Background. Pregnancy with a retrochorial hematoma in a third of cases ends prematurely. Detection of early markers of pregnancy loss is extremely necessary for the prevention and therapy of miscarriage.

Aims. The aim of the study is development and pathogenetically substantiation a new diagnostic algorithm in the formation of retrochorial hematoma in the first trimester of pregnancy.

Materials and methods. A prospective study of women of reproductive age with retrochorial hematoma applied at the gestational age of 6–12 weeks was performed. A study was made of polymorphic variants of genes of hemostasis system; the folate cycle by polymerase chain reaction. The level of embryotropic antibodies was determined by the ELI-P-Complex-12 system test. The course of pregnancy and delivery was monitored.

Results. The study involved 113 women. There was no correlation between the isolated carrier of polymorphisms and an increased risk of pregnancy loss (p ˃ 0.05). Polymorphic variants of genes of hemostasis system; the folate cycle in combination with an increase in the level of rheumatoid factor or autoantibodies to thyroglobulin have a relationship with the risk of miscarriage (р ˂ 0.05).

Conclusion. Polymorphic variants of genes of hemostasis system; the folate cycle in combination with an increase in the level of rheumatoid factor or autoantibodies to thyroglobulin are predictors of an unfavorable outcome of pregnancy. Therefore; the definition of these markers can be used for individualization of the survey; treatment at the precognitive stage and during pregnancy.

The aim of the review is to analyze literature data about sleep homeostasis and the role of the one of circadian system key elements – melatonin – in the regulation of the sleep-wake cycle in women in menopause. It was shown that the prevalence and structure of sleep disorders depends on the menopausal phase. It was revealed that the melatonin content in the body, determined in various biological media (blood, saliva, urine), depends on age, sex, race, and chronotype. It was shown that morning melatonin can be used as a biological marker for determining the chronotype. Most studies indicated a decrease in melatonin level with aging. Moreover, women have lower melatonin level than men. In case of insomnia, lower melatonin level was found, although the results of the studies are ambiguous. The shift in the peak of hormone secretion in the early morning hours was described in menopausal women. Also, the dependence of melatonin circadian rhythm on the menopausal phase was revealed, which determines different approaches to insomnia therapy. We revealed the association of melatonin secretion circadian rhythms with Clock 3111T/C gene polymorphism in Caucasian patients with insomnia, which allows considering 3111T allele as risky in the formation of melatonin circadian rhythm disturbances in these patients.

Background. A socially significant order for the training of foreign specialists, including the promotion of Russian education on the international market, certainly requires the organization of the process of students’ adaptation to the educational and information environment of the university. Particular attention deserves the components of the lipid profile, which are part of the overall adaptation syndrome.

Aim: to study the features of the lipid profile in foreign students studying at the Irkutsk State Medical University.

Methods. In total, 100 students of the medical profile of the Irkutsk State Medical University were enrolled in full-time study: 58 students (36 males and 22 females) were students of Russian nationality and 42 students (32 males and 11 females) – Indian students. Levels of lipid status indicators were determined with the help of Cormay kits on the automatic analyzer BTS-330 using the photometry method.

Results. Hindu young men had statistically significantly higher values of triacylglycerols, very low-density lipoproteins and lower levels of high-density lipoproteins in comparison with young Russians. In the groups of girls of Indian origin, the changes concerned increased levels of triacylglycerols and very low-density lipoproteins in comparison with Russians. Gender differences were found only among Russian students – in the form of increased values of cholesterol and low-density lipoproteins in the group of girls compared to boys.

Conclusion. The established functional changes in lipid metabolism in foreign students characterize the stress of the adaptive resources of the body, which, probably, can be due to the irrationality of nutrition.

Background. Little is known about the effect of statins addition to standard antihypertensive therapy on blood pressure level and vascular stiffness in high-risk hypertensive patients.

The aim of the study was to assess the dynamics of vascular stiffness in hypertensive patients of high or very high cardiovascular risk under the influence of rosuvastatin addition to combined two-component amlodipine and lisinopril antihypertensive therapy.

Materials and methods. We investigated 60 hypertensive patients who were randomized into two groups: the 1st group received a fixed amlodipine/lisinopril combination, the 2nd one followed the same regimen of therapy with addition of 20 mg rosuvastatin. Mean office and ambulatory blood pressure as well as central aortic blood pressure and pulse wave velocity were evaluated in both groups before and after 24-week follow-up period.

Results. At end of follow-up period the office and average daily blood pressure significantly decreased in both groups, with more prominent office diastolic blood pressure decline in the 2nd one. The central aortic blood pressure equally decreased in both groups. The augmentation index significantly reduced in both groups, mostly in the 2nd one. The carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity declined in both groups to the same extent. The carotid-radial pulse wave velocity decreased statistically only in the second group.

Conclusions. Addition of rosuvastatin to a fixed amlodipine/lisinopril combination in high/very high cardiovascular risk hypertensive patients was accompanied by more pronounced decline of diastolic blood pressure and augmentation index, as well as significantly reduction of pulse wave velocity.

Background. CRISPR/Cas systems loci are one of the functionally important patterns in bacterial genome which perform the role of “adaptive immune defense” from foreign nucleic acids. The study of CRISPR/Cas systems structure in genomes of plasmids and phages provide new information about the evolution of this systems in bacterial hosts.

Aims. A search of CRISPR/Cas systems structures in pCT281 plasmid from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. chinensis strain CT-43 using bioinformatic methods.

Materials and methods. Search studies using bioinformatics methods were performed with the genome of pCT281 plasmid of B. thuringiensis subsp. chinensis strain CT-43 from the RefSeq database. To search for the CRISPR/Cas system structure MacSyFinder (ver. 1.0.5) and three combined algorithms were used: CRISPRFinder; PILER-CR; CRISPR Recognition Tool (CRT). The consensus repeat sequence was generated in WebLogo 3.

Results and discussion. In pCT281 plasmid we detected one locus of CRISPR/Cas system of the type I-C which contains 2 CRISPR-cassettes and 4 cas-genes located between them. The CRISPR-cassette 1 includes 10 spacers from 32 to 35 bp and 11 repeats 32bp in length. 5 spacers (33–35 bp) separated by 6 repeats 32 bp in length were detected in the CRISPR-cassette 2.

Conclusions. The bioinformatic methods used in this study enable to conduct a search of CRISPR/Cas systems structures in plasmid genomes. The presence of the CRISPR-Cas locus in pCT281 plasmid confirms a possible transfer of this system from the nucleoid to this plasmid. The detected spacers provide information about phages this bacteria was encountered.

Background. Genotypes of the cytochrome p450 isoform (CYP2C9 and CYP4F2) determine warfarin dose requirements. Frequencies of risk alleles and genotypes of CYP2C9 and CYP4F2 gene vary in different races and ethnic groups.

Aim. This study analyzed the frequencies of *2, *3 alleles of CYP2C9 gene and the 1347 C>T allele of CYP4F2 gene in the Caucasians of Eastern Siberia, and compare with other populations.

Materials and methods. Participants were 147 patients (Caucasians): 67 (45.58 %) man and 80 (54.42 %) women), taking warfarin for the prevention of thrombosis with a mean age of 64.74 ± 14.29 years. There were patients with atrial fibrillation – 77 (52.38 %) persons, coronary artery disease – 10 (6.80 %), pulmonary embolism – 5 (3.40 %), 15 (10.20 %) patients after implantation of an mechanical heart valve, etc. The subjects were genotyped for CYP2C9 (*1,*2,*3), and CYP4F2 (1347 C>T) by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using “Pharmacogenetics Warfarin” reagent kits (DNA technology, Russia).

Results. 69.4 % of Caucasians of Eastern Siberia (Russians), have two functional alleles (*1/*1) of CYP2C9 (they’re extensive/normal metabolizers), the number of intermediate metabolizers (*1/*2, *1/*3) was 29.8 % and 0.68 % of slow metabolizers (*3/*3). Homozygous carriers of two non-functional alleles *2 and *3 (*2/*2, *2/*3) were absent. Carriers of one coumarin-resistant Т-allele of CYP4F2 were 57 (38.7 %) respondents, two coumarin-resistant alleles – 10 (6.8 %) respondents.

Conclusions. Frequencies of polymorphisms in the Cytochrome’s p450 genes of warfarin transformation in a European population of Eastern Siberia have no differences with other European populations of the world

The emergence of resistance among the most important bacterial pathogens is generally recognized as one of the major public health problems. The most important of these organisms are penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae, vancomycin-resistant enterococci and methicillin- and vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. These antibiotic resistance in common pathogens have made antimicrobial therapy of many infections. Scientists need to look for new ways of treating bacterial infections in the work, using the developed algorithm from the methods of search software in the genomic structure of Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus ST228, the CRISPR/Cas locus and the division structures of its CRISPR cassette. The results of the bacteriophage search through the decoded spacer sequences of CRISPR-cassettes of this strain were also obtained using the developed algorithm of the software methods of bioinformatics. It was determined that the CRISPR/Cas system of strain of ST228 of S. aureus was of type IIIA. It is shown that cas-genes are in the immediate vicinity of CRISPR cassettes. The spacer structures in the detected CRISPR cassette are the Staphylococcus, Mycobacterium, Streptococcus, Bacillus, Gordonia, Arthrobacter, Streptomyces. The implementation of the algorithm of program methods for locating CRISPR/Cas-loci can be applied to many other decoded bacterial genomes to return bacteriophage therapy.

Background. Pseudotuberculosis is still relevant problem in medical science and public health of Russia and other countries. Typing of Y. рseudotuberculosis strains by their CRISPR systems is a perspective tool for monitoring of Yersinia populations as was shown in Y. pestis.

Aims. Here we describe and compare CRISPR-Cas systems of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis strains IP32953 and IP31758 causing classic pseudotuberculosis and Far-East scarlet-like fever (FESLF) respectively.

Materials and methods. Complete genomes of Y. pseudotuberculosis IP329353 and IP31758 (NC_006155 and NC_009708 respectively) were obtained from NCBI Nucleotide Database. Search; identification; and analysis of CRISPR systems were carried out by online-tools CRISPROne; CRISPRDetect; and CRISPRTarget.

Results and discussion. Analyzed strains have CRISPR-Cas systems that include one set of cas-genes and arrays situated at the long distances from each other. We defined three CRISPR arrays in Y. pseudotuberculosis IP32953 by the combination of program methods. CRISPR-Cas system of this strain consist of array YP1 located near cas-genes; arrays YP2 and YP3. CRISPR-Cas system of Y. pseudotuberculosis IP31758 includes two arrays – YP1 and YP3. CRISPR systems do not share similar spacers. CRISPR systems of the analyzed strains differ in CRISPR loci and cas-protein structures that can be used as specific marks of analyzed strains.

Conclusions. We suggest that acquisition of certain spacers may play a role in evolution and divergence of Y. pseudotuberculosis strains.

Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID) are one of the most common problems in children of the first year of life. The aim of the study was to assess the pathogenic potential of Klebsiella spp. strains, isolated from the colon in children of the first year of life with FGID. Material for the study included 61 coprological samples. The biological material was divided into comparison groups, depending on the type of Klebsiella excreted at a concentration of 105–108 CFU/g: 1st – with vegetation in the colon K. pneumoniae (n = 30); 2nd – with vegetation K. oxytoca (n = 31). Bacteriological study composition of the intestinal contents was carried out according to the Industry standard “Protocol of management of patients. Intestinal dysbiosis” (2003). Identification was carried out according to generally accepted schemes using commercial test systems for biochemical identification of bacteria. Statistical data processing was performed using licensed applications “MS Office Excel 2003 for Windows 7”. The data on the quantitative and qualitative changes in the composition microbiota in the comparison groups were obtained. The results of detection genetic determinants of pathogenicity in the samples of Klebsiella of two species show that among the strains of Klebsiella spp., vegetating in the intestines of children as a component of an allochthonous microbiota, a sufficiently high and virulent potential can be concentrated. Detection of pathogenicity genes in bacteria of the genus Klebsiella will expand and deepen the problem of finding the structures of adaptation of strains of bacteria that cause FGID in children of the first year of life.

The article presents clinical profile of patients with cervical osteochondrosis and cervicobrachial syndrome, results of cliniconeurological examination including X-ray diagnostics (plain frontal and lateral radiography of cervical spine, functional tests, frontal and lateral X-ray imaging of large joints of upper limbs), MRI of cervical spine, stimulation electroneuromyography and osteodensimetry. Statistical processing with definition of nonparametric test and correlation coefficient was performed using SPSS 22.0.0 software. Pearson and Spearman nonparametric tests were used for correlation analysis. Examination of patients with cervicobrachial syndrome revealed that bone tissue condition of a limb with pain syndrome slightly differs from the bone tissue condition of a healthy limb and is within normal range. Neuromyography showed that abnormality of a functional condition of studied nerves of upper limbs was not pronounced and was registered on both limbs. As a result of our research we can suppose that asymmetric abnormal focus inhibits peripheral and central chains of locomotor system both on injured and healthy limbs. Differences in functional condition of peripheral nerves of upper limbs in patients with cervicobrachial syndrome and healthy people are statistically significant and allow us to consider them as a sign of decompensation which prevent healthy performance.

At present, significant advances have been made in the surgical and conservative treatment of glaucoma. However, in patients with a prolonged course of the disease, even against the background of normalized intraocular pressure, progressive deterioration of visual functions occurs with the transition of the disease to a more severe stage. Effects directed solely at lowering the intraocular pressure are not able to fully ensure the preservation of visual functions, so its normalization cannot ensure the stabilization of the glaucoma process. Dysfunction of the nervous system and vascular disorders play a significant role in the pathogenesis of glaucoma. In this regard, the treatment of this disease should be comprehensive and include neuroprotective therapy aimed at correction of metabolic disorders that occur in glaucoma in the optic nerve head, improvement of local microcirculation and trophism of tissues, normalization the rheological properties of the blood. Conventional conservative therapy does not provide adequate blood supply to the optic nerve and prevent the deterioration of visual functions in more than half of patients. The purpose of this study was to study the effectiveness of reflexotherapy in patients with glaucoma after surgery and normalization of intraocular pressure. In the study, 18 patients with a diagnosis of primary open-angle glaucoma were treated. It has been established that reflexotherapy improves significantly the functions of the visual system and the general condition, normalizes arterial pressure and psycho-emotional state of patients.

The central nervous system injuries are a common neonatal pathology, hypoxia being one of the main causes of cerebral dysfunction. The purpose of this study was studying the incidence of hypoxic cerebral disorders in premature infants with an extremely low body weight and a very low birth weight and revealing the risk factors that adversely affected the disease outcome. The subject of the study was preterm infants whose gestational age did not exceed 31 weeks. The main criterion for inclusion into the study was the presence of hypoxic-ischemic and hypoxic-hemorrhagic brain damage. To reveal the perinatal risk factors, the somatic health of mothers, and pregnancy and childbirth peculiarities were studied. The structure of children’s pathology and intensive care techniques were analyzed. Cerebral disorders were verified in 42 out of 176 patients (23.5 %). 2–3rd-degree intraventricular hemorrhage was diagnosed in 34 newborns (80.9 %), severe ischemia in 8 children (19.1 %). To determine the structure of the disease outcome, all children were divided into deceased and survivors. A fatal outcome was observed in 14 cases (33.3 %). The mothers of deceased children were more likely to have obstetric and concomitant extragenital pathologies. Analysis of pediatric pathology showed that the hemodynamically significant functioning arterial duct and severe asphyxia in childbirth were much more frequent in deceased children. Intensive therapy of deceased children included «hard» parameters of artificial ventilation and high doses of cardiotonic drugs. Thus the presented risk factors can be considered as predictors of an unfavorable outcome in children with this pathology.

Background. Immune thrombocytopenia in children is not a rare disease. Currently, this diagnosis is found in 2 times more often than 5-10 years ago. Acute immune thrombocytopenia is increasingly taking on a chronic course. Aims. At present, it is impossible to predict the outcome of the disease. But the chronic course of the disease significantly reduces the quality of life of children and their parents. The purpose of the study is to determine the likely causes of the development and chronicity of the disease. Materials and Methods. A retrospective analysis of 433 case histories of the cancer department of the Regional Children’s Hospital in Irkutsk was conducted. Statistical processing of the received data was carried out with the help of the Matlab program and statistical package “Statistica 6.0”. Results. The main trigger factor is ARVI and vaccination against poliomyelitis. Sensitization to herpes viruses can be a provoking factor in the development of the disease when re-encountering the virus. The brighter the clinic, the more children receive immunoglobulin treatment and the disease often ends with complete recovery. Children with minimal clinical manifestations are treated with hormones and more often the disease passes into a chronic form. Conclusion. If the child is discharged from the hospital with only a clinical improvement, then there is a greater likelihood of a chronic process.

Degenerative and dystrophic diseases of the spine, pelvis and hip joints are considered as a single pathogenetically conditioned process with an interdependent condition. The significance of the problem is determined by the high incidence of spinal and hip dysplasia, the syndrome of mutual burdening, the diversity and polymorphism of clinical manifestations, the growth of disability, the difficulties of diagnosis and treatment. Questions remain about the root cause of the occurrence of combined lesions, their mutual influence. The aim of the work was to identify the most common, diagnostic, pathognomonic signs of dysplastic syndrome. The patients were examined according to a single diagnostic algorithm, including clinical and neurological examination, plain radiograph of the pelvis; spondylography, MSCT, MRI of the lumbar and lumbosacral spine; study of the locomotion act of walking, anthropometric measurements; statistical methods. We analyzed the results of treatment of 39 patients (26 women and 13 men; mean age – 53 years) with dysplastic syndrome including degenerative-dystrophic changes in the spine, pelvis and hip joints. The most common diagnostic signs of combined degenerative-dystrophic diseases of the spine and pelvis have been established, among which pain syndrome, noted in varying degrees in all patients. The established diagnostic indices, supplementing existing knowledge of the problem studied, will allow to specify diagnostics and optimize the treatment of combined degenerative-dystrophic diseases of dysplastic genesis.

Background. Evidence of the effect of sex on the pharmacokinetics of drugs and, accordingly, on the clinical response is significantly accumulated, because of a growing number of clinical studies of the early development of original drugs, which include female subjects. The number of bioequivalence studies of replicated drugs involving both sexes is also growing. Of particular importance for the bioavailability of oral medications are differences in the anatomy and physiology of the digestive system. Along with this factor, the differences may be due to the dosage form of the reproduced drug, which may differ from that of the reference (original). The aim of the study was to identify the effect of sex differences on the pharmacokinetics of drugs and to propose an algorithm for assessing their detection. Materials and methods. The article presents a general analysis of the works devoted to the pharmacokinetics of medicines in men and women and includes literature data. Results. The main factors influencing the pharmacokinetics of drugs (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion) are identified. Examples of medicinal products for which differences in pharmacokinetics in men and women are revealed are given. The article describes the main international requirements for conducting clinical trials and bioequivalence studies with regard to the choice of gender of subjects and their number to be included in the clinical study. It is suggested that there is a need to further study of the effect of sex differences on bioequivalence results in carrying out relevant studies. Conclusion. An algorithm for estimating the detection of sex differences and their effect on the results of bioequivalence studies of generic drugs is proposed.

The approaches to bioanalytical method development for determination of substances which contain unstable functional groups in the structure are described. The oxidation and the hydrolysis are main causes of the decomposition of substances in biological fluids. Phenolic hydroxyls contain drugs were selected as examples of oxidable compounds, glucuronides of drugs were selected as examples of hydrolysable compounds. Determination of mycophenolic acid, which contains one phenolic hydroxyl and metabolized by formation of glucuronides, in plasma was performed using high performance liquid chromatography with mass-spectrometry and tandem mass-spectrometry detection. Methyldopa, which contains two phenolic hydroxyls, in stabilized plasma was assayed by high performance liquid chromatography – tandem mass-spectrometry in the range of 0.02–3.00 μg/ml. Concentrations of desmethyl mebeverine acid, which contains in the structure one phenolic hydroxyl and metabolized by formation of phenolic glucuronide, was measured simultaneously with mebeverine acid in the range of 10–2000 ng/ml. The influence of the ion source conversion of glucuronides on the quantitative determination of the substances was studied in the initial part of methods development. The next, selection of anticoagulants based on the study of short-term stability and freeze/thaw stability of the analytes and back conversion of their glucuronides was performed. The combination of anticoagulant K3EDTA and the antioxidant solution containing a mixture of ascorbic acid, sodium sulfite and sodium hydrogen carbonate in the concentrations of 5.0 %, 0.2 % and 2.4 %, respectively, was used to prevent degradation of methyldopa.

Strictures of the bulbous-membranous urethra are a common cause of obstructive urination disorder. Modern trends in the development of medicine lead to a wider application of endoscopic method, a more frequent cause of iatrogenic injury of the urethra. At present, conservative, endourologic and reconstructive methods of care are used to treat urethral strictures. There are several conservative, endourological and reconstructive methods for treating patients with urethral stricture. Conservative methods include interventions that do not involve the destruction of urethral stricture or its reconstruction, such as stenting, blind dilatation, and recanalization of the urethra. Performing blind dilatation strictures of the bulbo-membranous urethra is not recommended because of the high risk of false path formation and low efficiency. Endourological operations refer to surgical methods of care and suggest the natural restoration of urethral tissues after the destruction of stricture. Because of the low effectiveness of correction of strictures of the posterior urethra (more than 90 % of relapses in five years), this method is a variant of temporary or palliative care. Currently, two approaches to the reconstruction of the bulbo-membranous urethra are used: anastomotic and replacement operations. Anastomotic surgery involves excision of the affected area and juxtaposition of healthy urethral tissues without tension. Replacement plastic allows to restore patency of the urethra by increasing the diameter of the lumen due to the implantation of various grafts. The article shows that, based on international clinical studies, the most effective method of reconstructing the bulbomembranous urethra is reconstructive surgical methods.

At present, influence of weak magnetic fields associated with solar and geomagnetic activity on biological systems is gaining more interest. Taking into account the accumulated data on the influence of geomagnetic storms on different biological levels, it is obvious that the mechanism of influence is universal. One of the approaches in this search may be the study of patterns and differences in the response to geomagnetic storms of various biological objects. As a research material served: data on the number of ambulance calls in the city of Irkutsk for acute myocardial infarction, cerebral infarction; results of retrospective analysis of the number of spontaneous parturition of the city of Irkutsk; data on the motion activity of fruit fly Drosophyla melanogaster, obtained by automated monitoring. The investigated indicators were compared with the parameters of geomagnetic activity at different time scales. As indicators of geomagnetic storms, three-hour (ap) and daily (Ap) equal to the average amplitude of variation of the geomagnetic field of the Earth. In the case of comparing the motion activity of fruit flies with magnetic storms, the local companions of the Earth’s magnetic field were additionally considered according to the data of the Irkutsk magnetic observatory. As a result of the conducted studies it was established that the detected response of biological systems depends on the characteristics of the state of the Earth’s magnetic field, which falls on the period of passage of magnetic storms. The obtained data also indicate possible gender differences in the response to the effects of the geomagnetic factor by organisms of different levels.

The creation of immuno-biological drugs to increase the effectiveness of specific immunotherapy and immunoprophylaxis is a current trend in medicine to date. Therefore, the search and development of new safe and effective artificial bioorganic complexes (immunomodulators) capable of stimulating individual responses of immune system to reduce infectious morbidity is an important area of research. At the moment, such promising preparations can be considered water-soluble polymeric materials and organo-inorganic polymer nanocomposites with nanoparticles of various metals which possess immunomodulating and bactericidal properties. The study results of the effects of 1-vinyl-1,2,4-triazole copolymer with N-vinylpyrrolidone and nanocomposites based on it with gold and silver nanoparticles on acute toxicity and functional state of immunophagocytic cells of experimental animals, as well as the production of IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-4 by human blood lymphocytes are represented in this article. It was established that the tested preparations do not cause increase in body temperature, decrease in mass and death of animals. It was shown that they also have the multidirectional action on cytokine production by human blood cells in vitro, the ability to increase activity of оxidative stress-related enzymes and antioxidant protection of phagocytes. The data obtained by us allow to explain the need for further investigation of the actions of nanocomposites and copolymer in vitro and in vivo.

Regeneration of muscles after injuries, as well as the development of methods that stimulate this process, is an important problem in medicine and biology. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of local blocking of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activity of the JNK group (c-Jun N-terminal kinase) on the repair of muscle tissue. Materials and methods. The effect of the JNK MAPK SP600125 blocker on the repair of muscle tissue was studied on a model of a skin and muscle wound in Wistar rats. The main group (n = 30) was injected with a drug plate containing SP600125 with a slow release of the active substance, the control group (n = 30) – the plate without the active substance. The number of dividing myosatellites and muscle kidneys in the damage zone was estimated. Results. Experimental studies have shown that when using a drug plate containing a JNK SP600125 blocker with a slow release of the active substance, the number of dividing myosatellites and forming muscle kidneys in the injury zone of the muscle in the main group on the 7th, 14th and 30th days was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than in the control. Conclusion. Local blockade of JNK MAPK in the zone of muscle damage provides the ability to stimulate the repair of damaged skeletal muscle.

Background. In the regions of the Russian Federation (RF), papillomavirus infection in women of reproductive age is characterized by different frequency of occurrence from 13 to 68.4 %. Aims: to establish the frequency of detection of human papilloma virus in Irkutsk, according to the data of circulation.
Materials and methods. The article presents the results of the medical examination of residents of Irkutsk on the presence DNA of human papilloma virus. We analyzed the results of laboratory studies of patients who from 2014 to 2016 turned to the medical institution for the diagnosis of human papilloma virus. For the period surveyed was 13 090 man, age from 18 to 67 years, including 11 174 women and 1 916 male. The diagnosis of HPV was carried out by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
Results. It was found the frequency of HPV in Irkutsk in the general population is 21.1 %, among women – 21.9 %, among male – 16.4 %. It was shown that the frequency of detection of papillomavirus infection in the sample of women was significantly higher than in the sample of men (p < 0.001).
Conclusions: It was shown that the frequency of HPV is 21.1 % the frequency of detection of the pathogen of papillomavirus infection in the sample of women was significantly higher (p < 0.001) than in the sample of male.

From all group of infectious pathology viral hepatitises, from which the most priority are the parenteral hepatitises B and С, are essential for health of mankind, also the Irkutsk region isn’t an exception.
The aim of the study: to assess an epidemiological situation in sharp and chronic forms of the viral hepatitises B and С in the territory of the Irkutsk region for the long-term period.
Materials and methods. The retrospective analysis of an epidemiological situation on viral hepatitises B and C in Russia, Siberian Federal District and in the Irkutsk region for 2008–2016 is carried out.
Results. The expressed decrease in incidence of acute viral hepatitis B is noted, at a chronic form of this disease rates of decrease had less expressed character that can be connected with carrying out by mass vaccinal prevention. The carried-out ranged distribution of territories for all forms of viral hepatitis B and viral hepatitis C in the Irkutsk region has allowed to reveal territories of risk.
Conclusion. Parenteral viral hepatitises (sharp and chronic forms) are widespread in the territory of the Irkutsk region. From 43 administrative territories of the area, 24 belong to unsuccessful on incidences from which five are to territories of high epidemiological risk: cities of Irkutsk, Angarsk and Ust-Ilimsk and also Katangsky and Shelekhovsky districts.

Background. The Far East is the territory with high rate of incidence and prevalence of tuberculosis. Cases of tuberculosis caused by epidemic strains have high frequency of MDR and XDR. It is important to study the prevalence of TB in areas with a high burden of infection, to which the Far East belongs. The aim of the research is to carry out genotyping of strains and assess the prevalence of CC1 and CC2 subtypes in the territory of Primorsky Krai.
Materials and methods. The DNAs of 99 clinical isolates of MBT from Primorsky Krai have been genotyped by the 24-locus MIRU-VNTR and RD105/RD207.
Results. The dominant number of strains pertained to Beijing genotype (59.6 %). The express method revealed 22 isolates of the CC2/W148 subtype, which had 6 different MIRU-VNTR-24 profile. According to MLVA classification MtbC 15-9, the most common among the isolates of CC2/W148 profile is 100-32 (59.1 %). Among these profiles the highest frequency of MDR/XDR was recorded – 69,2 %. According to the results of the express analysis, 39 isolates with 26 different MIRU-VNTR-24 profiles belonged to the CC1 subtype, of which the dominant number belonged to 99-32 and 94-32.
Conclusions. The methods of express genotyping of epidemic subtypes of the Beijing genotype are very important for epidemiological surveillance and clinical practice. The developed methods allow to define a wider range of strains than previously used methods.

This article presents the experience of surgical treatment of rare pathology of the upper limb – pseudoarthrosis of the middle third of the diaphysis of the radius, defect pseudoarthrosis of the upper and middle third of the ulnar diaphysis. The definition and compilation of an accurate model and treatment tactics are critical to restoring the anatomy and function of the injured upper limb. The rarity of this case was the size of the ulna defect, which was up to 4.0 cm, the scarring and cicatricial changes in the soft tissues and muscles of the right forearm, due to the severity of the injury and the multitude of surgical interventions on the right forearm. The chosen treatment tactics consisted of several successive stages: resection of the zone of false joint of the right radial bone, combined transosseous osteosynthesis of the right radius bone, resection of the false elbow joint of the right ulna with replacement of the defect with autograft from the lower third of the fibula, combined strained osteosynthesis and transosseous osteosynthesis by external fixation apparatus with rod configuration of the right ulna. The results of surgical treatment of false joints depend on the determination of the correct indications for a certain type of surgical intervention and the competent implementation of the planned treatment plan. The chosen treatment tactics allowed us to successfully restore the anatomy and function of the damaged segment, thus rehabilitating the patient.

Serosurveys for IgG antibodies to Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto in a population exposed to tick bites (n = 247) and blood donors (n = 114) were done to assess the prevalence of tick-borne infections in. Seroprevalence of antiborrelial IgG antibodies was estimated in 0.6–7.2 % and 0 % of risk population and blood donors, respectively. While previous expositions to A. phagocytophilum (7.2 %), E. chaffensis (3.6 %) and B. microti (11.5 %) were serologically detected. These reports suggest the presence of tick-borne pathogens in Cuba, nonetheless lacking of further accurate information strongly calls to the need of more deeply studies. Cuba