Background. Spread of childhood obesity is associated with social and economic factors of modern lifestyle that alter food preferences and lead to sedentary life. Nowadays fatty hepatosis is considered a hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome, which is linked to the rising prevalence of obesity among the population. There is evidence of a correlation between metabolic disorders and oxidative stress reactions.

Aims. To study characteristics of lipid peroxidation system and antioxidant defense processes in adolescents with fatty hepatosis.

Materials and methods. We examined 15 adolescents with obesity and fatty hepatosis, 20 adolescents with obesity and without fatty hepatosis, and 20 apparently healthy adolescents, who formed the control group. Spectrophotometric and fluorometric methods were used in the research.

Results. We found that some components of antioxidant status of adolescents with obesity and fatty hepatosis were decreased, both in comparison with the group with obesity without hepatosis and control group.

Conclusions. It is recommended that patients with obesity and fatty hepatosis take antioxidants in addition to metabolic therapy.

Background. Today infertile marriage is not only a serious medical, but also a socio-demographic and economic problem. Male factor contributes averagely to half of the cases of the disease in couples. Such factors as high levels of reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress have been reported to compromise the process of spermatogenesis and sperm function in men. Oxidative stress is a significant risk factor for male infertility. A pro-oxidant testicular environment may alter the expression profile of functional sperm proteins and result in poor sperm quality.

Aims. To study the characteristics of the intensity of the processes of lipoperoxidation and antioxidant status in the ejaculate of men with different variants of spermograms.

Materials and methods. We examined 69 men with primary infertility and 155 fertile men. The content of lipid peroxidation components and antioxidant protection was determined by spectrophotometric method.

Results. The results of the study in men with infertility and asthenozoospermia showed decreased total antioxidant activity of sperm by 50 % and α-tocopherol by 52 %, and in men with infertility and oligozoospermia, decreased total antioxidant activity of sperm by 47 % and α-tocopherol by 41 %.

Conclusions. The analysis indicates a change in the parameters of the system of lipid peroxidation – antioxidant defense system and confirms the development of oxidative stress in them. Depending on the pathological state of the ejaculate in men of reproductive age, lipid peroxidation processes have their own characteristics. In men with oligozoospermia, peroxidation processes occur more intensively. Activation of lipid peroxidation – antioxidant defense system processes can be both a consequence and a cause of various metabolic changes in the human body.

Problems of obesity, nutrition and microbiota are discussed in this review. In a world of constant economic and cultural changes traditional diet is being replaced by western diet, rich in free sugars, saturated fats, salt, and characterized by increased average daily dietary energy consumption intake. Such «western-style» diet is associated with high weight gain, leading to metabolic disorders, namely diet-related obesity, which is rapidly increasing globally. The impact of ethnicity to the development of obesity as inter-ethnic and intra-ethnic differences in dietary habits is showed. Dietary habits of different countries, including ethnic minorities, provide a specific pattern of gut microbiota and microbiome. In the context of globalization, international migration and rapid urbanization, changes in dietary habits occurred without proper adaptation of gut microbiota. Gut microbiota plays the fundamental role in regulation and pathogenesis of metabolic disorders due to making metabolites for normal human development, therefore gut microbiota dysbiosis may lead to metabolic dysfunction, including obesity. The review shows actual worldwide data of evolution of adult obesity over time, dietary energy consumption in different country and different climatic regions. It analyzes changes in gut microbiota composition depending on traditional or western diet, and on nationality and race.

At present there are few studies generalizing the clinical picture of infections, transmitted by Ixodid ticks, in children population. Tick-borne viral encephalitis is still one of the important natural focal infections and accounts for up to 27 % among other tick-borne infections.

The aim of the study was to determine the structure and features of the clinical course of tick infections in children of the Irkutsk region.

Materials and methods. We conducted a retrospective analysis of 58 cases over three-year period from 2015 to 2017 of children aged 1 to 18 years diagnosed with tick-borne viral encephalitis (TVE), ixodid tick-borne borreliosis (ITB), tick-borne rickettsiosis (TR) according to the data of Irkutsk Regional Infectious Clinical Hospital.

Results and discussion. Among tick-borne infections, TVE was found in 43 % of cases, ITB – in 27.5 %, TR – in 29.5 %, there was one case of mixed infection: TVE + tick-borne typhus in North Asia. In TVE, feverish form was found in 40 % of cases, meningeal form – in 36 %, meningoencephalitic form – in 20 %, polyradiculonevritic form – in 4 %. Medium severity was observed in 56 % of cases, severe – in 28 %. In ITB, non-erythematous form was revealed in 62.5 % of cases, erythematous – in 12.5 %. Clinical and epidemiological TR was registered in 18 % of cases. In patients with TVE recovery was observed in 84 %, however, there were 4 % of neurological complications. With the diagnosis of ITB and TR, almost all children were discharged in a satisfactory condition. No deaths were reported within 3 years. According to the medical history: only 1 child was vaccinated against TVE, 2 children underwent seroprevention; ticks, who bit 4 patients, were studied. Medical history showed that 57 % of children had tick bites, and 7 % of cases associated the disease with consumption of non-boiled goat or cow milk. Residents of Irkutsk, Angarsk and Shelekhov comprised 47 %, residents of the Irkutsk region – 53 %. The most common localization of bites is the head and neck.

Conclusion. There is a low public commitment to the vaccine prevention of tick-borne infections. Therefore, it is necessary to promote both specific and non-specific prevention of tick-borne encephalitis among children of the Irkutsk region.

Background. Chronic viral hepatitis is a complex global problem and is still far from being solved. Many researchers point out influence of viral hepatitis on the reproductive system of women.

Aim. To identify features of the functional state of pituitary-thyroid units of neuroendocrinal regulation, and to evaluate lipid peroxidation – antioxidant protection with determination of the oxidative stress coefficient in perimenopausal women with chronic form of hepatitis.

Materials and methods. Study included 44 women with chronic viral hepatitis and 28 healthy women of the same age. Immunoabsorbent, spectrophotometric, fluorometric and statistical methods were used.

Results. In patients with chronic viral hepatitis, we detected an increase in thyroxine levels – by 29.6% (р < 0.001) and free triiodothyronine values – by 65.7% (р = 0.008) in comparison with the control group. In the group with chronic viral hepatitis, the TBA-reactive products level increased by 1.9 times (р = 0.006), and superoxide dismutase activity decreased by 1.3 times (р < 0.001), total antioxidant activity – by 1.7 times (р < 0.001) and α-tocopherol level – by 1.3 times (р = 0.005) in comparison with the control group.

Conclusions. The obtained data demonstrate the features of the pituitary-thyroid system functioning and the lipid peroxidation – antioxidant protection system in patients with chronic hepatitis. The chronic form of hepatitis is characterized by metabolic disorders that require a more careful approach in diagnosis and management.

Combined therapy in cardiology is currently the most recognized method of treatment, especially in patients with hypertension. Approximately in 50 % of patients with hypertension, monotherapy is effective. However to achieve the desired effect in the remaining half of patients, simultaneous administration of two and sometimes three drugs is required. Numerous drugs with a fixed combination of two (and even three) antihypertensive drugs, often used in clinical practice, greatly simplify the dosage regimen of drugs and improve patients’ adherence to treatment. Unfortunately, simultaneous prescription of several drugs increases sharply the probability of inter-drug interaction with the increase in the number of prescribed drugs. The result of drug-drug intereaction may be unpredictable. Therefore, the ability to predict the possible adverse reactions in patients with cardiovascular diseases and to prescribe rationally combined pharmacotherapy is a guarantee of highly efficient and safe treatment.

Currently, rational combinations of antihypertensive drugs of different groups make hypertension therapy more comfortable and increases patients’ adherence to treatment. The authors present topical combinations of antihypertensive drugs in one drug: angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor + diuretic, β-adrenoblocker + diuretic; diuretic + angiotensin receptor antagonist; calcium antagonist + angiotensin receptor antagonist; calcium antagonist + β-adrenoblocker, and others.

The article presents an overview of both rational (calcium antagonist + diuretic, β-adrenoblocker + diuretic,) and irrational (angiotensin converting enzyme Inhibitor + potassium-sparing diuretic, angiotensin receptor blocker + potassium-sparing diuretic) combinations of antihypertensive drugs. Combinations of some hypotensive and antianginal drugs with drugs of other groups with a high risk of adverse reactions are presented.

The review presents data on the antigenic structure and the current classification of epidemically significant serovariants of Listeria. Description of species-specific properties of serovariants of Listeria, which may be common for two or more species, and common antigens with staphylococci and typhoid and paratyphoid bacteria, are given. It has been shown that only the antigenic scheme of Listeria monocytogenes is of practical interest for medical microbiology. Importance of serotyping in the epidemiological analysis to determine the source of infections and ways of its spreading has been determined. Differences in the designation of serovariants in the diagnosis of listeriosis in medical practice are observed. High level of adaptive properties of Listeria, its ability to reproduce in an abiotic environment, including food, susceptibility of immunodeficient individuals, prevalence of food pathway of infection pose a significant danger of increased sickness rate with listeriosis. Serological diagnostics of Listeria has not been developed in detail, and the existing serological methods are aimed at identifying specific antibodies to listeria. Advantages of the serological method include: quick results and the possibility to study any biological material. Currently available serological methods have a number of disadvantages: low reliability of results and low specificity of the study. The most promising method for identification of a serological group of cultures, according to the world classification, is the multiplex PCR method, based on the correlation between the serogroup of an isolate and the presence of specific open reading frames in its genome.

Introduction. Modern studies show that the presentation of smell of female mice before male mice infection with the influenza virus activates non-specific immune response which protects male mice from infection of the upper respiratory tract and reducing their mortality. However the researches have not studied the adaptive effect of female sexual pheromone on men.

The aim of this work was to study the effect of odor of synthetic analogue of natural female pheromone (Osmopherine) on the functional state of young men often suffering from acute respiratory infections (ARI) and allergic diseases.

Materials and methods. We studied four-week effect of Osmopherine on the psycho-emotional state, the concentration of hormones (testosterone, cortisol) and immunoglobulins (sIgA, total IgG), the percentage of leukocytes in the blood and the individual smell of young men, who have ARI more than 4 times a year or an allergic disease. The study involved 117 boys aged 19–23 years. Olfactory testing of individual odor samples of young men was carried out by young women (n = 32) aged 18–22 years.

Results. It was found that female pheromone has a positive effect on the functional state of men with different immune systems. However its effect is caused by the pathogenesis of the disease. Application of Osmopherine in men with reduced immunity causes an increased activity, improved mood, reduced anxiety and stabilized testosterone level. Men with allergic diseases did not have the same effect. A significant 2 times decrease in the content of eosinophils was found, which indirectly indicates the decrease in the activity of the delayed phase of allergic reactions of immediate type.

Conclusion. The immune system functions according to its internal laws and programs. However its activity for the benefit of the whole body is integrated and regulated by the nervous and endocrine systems. Therefore modulating effect on the functioning of the immune system can be mediated through the presentation of pheromones.

The beginning of children’s school education is a potential risk of morphofunctional and psycho-physiological disorders in the body because of the significant reduction in daily physical activity, the change in day regimen, emotional and intellectual stress, which are often inadequate for the age-related psycho-physiological capabilities of schoolchildren. In this paper, we analyzed the literature on the development of modern children of primary school age according to the results of the assessment of morphological, functional and mental indicators. The identification of a general trend in the development of primary school-aged children is necessary for determination and development of health-saving programs to implement in the system of modern education. A review of data on the development of younger school children over the past 20 years shows an increase in the number of children with digressions in physical development, deterioration in physical fitness, delay of biological age from actual age, stress of the cardiovascular system, decrease in lung capacity and muscle strength. This pattern is manifested regardless of the region of residence and the nationality of children. There is an increase in the number of children with learning difficulties. Among the reasons for these changes, researchers highlight the complexity of the educational program, physical inactivity, the delay of physical development and, at the same time, medical and social successes of the state, allowing preserving the life of newborns even with somatic and neurological abnormalities. In connection with the identified trend of development of modern primary school children, the measures are needed to optimize children’s learning activities by the following criteria: level of physical activity, intensity of intellectual loads, rest mode.

The study of the quality of life (QoL) in medicine is recognized worldwide, its scientific study is also recognized as a priority.

Aim. To study the quality of life of workers in the Kuzbass coal industry, who are exposed to physical factors, as well as to assess the severity and degree of influence of diseases on QoL.

Methods. The method of QoL assessment was based on of individual QoL assessment and the rationing of intensive indicators. For the subjective assessment of the severity of symptoms of the occupational disease (OD) and the effect of these symptoms on QoL, we used the questionnaire method, recommended by Dyakovich M.P. and Kazakova P.V. (2013).

Results. The study of individual QoL included 400 miners with OD, caused by exposure to physical factors. We found that among the low indices, reflecting determination of quality of life of workers in the coal industry, satisfaction with the past was the highest. Indices of satisfaction with the future were the lowest. The predominance of subjective positive over negative was possibly related to social satisfaction.

The study involved a group of 98 patients, who had symptoms of diseases, caused by exposure to physical factors. Subjective assessment of patients with sensorineural hearing loss (SHL) revealed a significant effect of symptoms of the disease on QoL, especially with regard to symptoms that worsened their psycho-emotional state, which might further lead to impairments and disabilities.

Conclusion. Evaluation of individual QoL, as well as the severity of the symptoms and their effect on QoL, helps correctly diagnose the patient’s personal response to the disease, and to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment. In the future, doctors can use the received information when developing rehabilitation measures.

The use of lithium salts in psychiatry has a long, more than two-thousand-year history. It goes back to the ideas of Hippocrates II, Galen and Soran of Ephesus regarding the feasibility of using mineral waters from certain sources, which, as we know today, were rich in lithium, magnesium and bromine salts, for the treatment of both manic and depressive states. Later, this effect of lithium salts was rediscovered – independently of each other – in the mid-19th century by the American psychiatrist William Alexander Hammond and the Danish psychiatrist Carl Lange. However, since this discovery was based on incorrect premises, namely, on the theory of «brain urine acid diathesis» as the cause of mental illness, it was not accepted, ignored and even ridiculed by colleagues. The rediscovery of the anti-manic effect of lithium salts by John Cade in 1948 is one of the greatest discoveries of psychiatry of the 20th century.

The mechanisms of lithium therapeutic action are complex, diverse and not fully understood to this day. Initially, John Cade suggested that this effect of lithium is associated with its deficiency in patients with bipolar disorder and that exogenous lithium aids in compensation of such deficiency, or that patients with bipolar disorder suffer from some congenital disorder of lithium metabolism, thus requiring higher daily lithium doses than healthy people. However, it was soon shown that this was not the case.

Despite the emergence of a significant number of alternative mood stabilizers, lithium remains relevant in psychiatry to this day.

Background. Today the prevalence of mental disorders have grown significantly, so it is urgent to diagnose and correct them as early as possible. Mental disorders in patients with cardiovascular diseases aggravate the course and outcomes of the underlying disease, which necessitates their investigation in clinical practice.

Aim: to study the frequency and phenomenology of mental disorders in patients with cardiovascular diseases.

Materials and methods. Sixty patients of the Cardiology Department of St. Petersburg Multidisciplinary Hospital became the objects of the study, and comprised 2 groups. The first group included 30 patients with cardiovascular diseases, such as coronary artery disease and hypertension I–III stages, among them 10 men and 20 women aged 43.1 ± 11.7 years. The second group consisted of 30 patients with chronic heart failure in stabilization period (mean age 65.6 ± 10.8 years). The study included clinical and scale assessment.

Results. We found that in patients with cardiovascular diseases mild disorders of affective spectrum prevail, with a typical comorbidity of anxiety and depression. Mental disorders and personal features in patients with chronic heart failure are different from those in patients with uncomplicated cardiovascular conditions. Mental disorders are detected in cardiological practice only in one third of patients, which reveals the problem of training internists, who could diagnose the most common mental disorders.

Conclusions. Complex clinical and scale assessment in combination with the results of patients’ self-assessment showed a significant prevalence of affective disorders in the patients with cardiovascular diseases, who underwent treatment in the Cardiology Department of St. Petersburg Multidisciplinary Hospital. The results demonstrate that cardiac pa tients have personal risk factors for mental disorders development, predominantly anxiety and depressive disorders of neurotic level, both nosogenic and non-nosogenic, which requires a comprehensive psychological, psychotherapeutic and psychiatric care for these patients.

The review presents data on cognitive processes of emotional regulation, which are the result of the interaction of the activity of the prefrontal cortex and emotional centers, as the most important pathogenetic link in the psychosomatic relations of depressive and cardiovascular diseases. The neuroanatomical substrate of emotional regulation is the connection between emotional and cognitive processes, which are carried out through bidirectional neuronal interactions between the neocortex and emotional centers. This connection allows emotional centers to modulate cortical activity, and cognitive centers, through descending cortical influences, to modulate the processing of emotions. At present, direct and indirect connections of the frontal cortex with the centers of the autonomic nervous system and its stimulating sympathetic and inhibitory parasympathetic influences have been confirmed. Pathogenetic links of emotional dysregulation include neurobiological and cognitive (rumination, fixation on negative information) processes. The pathophysiological mechanisms of depression and cardiovascular diseases have common links - the dysregulation of the metabolic, immunological and hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal systems. The tendency to negative emotional response, the prevalence of negative emotions and alexithymia (low awareness of emotions) stand out as predictors of the development of both cardiovascular diseases and depression. Studies aimed at studying the typology and meaning of emotional dysregulation in various forms of psychopathological disorders in the aspect of comorbidity and psychosomatic relationships with somatic diseases can be fruitful in terms of finding new approaches to diagnosis and therapy.

Aims: adaptation and validation of the ELISA method insulin glargine determination for the pharmacokinetic study, practical approval in the biosimilars clinical trial.

Materials and methods. Serum insulin glargine determination was measured using a commercial ELISA kit. All tests were run on a Personal LAB machine (Adaltis S.r.l., Rome, Italy) with test systems for measuring the concentration of insulin glargine (Invitron Ltd., United Kingdom); human insulin concentrations were measured in the samples from the study for correction of cross-reactivity. Clinical part of this study included 42 male patients aged 18–65 with diabetes mellitus type 1. This was a double-blind, randomized, crossover clamp study with wash-out period of 7–14 days. Comparisons drugs: Insulin Glargine (glargine) solution for subcutaneous administration, 100 U/ml (GEROPHARM, Russia) and Lantus® (glargine) solution for subcutaneous administration, 100 U/ml (Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Germany).

Results. At the stage of the method adaptation the modification of original manufacturer’s method was performed; the full validation of modified analytical method for all parameters (selectivity, specificity, precision of calibration curves, intra- and inter-batch precision and accuracy, carry-over, dilution integrity, stability of solutions, stability in biologic matrix, parallelism) in accordance with regulatory authorities requirements has been done. The primary endpoint for long-acting insulins – AUCins.0-τ was calculated. Insulin Glargine and Lantus® are equivalent based on AUCins.0-τ data (point estimation for ratio of geometric means was 99 %, the confidence intervals for the ratio of the geometric mean for AUCins.0-τ was 81.02–120.62 %, that correspond to acceptance range 80.00–125.00 %).

Rationale. Standard esophagogastroduodenoscopy does not always detect ‘plain’ defects of mucosa with fibrin in comorbid patients with anemia. It is known that irrigation of gastric mucosa with methylene blue solution makes the relief more distinct.

Objective: to improve imaging of acute plain ulcers at anematized mucosa of stomach and duodenum using chromogastroduodenoscopy with methylene blue solution.

Methods. Chromogastroduodenoscopy with 0.25% and 0.5% methylene blue solution was used in 28 patients (aged 53–86; 17 (60.7 %) women, 11 (39.3 %) men) hospitalized for acute and chronic cardiovascular pathology in anemia. The endoscopic examination was carried out in reanimation or intensive care units. The exclusion criterion was the patient’s refusal to participate in the study. The key outcome was identification of mucosa defects (erosion, ulcer).

Results. Chromastroduodenoscopy with methylene blue allowed correct diagnosing of 5 patients (17.8 %) in which pathological processes could not be verified without contrasting. Improved visualization of mucosal defects during contrasting was obtained due to the following:

– the colorant spreading over the surface of the mucous accumulates in folds and grooves, erosions, ulcers, thereby showing the configuration;

– in stomach methylene blue does not color normal mucosa, but colors fibrin in the base of the defect. And in duodenum it colors mucosa and fibrin in the base of the ulcerative defect, while the edges of the defect are colored unevenly and are visualized as a rim during the imaging. No side effects were identified in the course of chromogastroduodenoscopy with methylene blue.

Conclusion. Chromogastroduodenoscopy with methylene blue is of great practical importance, being an informative and simple method.

Background. Laparostomy (open abdomen) is an aggressive surgical treatment of peritonitis and it requires justification of its effectiveness. Aims. The aim of the study was to determine the effectiveness of laparostomy and planned rehabilitation in patients with common purulent peritonitis.

Materials and methods. Retrospective analysis of the results of laparostomy and planned sanations in patients with common purulent peritonitis. The study included 101 case histories. Inclusion criteria: generalized purulent peritonitis established in the primary surgical intervention that required the implementation of laparotomy. The excluded from the study were immunocompromised patients, hemodialysis patients, patients with pancreatic necrosis, closed abdominal trauma, class C liver cirrhosis, carcinomatosis, cancer cachexia, disseminated tuberculosis, total mesenteric thrombosis. In statistic processing we used indicators of median and inter quartile ranges, methods of nonparametric statistics (Mann – Whitney criterion). The level of significance was α = 0.05.

Results. The whole group is divided into three subgroups according to MPI: subgroup I – 20 people, subgroup II – 57, subgroup III – 24. The method of planned sanation of the abdominal cavity in combination with laparostomy was applied in 34 cases (33.6 %). In the first subgroup in two cases (10 %), in the second – in 18 (31.6 %), in the third – 14 (58.3 %). The deceased, regardless of the chosen surgical technique, were characterized by higher values of integral scales. The severity of the condition of the surviving patients in which the technique was used at the time of admission was significantly higher than the severity of the surviving patients, in which laparostomy SAPS II was not used (p = 0.4716). However, their age was significantly older (p = 0.5476). The deceased patients were older 60 years with high rates on the above mentioned integrated scales.

Conclusions. The results showed that patients older than 60 years, II & III on MPI and with high values of integral scales require more balanced and differential approach when using laparostomy (open abdomen).

The article reflects modern views on epidemiology, clinical manifestations, classification, principles of diagnostics and treatment of hemangiomas. The purpose of our study was the analysis of the results of different methods of treatment inof children with hemangioma over a ten-year period (from 2007 to 2017) at Irkutsk Regional Children Hospital. We have found a significant reduction in cases of invasive treatment in patients with this pathology. In 2017, inhemangioma was excised in 179 children, and in 2017, this method was used only in 28 patients. Since 2009 cryolysis of vascular neoplasms has not been performedcryolysis. Conservative treatment of hemangiomas include hormone therapy with prednisone as well as systemic and local treatment with beta-adrenergic blocking agents. At the same time, we showed that conservative treatment of hemangiomas is effective before surgery. That is confirmed by the clinical observation of the child with an extensive perineal hemangioma, who underwent the combined treatment using surgical cryodestruction and hormone therapy. This example shows that a good aesthetic result has been obtained only when using hormone therapy, while partial excision of hemangiomas resulted in a violation of the anatomy of the external genitalia, and cryodestruction resulted in an extensive hypertrophic scar on both buttocks. It is concluded that the reasons for the change in treatment tactics in children with hemangiomas are determined by the possibility of using non-invasive methods with obtaining the optimal result of treatment in both oncological and aesthetic terms.

This article presents a comparative analysis of the effectiveness of endoscopic transpapillary management in patients with choledocholithiasis. The minimal complications are achieved using classical endoscopic papillosphincterotomy. However, in some cases, cannulation can be extremely difficult (stenosis, tumor of the major duodenal papilla, the anatomical features of the major duodenal papilla) or even impossible (wedged stone), and the introduction of a guidewire into the pancreatic duct significantly increases the risk of developing postoperative pancreatitis. The desire to increase the success when performing endoscopic papillosphincterotomy with diagnostic purpose (to perform endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography after failure of traditional cannulation) and for the purpose of performing transpapillary operations has naturally led to the development of new non-standard methods of endoscopic papillotomy, the introduction of new instruments – wire guides and guided cannulas. Further increase in the frequency of successful endoscopic papillotomy can be facilitated by using atypical methods of surgery. Some authors show that classical papillosphincterotomy is comparable to the method of endoscopic papillosphincterotomy with balloon dilatation in effectiveness of extracting stones from the common bile duct. However, balloon dilatation in the extraction of choledocholithiasis is preferable due to fewer postoperative complications.

The authors of this article note that endoscopic management do not always solve the problem of choledocholithiasis, but still have undeniable advantages compared with the laparotomy, in which choledocholithotomy sometimes has to be expanded, and duodenotomy with transduodenal papillosphincterotomy is conducted. Literature shows that main mortality causes after endoscopic interventions in patients with choledocholithiasis were progression of purulent cholangitis, biliary sepsis, acute postoperative pancreatitis, “discharge” syndrome.

Data on inefficiency in some cases or temporary positive effect of commercial probiotics led to the development of the concept of autoprobiotic therapy. According to this, the correction of disturbed microbiocenoses is carried out using autostrains of indigenous normal flora (bifidobacteria, lactobacilli and enterococci). However, publications about effectiveness of autoprobiotic therapy are few and contradictory.

The aim of the study was to investigate the biological properties and probiotic potential of intestinal lactobacilli, as well as the effectiveness of autoprobiotic therapy, based on Lactobacillus spp.

Methods. Biological properties (antibiotic resistance, hemolytic, adhesive and antagonistic activity) were studied in 159 strains of intestinal lactobacilli. Autoprobiotic therapy with sour-milk ferments based on lactobacilli autostrains was carried out in 78 patients of the of the North Caucasus Federal District (NCFD) hospitals to correct the microbiocenosis of the large intestine due to antibiotic therapy.

Results. The indigene strains of the intestinal lactobacilli of patients of NCFD hospitals are characterized by a wide spectrum of antibiotic sensitivity, lack of hemolysin production, medium adhesiveness and a high degree of antagonistic activity. Autoprobiotic therapy using Lactobacillus spp. significantly increases the amount of lactobacilli of the large intestine of patients in hospitals of the North Caucasian Federal District.

Conclusion. A high probiotic potential of the indigenous intestinal lactobacilli is identified, which makes it possible to use them as effective autoprobiotics. The effectiveness of autoprobiotics with fermented milk starters with Lactobacillus spp. has been proven to restore the normal amount of intestinal lactobacilli patients after the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics.

Various pathologies, in particular hypertension, accompany violation of the processes of free radical oxidation. The state of the system lipid peroxidation – antioxidant protection can be assessed only by a complex of biochemical methods. The chemiluminescent method is used to obtain a faster result. The method has a number of advantages: measurement of chemiluminescence parameters is carried out in natural conditions and does not require sample preparation, is highly selective, it can be used to identify the presence of free radical pathology, analysis of the intensity of lipid peroxidation processes, the effectiveness of treatment with antioxidant medicament. The aim of the research was to study the lipid peroxidation under hypertension and stress by chemiluminescence. The experiment was conducted on male rats of the ISIAH line. The experiment consisted of 2 stages: stage of alarm and stage of chronic stress. We found that, depending on the type of stress, the state of the system lipid peroxidation-antioxidant protection differed. The role of stress in violation of the processes of lipoperoxidation in hypertension was established. The efficacy of the chemiluminescence method as an alternative to a complex of biochemical methods is shown. Express assessment of pro- and antioxidant status is possible for patients with hypertension.

Background. Kidneys are extremely sensitive to various environmental factors. Stress disturbs prooxidant-antioxidant balance, causes hyperproduction of reactive oxygen species, changes activity of the nitroxidergic system components, regulating apoptosis. The use of mesenchymal stem cells can normalize functioning of damaged organs in the pathological process.

Aim: to assess the effectiveness of mesenchymal stem cells in a single 24-hour immobilization according to the dynamics of apoptosis indices in renal tissue – nitric oxide (NO) and fragmented DNA.

Materials and methods. The study included male nonlinear white rats aged 3 to 4 months and weighing 225 ± 25 grams. Experimental stress was modeled by the immobilization of animals in the fixation chambers within 24 hours. The efficacy of cell therapy was determined by the change in the concentration of the tested substances at 1, 3, 7, 14, 21 and 30 days of the experiment.

Results. There was a sharp increase in the total amount of nitrates / nitrites and the level of DNA fragmentation in the homogenates of the renal parenchyma after the action of an acute stressor, which may indicate the induction of apoptosis. It was proved that in animals, receiving mesenchymal stem cells as a treatment, the restoration of the studied parameters in the kidney tissue was significantly accelerated in comparison with the controls values.

Conclusion. Mesenchymal stem cells protect cells from self-destruction and activate reparation, which makes them promising for further study.

Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), belonging to the Flaviviridae family, is the most significant pathogen transmitted by Ixodes ticks and causing one of the most severe human neuroinfections. In Russia, serum immunoglobulin produced from the donor blood is currently used for post-exposure prophylactic and therapy of tick-borne encephalitis virus. However, it is known that preparations obtained from donated blood have certain disadvantages, and therefore development of novel preparations for post exposure prophylaxis and therapy of tick-borne encephalitis is required. To develop an alternative preparation, which does not include donor blood, a chimeric antibody ch14D5 against glycoprotein E of TBEV was constructed.

This study was aimed to investigate protective efficacy of the chimeric antibody ch14D5 against the Far-Eastern, Siberian, and European subtypes of TBEV in in vivo experiments.

A peripheral mouse model of tick-borne encephalitis was used in this study: the chimeric antibody ch14D5 was administrated intravenously in mice one day after their intraperitoneal infection with TBEV strains Sofjin, Vasilchenko, and Absettarov. Anti-TBEV serum immunoglobulin was used as a control preparation, which was administered in the same way. Protective efficacy of the chimeric antibodies 14D5 was assessed using the log-rank test. In the study, the presence or absence of antibody-dependent enhancement of infection (ADE) was examined when mice, infected with different subtypes of the TBEV, got the antibody ch14d5.

Obtained results demonstrated high efficacy of the ch14D5 antibody in post-exposure prophylaxis of the disease in mice infected with any of the used TBEV strains, as well as the absence of ADE.

It was shown that protective efficacy of antibody ch14D5 is higher than that of the anti-TBEV serum immunoglobulin, and antibody ch14D5 could be used for development of a therapeutic preparation for post-exposure prophylaxis.

Background. We studied the effect of combined application of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid concentrate, based on seals fat, with parenteral administration of brain cortex polypeptide preparation on cognitive-research reactions and adaptation of rats under experimental hyperlipidemia. The composition of the myelin sheaths of neurons is represented by a protein-lipid complex, which is a part of the cell membrane, the imbalance of which leads to a number of neurological diseases.

The aim of the study was to confirm experimentally that the combined use of drugs, based on essential polyunsaturated fatty acids and polypeptides, would influence more effectively on neurometabolic processes in neurons, compared to their application separately.

Materials and methods. Wistar rats were used. They were on a special atherogenic diet to build the model of hypercholesterolemia. The pharmacological effects of drugs were evaluated in the Open Field and Morris Water Maze tests.

Results. The study found that in rats, who received a combination of polyunsaturated fatty acids concentrate with Cortexin injections, and undergoing atherogenic diet, the overall motor activity increased significantly in the Open field test, at the same time the number of acts of defecation and grooming decreased. The Morris Water Maze test results indicated an increase in the level of spatial memory and orientation, which shows a high level of adaptability and adaptation to new conditions, a decrease in the level of anxiety.

Conclusions. The results demonstrated a more pronounced and prolonged nootropic and adaptogenic action of the complex use in comparison with the use of the studied agents as monotherapy.

Background. Treatment of residual cavities after radical surgery for bone diseases is a vital problem of modern traumatology. Currently, there is an active search for devices both for osteosynthesis and bone-substituting masses. Aims. The purpose of this work was to test a new device for osteosynthesis. It can be used both for fixing bone fragments, and for studying the morphological features of bone regenerate in experiment.

Materials and methods. A device for bone osteosynthesis of tubular bones in an experiment (Patent of the Russian Federation N 20116121487) was applied. The device consisted of two half-bushings, fastened to each other by a fierce clamp. Polypropylene was used as the material for the half-bushings, therefore no immunological reactions were observed. On the inner surface there were silicone cylinders, which directed pressure on the fragments and did not disturb the nutrition of the periosteum. The experiment was performed on Wistar rats. The surgical defect of the femur was filled with hydroxyapatite. Two groups of animals were identified. The bone in the first group was fixed by the device. The wire cerclage was used in the second group.

Results. The study showed that the developed device does not disturb the nutrition of the periosteum, and also tightly fixes the osteoplastic material in the bone defect. Histological examination showed that bone regeneration was faster when the device was used. On the 21st day of the experiment, the regenerate filled the defect in the control group by 62 %, and in the experimental group by 73 %. The regenerate was represented by a woven bone. In all animals, bone regenerate formed a strong osteo-integrative connection with the maternal bone. In both groups, it looked like a mature bone tissue at the end of the experiment (28 days).

Conclusion. The data indicate that the device does not disturb the processes of bone formation and allows for more efficient use osteoplastic material.

The search for new types of bone substitutes is one of the topical problems of biology and medicine. The paper considered the role of fibrous autograft in reparative bone regeneration in the rat’s lower jaw model. Thirty Wistar rats were taken in the experiment: 15 in the experimental and 15 in the control group. Fibrous autograft was formed on the cellophane basis under the skin on the back of rats. Injury in the lower jaw with a diameter of 2 mm was formed and a fibrous graft was placed in injuries in the experimental group. Five animals from each groups were sacrificed at the first, third and fifth weeks of the experiment. The object of the further research was the samples of the lower jaws stained according to Van Gieson. Histological examination of the bone defect of the experimental group after 1 week showed absence of bone fragments and formation of fibrous callosity in the trauma zone. Further study of regenerate at the 3rd and the 5th weeks showed accelerated bone wound healing in the experimental group (compared to the control group). Thus, the autograft stimulates the process of bone tissue restoration in the area of the defect of the lower jaw model.

Ilyina Svetlana Vladimirovna (1962–2019).