at 0.5–2 g/L concentrations after 10-120 min UV irradiation were added to E. coli or S. aureus suspension. Survival, microscopic examination (SEM, ASM), and toxicity bioluminescence test were made after 60–90 min contact.

Results. The antibacterial effect of TiO₂ SPs was maintained after UV irradiation was stopped. TiO₂ at 0.5–2 g/L with UV pre-irradiation (120 min) decreased the viability of both E. coli and S. aureus. According to the bioluminescence test, EC50 for TiO₂ SPs was 7.46, 2.61, 1.87 g/L after 10, 60, 120 min UV pre-irradiation, respectively. The electron microscopic observations suggested that TiO₂ SPs have adhesion and adherence to E. coli and S. aureus cells after UV pre-irradiation.

Conclusion. Understanding TiO₂ SPs interaction with bacteria allows development of new photocatalysts with antibacterial properties.

Background. Cold stress, as one of the most important environmental factors in cold climates, can cause disturbances in the body’s homeostasis and lead to various pathological conditions. Magnesium deficiency in these conditions can be compensated by adding organic forms of magnesium-containing supplements to the diet.

The aim. To evaluate the neuroprotective properties of whey protein concentrate enriched with magnesium and probiotic cultures on a cold stress model.

Materials and methods. A concentrate of thermally precipitated whey proteins (protein supplement) containing a chelated form of magnesium and enriched with lactobacilli was used. The study was conducted for 21 days on a cold stress model on 18 outbred male rats: group 1 – intact, group 2 – control (oral water 0.2 ml + cold stress), group 3 – experimental (oral supplement 0.2 ml + cold stress). In the Open Field test, the parameters of general motor and exploratory activity, and the integral level of anxiety were determined. Statistical analysis was performed using the Biostat-2006 software package.

Results. Animals that received the supplement showed greater horizontal and vertical activity. Their summary motor activity was 42.5 % higher than in the control group and 122.2 % higher than in the intact group. In the experimental group, exploratory activity was 143.9 % higher than in the intact group and 42.3 % higher than in the control group. The anxiety level in the experimental group was 75.3 % lower than in the intact group and 74.9 % lower than in the control group.

Conclusion. The neuroprotective efficacy of the enriched protein concentrate was established in the cold stress model, as evidenced by an increase in general and exploratory activity, a decrease in the anxiety level of animals. The supplement can be recommended as a source of protein and magnesium when exposed to low temperatures, independently and as part of food products.

Background. Existing data regarding electrocardiographic changes in rat models of metabolic syndrome are incomplete and contradictory.

The aim. Study of electrocardiogram (ECG) parameters in rats in the sucrose model of metabolic syndrome.

Materials and methods. Experiments were performed on male Wistar rats. During the entire experiment (11–13 weeks), the animals had free access to dry food, regular and sugar-sweetened (30 %) drinking water. A glucose tolerance test (GTT), ECG, random glucose, insulin, cholesterol and organ weight measurements were also performed.

Results. Experimental animals preferred to drink sweetened water but almost completely compensated for the excess calories obtained from sugar in water by reducing their consumption of dry food. Fasting glucose and weight gain did not diff between animal groups. However, random glucose, area under the curve in GTT, and relative weights of heart, liver, and abdominal fat were higher in experimental animals compared to controls. In addition, the area of the T-wave of the ECG as well as the TpTe / QT ratio in experimental animals were statistically greater than those in the control.

Conclusion. The data obtained confirm the development of moderate metabolic syndrome and may indicate the development of cardiac hypertrophy and / or slowing / desynchronization of cardiac muscle repolarization (increased duration and area of the ECG T-wave) in rats after 11–13 weeks of free access to sugar-sweetened (30 %) water.

Introduction. In the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) since 2020, the incidence of tuberculosis (TB) has become lower than the Russian average against the background of an increase in the proportion of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, including among new cases.

Objective. To analyze the changes in the molecular genetic structure of M. tuberculosis strains for 2009–2024.

Materials and methods. We studied 669 strains for 2009–2014 (first period) and 2022– 2024 (second period) by RD 207/105/181, SNPand MIRU-VNTR 24 typing methods.

Results. The primary MDR (without pre-XDR and XDR) were 22.2 % and 24.6 % by periods, the pre-XDR increased from 1.0 % to 16.9 % and XDR strains were emergence in 3.3 % in 2022–2024. In the second period, the Beijing genotype was predominance (67.3 % vs. 43.3 % in the first period; p < 0.001), Beijing Central Asian Russian was increased from 21.7 % to 31.0 % (p = 0.006), Beijing B0/W148 was increased from 14.9 to 34.0 % (p < 0.001). Euro-American lineage was represented by endemic for Sakha (Yakutia) S genotype (13.8 % and 18.0 % by periods), genotypes T, LAM, Ural, H. In all age groups in the second period, an increase in the proportion of Beijing B0/W148 was found. The pre-XDR profiles of B0/W148 were increased (53,9 % vs 7,3 %; p < 0,001) and was found XDR (6.9 %). For genotype S, the primary pre-XDR (33,3 % vs 5,7 %; p = 0,002) was increased and XDR was found in 44.4 %.

Conclusion. In the period of 2022–2024, in the M. tuberculosis population, a high level of pre-XDR and XDR in Beijing B0/W148 strains (60.8 %), and S genotype (60.1 %) was detected. Beijing B0/W148 strains have spread and influence MDR amplification, as the endemic S genotype, which requires further surveillance and control.