Association of blood pressure response during exercise of cardiometabolic risk factors (CMRF) is demonstrated in adults. The objective was to determine predictors of raised exercise blood pressure (BP) response during aerobic exercise in obese adolescents. The maximal treadmill test using the Bruce protocol was performed in 82 normotensive obese adolescents (12-17 y.o., 43 boys). Adolescents were divided into 2 groups: group 1 (n = 68) - children with normal BP response to exercise; group 2 (n = 14) - adolescents who had excessive increase in systolic BP (SBP) during exercise. We used logistic regression analysis to examine the associations between cardiometabolic risk factors (CMRF) and SBP response during exercise with adjustment for baseline SBP, sex, age and duration of exercise test period. We have found exaggerated BP response to exercise in 17.1 % of patients. In adolescents of group 2 baseline SBP was higher than in group 1 (p = 0.01). Glucose level and lipid metabolism disturbances, SDS Z-score, baseline SBP levels only by 24.8 % explained the formation of the hyperreactive SBP response to exercise (χ2 = 13.2; р = 0.068). Only baseline SBP was an independent predictor for exaggerated BP response (p = 0.025) and age was a significant trend towards influence (p = 0.054). Exaggerated BP response to exercise in normotensive obese adolescents is more common for older adolescents who have baseline SBP levels in the range of elevated normal values. Knowing CMRF as well as the degree of excess weight has no effect on excessive BP rise during exercise.

We studied the effect of furosemide application at the pre-hospital stage on survival rate and mortality risk in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. It was found that out of 665 patients admitted to intensive care units, 90 have been diagnosed with acute respiratory distress syndrome, of which 75 have noted decreased preload. Those patients were divided into two groups: group 1 (n = 28) received furosemide on the first day, group 2 (n = 47) did not receive furosemide. The patients of both groups matched by age, the severity of the condition and the severity of organ dysfunction. The 10-day survival rate in the patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome and reduced preload received furosemide at the pre-hospital stage made 11 % and was significantly lower than in the patients without furosemide - 43 % (p = 0.031). The frequency of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome in group 1 the was statistically higher than in patients without furosemide (93 % and 75 % respectively; p = 0.048). Furosemide administration in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome and reduced preload 1.8 times increases the relative mortality risk (p = 0.032).

Diseases caused by disturbance of endogenous and exogenous pancreatic functions (endocrine function - diabetes mellitus (DM) and exocrine function - chronic pancreatitis (CP)), are widely distributed in the world due to alcohol abuse, unhealthy lifestyle and negative influence of the environment. These pathologies often associate with abnormal liver functions. The goal of the study was to explore the features of the liver enzymes in 47 patients with a diagnosis of DM and CP. We revealed increase in the content of liver enzymes (aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl transferase) in disturbance of pancreatic endocrine function. This dysfunction may be caused by hepatitis B and C, and fatty liver disease. Concentration of liver enzymes in the blood of individuals with hepatitis B and C was also increased. Levels of liver enzymes in patients with exocrine pathology ranged in the reference values. The reason could be the remission of CP in the examined patients. These studies require involvement of larger number of patients with the remission of the disease, and a new group of patients with CP exacerbation stage. Also additional functional and biochemical studies are necessary to identify the diagnosis of fatty liver.

The article is devoted to one of actual problems of gastroenterology - study of microbiocenosis of gastrointestinal tract in functional disorders. Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID) or minimal dysfunctions of digestion are frequent in the first months of child's life and provoke anxiety both in parents and in pediatricians. Aim: to explore the microbial landscape and the associative structure of the microbiota of the large intestine in children with functional disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. Subjects and methods: Intestinal microbiota composition of 225 children with functional gastrointestinal disorders and 100 healthy children was studied using bacteriological method. Results. The 88.4 % frequency of detection of intestinal eubiosis disorders is discussed. Information is provided on the species composition of the major opportunistic organisms that inhabit this biotope. According to the results, decrease of bifidobacteria amount in structure of large intestine microbiota increases rate of detection of opportunistic microorganisms - predominantly, Klebsiella genus bacteria and Staphylococcus aureus. The intestinal microbial community is dominated by multicomponent transient association. The frequency of detection of pathogenic Staphylococcus in children under one year is discussed in detail. Conclusions. A distinctive feature of the intestinal biocenosis microecological status is significantly greater spread of enterococci than in healthy children, which can be a risk for the emergence of strains with the presence of a number of pathogenecity factors that cause infectious processes.

The frequency of dental diseases among children and teenagers is increasing. The development of diseases is influenced by both local and general factors. The common factors include somatic diseases, in this case that is arterial hypertension. Having examined the children and teenagers with arterial hypertension, we identified the degree of caries and diseases of parodont, evaluated oral health status. We have not revealed changes in the latter. Thefirst expressed manifestations of periodontal tissues diseases were identified in the groups with arterial hypertension. Activity of caries process indicated higher rates in the groups with arterial hypertension. With age, the frequency and intensity of these diseases increase.

The article deals with the informative content of spectral analysis of heart rate variability in the assessment of the regulatory impacts on the systemic hemodynamics during orthostatic test. It was observed that the patients who suffer from neurogenic syncope already at a young age had had a decrease in low frequency oscillations, as well as a decrease in peripheral vascular resistance during the test. It allows us to make a conclusion about the sympathetic vasomotor regulation dysfunction, even before the symptoms of orthostatic hypotension were evident. The decrease in the tonic vagal effect which follows from the depression of high-frequency oscillations, makes for increasing the chronotropic function of the heart and keeps a relative sympathetic predominance in order to maintain adequate level of blood pressure.

The article presents the data of the randomized clinical trial of 80 young patients with destructive pulmonary tuberculosis for various methods of TB drugs injection. Particular attention is paid to the role of parenteral drug delivery. The work demonstrated that newly diagnosed patients with destructive pulmonary tuberculosis of younger age the most optimal and effective is parenteral injection of injectable forms of TB drugs, allowing to halt bacterioexcretion for 3 months in 92.5 % of cases and to close cavities in the lungs in 80 %. In newly diagnosed patients with destructive pulmonary tuberculosis of young age oral use of tablets and of TB drugs is not effective enough, allowing to achieve 3 months cessation of bacterial isolation in 85.2 % of cases and to close cavities in the lungs in 42.5 %. Undesirable side reactions to parenteral administration of injectable forms of TB drugs were detected in 17.5 % of patients and to separate oral tablet forms - in 20 %, fatal reactions were observed in 5 % of cases of drug delivery regardless of method.

The aim of the research was to explore range of skin and mucous membrane pathology in patients with HIV infection in Sverdlovsk region, assess the impact on it the severity of immunodeficiency, systemic receiving antiretroviral drugs. The study included 459 patients with HIV infection. The patients were divided into two groups: Group 1 (core) - patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART), 133 people, group 2 (control group) - 326 HIV-persons who are not receiving ART. The control group is represented by two subgroups: 2A - patients with a level of CD4+ T-lymphocyte cells > 350/ßl (153 patients) and 2B -173 HIV-positive with the amount of CD4+ cells less than 350/ßl. Among HIV-infected patients not receiving ART, with the level of CD4+ T-cells below 350 cells/ßl were significantly more lesions detected candida, hairy leukoplakia tongue (p < 0,01), seborrheic dermatitis, psoriasis (p < 0.05), when CD4+ > 350 cells/ßl - skin xerosis (p < 0,05). On the background of the systematic intake of antiretroviral drugs we detected reduced frequency of candidiasis (from 21.5 % to 6.8 %), of herpes zoster (from 6.1 % to 0.8 %), and of hairy leukoplakia (absent on the background of ART), on the other hand we revealed increase occurrence of impairments caused by human papilloma virus.

Peculiarities of hemispheric asymmetry in 59 boys and 39 girls with arterial hypertension (mean age - 15.1 ± 1.5) were studied. The comparison group of healthy children included 60 boys and 37 girls (mean age -14.9 ± 1.3). The total indicators of sensorimotor asymmetry showed significant deviations in formation of functional hemispheric asymmetry only in the group of boys. At the same time, differences of the asymmetry indicators between main group of girls and the one of comparison were quite moderate and did not reach the level of statistical significance. It is associated with adaptation features of the boys with hypertension to changes of normal functioning of cardiovascular system.

The article discusses the clinical and laboratory characteristics of tick-borne rickettsiosis in children in the Irkutsk region on the results of the retrospective study of 65 patients admitted to the Regional Infectious Hospital over the period of five consecutive epidemic seasons. It has been found that among hospitalized children with tick-borne rickettsiosis dominating proportion (64.6 %) is of rural residents (mean age - 5years old). The main clinical symptoms in children borne rickettsiosis were rash (96.9 %) and fever (96.9 %), which in one third of observations associated with lymphadenopathy (38.5%). About one third of patients (30.8 %) had pronounced symptoms of intoxication. It has been noted that the laboratory diagnosis of tick-borne rickettsiosis needs to be improved: DGC reaction should replace ELISA detection of specific immunoglobulin M in the blood in combination with PCR for genetic identification of rickettsiae. The development of emergency preventive treatment of tick-borne rickettsiosis is required, taking into account the sensitivity of rickettsiae to antibiotics. All children with tick-borne rickettsial diseases were provided with timely and effective treatment, with favorable prognosis.

Background. Violations of indigenous microflora composition associates with a wide variety of gynecological complications. Thus, the qualitative and quantitative composition of lactobacilli and their associative capacity and functional activity may serve as a criterion of microecological well-being in the body. Aim. To study species diversity of lactobacilli in vaginal biotope teenage girls with gynecological pathologies and to assess the extent of their relationship with the combination of diversity profiles associated opportunistic pathogens. Materials and methods. The study included 107 adolescents with reproductive system disorders. The study was conducted with the use of gynecological and general microbiological methods. Results. It was revealed that in vaginal biocenosis of the studied group of teenage girls dominating lactobacilli were Lactobacillus plantarum and L. crispatus, the incidence of other species did not exceed 21 %. Among the representatives of opportunistic pathogenic microflora dominated coccal microflora and Corynebacterium spp., being the part of normal flora of vaginal mucosa. Analysis of species composition revealed a statistically significant relationship between certain types of lactobacilli and opportunistic microorganisms, i.e. lactobacilli showed no antagonistic activity towards the opportunistic microorganisms, and formed symbiotic relationships with them. Conclusions. Most commonness was found among the minor species of lactobacilli (L. iners, L. gasseri, L. jensenii), coagulase-negative staphylococci and fungi of Candida genus, and that increases the risk of transformation of normal microflora in the pathological one.

The paper presents the materials of the complex epidemiological evaluation of tuberculosis process by its main indicators (incident cases, prevalence and mortality) in the Siberian Federal district over the period of 2002-2014. The ranking of the territories included in the Siberian Federal district was performed by the integral index. That allowed to identify three groups of territories by the level of intensity of TB epidemiological process (favorable, typical, unfavorable). The most favorable epidemiological situation was registered in Tomsk region, the most unfavorable one - in the Republic of Tuva.

The results of this study include Yersinia pseudotuberculosis CRISPR/Cas system structure analysis. CRISPR/Cas system is a specific adaptive protection against heterogeneous genetic elements. The object of research was the complete genome of Y. pseudotuberculosis IP32953 (NC_006155). CRISPR/Cas system screening was performed by program modelling methods MacSyFinder ver. 1.0.2. CRISPR loci screening and analyzing were carried out by program package: CRISPR Recognition tool (CRT), CR1SP1: a CRISPR Interactive database, CRISPRFinder, and PilerCR. Spacer sequences were used in order to find protospacers in ACLAME, GenBank-Phage and RefSeq-Plasmid databases by BLASTn search algorithm. Protospacer sequences could be found in genomes of phages, plasmids and bacteria. In last case complete genomes of bacteria were analyzed by online-tool PHAST: PHAge Search Tool. Y. pseudotuberculosis IP329353 has CRISPR/Cas system that consists of one sequence of cas-genes and three loci. These loci are far away from each other. Locus YP1 is situated in close proximity to cas-genes. Protospacers were found in genomes of Y. pseudotuberculosis PB1/+, Y. intermedia Y228, Y. similis str. 228, Salmonella phage, Enterobacteria phage, Y. pseudotuberculosis 1P32953 plasmid pYV and plasmid of Y. pseudotuberculosis 1P31758. Thus, the combination of four program methods allows finding CRISPR/Cas system more precisely. Spacer sequences could be used for protospacer screening.

Salivary carcinomas comprise 2-3 % of malignant tumors of the head and neck. The basic method of morphological study in early diagnostics is aspiration puncture with a fine needle (FNAB). Complex histologic structure and great diversity of morphological items complicate cytologic diagnostics of salivary tumors considerably. Immunocytochemical examination must be used to reduce the errors, it enables to reveal neoplastic cells at early stages of malignization. High proliferative activity of tumor cells is one of their biological peculiarities. Accuracy in differential diagnostics between benign and malignant tumors is improved through determination of mitotic index combined with a fine needle aspiration puncture.

To provide patient's security is the main goal in some spheres of health care, that is why methods of statistical monitoring were developed to detect abnormalities in the course of medical work quickly and confidentially. This includes, for example, excessive intervention even without further damage to a patient's safety. Therefore, it is very important to determine whether the risk to a patient's life exists or how abnormal the situation is. At the present moment health care in Russia has already passed the initial stage of formation of ratings to assess the quality of medical care services. Almost all regions of the Russian Federation have their own ratings. The question is how objectively they reflect the quality of medical services. The article presents main features to assess the quality of health care to rate medical organizations on the example of state program Medicare (USA) in order to compare them with the ones used in Russian ratings.

The authors analyzed the essence of new federal laws, which change some implementation aspects of other basicfederal laws, such as Law on Compulsory Medical insurance in the Russian Federation, Law on Basics of health protection of citizens in the Russian Federation, Budget Code, Tax Code and other legal acts, determining the peculiarities of financing of high technology medical care since January 1, 2017 onwards. The main challenges and risks of Compulsory Medical Insurance Federal Foundation was identified, it becoming the sole holder of the funds intended for the financing of high-tech medical care. The main risk is that federal and regional authorities are not only being excluded from financing, but are losing the role of health care state customer. And in the conditions of financial crisis in the country it will happen. In this case there is a great possibility of financial deficit for high technological medical care in the federal medical scientific institutions. A number of measures for planning indicators of high-tech medical assistance in the scientific medical organizations was proposed. These measures can prevent corruption and defend federal (state) segment of health care system, providing the complex and high level assistance for the most severe ill patients.

The article deals with the financial and economic problems of access to health care for the citizens of Russia. It analyzes basic methodological approaches as well as the corresponding official statistics and sociological research on the state of the country's health system, which, according to author's opinion, can describe the situation with the accessibility of health care. It is shown that underfunding of health care from public sources and the associated expansion of private finances, can signal problems with access for Russian citizens. Especially if the overall socio-economic situation in the country is taken into account, namely the federal state policy of shifting health expenditures to regional level under the conditions of high regional social and economic differentiation and high income inequality. Thus, the development of fiscal policy within the budget federalism in Russia should take into account its implications for people's access to health.

The EEG can be used to obtain objective data on the level of situational anxiety in athletes. The dynamics of the psycho-emotional state of the athletes during the annual training-competitive macrocycle is characterized by the following features: in the preparatory and transition periods demonstrated by athletes level of anxiety and psycho-emotional stress is lower than in the control group. Competitive period is usually characterized by significant increase in anxiety. Competitive loads experienced by athletes on the background of low anxiety, lead to less pronounced decrease in functional activity of neutrophils and activity of the antioxidant defense system.

The aim of the present investigation is to estimate the role of prenatal hypoxia in toluene neurotoxic effect in adult rats. Toluene-induced behavioral and electroencephalographic manifestations were investigated in animals with normal and abnormal embryonic development. To simulate prenatal hypoxia, we gave subcutaneous injections of sodium nitrite to pregnant female rats in a dose of 50 mg/kg on the 18-19^th day of gestation. At the age of 3 months the males from the offspring were exposed to toluene inhalation (560 mg/m³, 4 weeks, 4 h/day, 5 days/week). After toluene inhalation exposure we estimated rats' individual behavior by plus maze test and visual and auditory evoked potentials (VEPs and AEPs). Toluene reduced P2N2 interpeak amplitude of VEPs compared with control rats without any latency change. We found out that toluene exposure of rats with acute prenatal hypoxia in late gestation had led to inhibition of motor activity and a statistically significant increase in latency of VEP's N1, AEP's P3 and N1P2 interpeak amplitude of AEP in comparison with all remained groups. Thus, these results show that prenatal hypoxic damage to the central nervous system is an aggravating factor in toluene intoxication in rats.

The encoded portion of the complete genomes of 46 strains of the genotype 6 of hepatitis C virus through bioinformatics RDP programs complex group of 6 recombinants strains was identified, in which 7 recombination sites were fixed. Strains correspond to the three-recombinant HCV subtypes: 6a, 6b and 61. For each of the identified recombinant we defined parent strains from which they can be obtained. Three recombinants were obtained from parent strains of the same subtype (homologous inside subgenotypic recombination). For the remaining three recombinants parent strains were members of three different subtypes (between subgenotypic recombination).^In one strain we identified a unique recombination site in a highly conservative NS3 gene. Most of the recombination sites occurred in the region of the structural genes C, E1 and E2, and in the area of non-structural genes NS5a and NS5b.^In the recombinant strain DQ480518-6a two recombination site were identified. One site is located in the structural and nonstructural genes (E2 + NS1 + NS2), and a second one in non-structural region. Dimensions of recombination sites can vary from 86 to 1072 nucleotide bases. The study identified "hot spots" of recombination in the strains of genotype 6 of hepatitis C virus. The recombinants were found in the population of the three countries: the United States (from the serum of an immigrant), Hong Kong and China.

Hypothermic conditions of homoisothermic organisms are characterized by the activation of free-radical processes in tissues. The intensity of these processes occurring at hypothermia is less well understood. The essential increase in heart rate, breathing, blood flow velocity, and metabolic processes during warming must stimulate the generation of reactive oxygen species and oxidative modification of biomolecules. We study the levels of peroxidation markers of lipids (by malondialdehyde) and proteins (by carbonyl groups) in blood plasma and erythrocytes as well as the activity of erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes of rats after deep hypothermia (the temperature in the rectum was 20 °C) and self-warming dynamics. A maximum warming rate (0.016⁰C/min) was revealed over the body temperature range of 22-33 °С, below and above these temperatures a warming rate was essentially lower. The warming of rats resulted in a total protein content reduction which negatively correlates (r = -0.967; р < 0.05) with a middle molecular peptide level. The deep hypothermia decreased the intensity of oxidative modification of lipid and proteins in blood plasma and red blood cell membranes, and the activity of red blood cell superoxide dismutase (SOD). Maximum amount of products of oxidative modification of lipids and proteins in plasma and erythrocytes membranes caused by rats' self-warming was observed at body temperature of 30-35 °С. After a complete rats' warming the intensity of oxidative modification of lipids and proteins in plasma and erythrocyte membranes decreased. The activity of SOD and catalase of erythrocyte substantially increased when body temperature reached 35 °С. The obtained data indicate that during self-warming at the body temperature of 30-35 °С the oxidative stress appears in blood which requires the use of antioxidant defense.

Application of zymosan in medicine is limited because of its side effects, since the native granules of zymosan directly activate serum complement components and phagocytic cells. In this regard, it was decided at the outset (ex vivo) to incorporate the granules of zymosan in the neutrophils, and only then inject these "loaded" zymosan neutrophils into the bloodstream. Our experiments showed a total inhibition of the weight accretion of both tumor affected liver (from 5220 ± 963 to 1327 ± 219 mg) and spleen (from 328 ± 29 to 187 ± 64 mg) of mice. Thus these data showed that even on the 17^th day after a single intravenous injection zymosan-treated neutrophils persist expressed manifestations of anti-tumor activity in the liver and spleen, that may be basis for using this method for antimetastatic preventive measures in liver and other localizations.

The purpose of this study was to research lymphatic outflow tract in the human choroid. Using a light microscopy and immunohistochemistry, structure of the choroid was investigated. We used antibodies against lymphatic endothelial-specific markers Prox-1, LYVE-1, Podoplanin, endothelial blood vessels marker CD34 and fibroblasts growth factor receptor FGFR. The choroid was found to contain lymphatic canals in choroidal stroma and a layer of choriocapillaris, and lymphatic lacunae in the suprachoroid lamina, limited endothelium-like cells, positively stained for markers of lymphatic vessels Prox-1, LYVE-1, Podoplanin, and fibroblasts and pigment cells. These endothelium-like cells were shown positive Prox-1, LYVE-1 and Podoplanin staining and negative CD34 staining; therefore we consider that these canals and lacunae are lymphatic structures.

This article present the evaluation of polyhexamethyleneguanidine hydrochloride hydrogel influence on the course of wound healing processes. Synthesis of hydrogel is based on the interaction of amino-end groups of the polymer with carbonyl compounds. The presence of significant biocidal properties of the gel-forming polymer is allowed to consider the hydrogel as a wound healing agent. Since most wound healing agents for external use are made in the form of gels, ointments, polymer-based, it was decided to use the wound healing agent "Levomekol", a gel which consists of poly (ethylene oxide) as a comparison drug. So, in terms of linear skin-muscle wound we established the pronounced wound-healing effect of a polyhexamethyleneguanidine hydrochloride hydrogel. The results of pathomorphological studies revealed that in animals of the experimental "hydrogel" group on the eighth day of the experiment, the wound was undergoing a process of rejection of the scab, the presence of mature granulation tissue and no exudate was also observed. In the comparison group, the healing process was more slow, on the eighth day of the experiment in the animal group we observed the presence of fluid under the eschar, and lower amount of mature granulation tissue. Tensiometry of the scar has shown that the strength of scar rupture in the "hydrogel" group requires 65 % more force compared to the control group, while in the group of comparison this parameter made only 48 %.

A new biological model of moderate inhibition of tumor growth and metastases with prolonged leukopenia on C57BI/6 mice with the Lewis Lung Carcinoma was designed. The model was created by the injection of cyclophosphamide (dose 83.3 mg/kg) on 6^th, 12^th, 18^th days after tumor cells transplantation on animals. Experiment showed that 3-fold cyclophosphamide use leads to growth of primary tumor and metastases inhibition. Tumor growth inhibition was 34 % on 21^st day after cyclophosphamide inject. The number of metastases decreased by 4.7 times (p < 0,01). Metastatic area reduced. Metastasis frequency made 100 %. In addition, the course of cyclophosphamide application caused inhibition of granulocytic and lymphoid hematopoiesis. The reducing the number of segmented neutrophils and lymphocytes was showed on the 3rd day after 1, 2 and 3 injections of cyclophosphamide. The model can be used to study the efficacy of drugs in tumor therapy and in correction of such toxic manifestation of chemotherapy as leukopenia.

The aim of the work was to evaluate the influence of the linimentfrom Pentaphylloides fruticosa L. on lipid peroxidation in rats with experimental diabetes mellitus accompanied by wound process. The liniment was developed with the use of NanoDeBee30 device. Experiments were carried out on white male Wistar rats. Experimental diabetes mellitus was simulated by a single intraperitoneal introduction of alloxan in a dose of 100 mg/kg. The skin injury was simulated by inflicting planar wounds 2.0 x 2.0 cm in size. 5 mg of the 5%-liniment from Pentaphylloides fruticosa was put on the wounds of the first experimental group once a day for 14 days. The second experimental group was treated by the preparation of comparison - balsamic liniment. The wounds of the control group were treated with glycerin-lanolin ointment. On the 7^th, 14^th and 21^st day the concentration of TBA-active products in the blood serum was determined to estimate the intensity of lipid peroxidation processes; the contents of reduced glutathione and catalase activity were determined to evaluate the antioxidant status. The results of the experiments verify the marked curative effect of the linimentfrom Pentaphylloides fruticosa L. on the healing of the wounds on the background of experimental diabetes mellitus in rats

The aim of the work was to estimate a wound-healing effect of soft drug products from the Pentaphylloides fruticosa L. shoots on the model of planar skin-fascial wound. The liniment was developed with the use of the NanoDeBee 30 device and the ointment was developed with the use of pharmaceutical technology. Experiments were carried out on white male Wistar rats. The skin injury was simulated by inflicting planar wounds 2.0 x 2.0 cm in size. The 5%-liniment and 5% ointment from P. fruticosa were put on the wounds of the first and second experimental groups respectively. In the third group the wounds were treated with glycerin-vaseline ointment. Bioptate of the wound surface was taken on the 7^th, 14^th and 21^st day. Histological preparations were studied using standard methods. Cell elements of the first group animals were displayed as fibroblasts and fibrocytes; it was noted high level of collagen organization that testified the effective staging of the wound process in this case. The amount of fibrocytes and fibroblasts and ratio between juvenile and mature forms of collagen-producing cells vary in the first and second groups. Biopsy material obtained from the animals of the third group only on the 21^st day corresponded to the picture observed in animals of the 1^st group on the 14^th day. The findings of the study verify that the use of the product obtained on NanoDeBee device provides the earlier forming of the scar as compared with the ointment developed using pharmaceutical technology.

Experimental data concerning complex study of antioxidant activity of Y. pestis with different plasmid spectrum (wild-type Yersinia pestis subsp. pestis, Yersinia pestis subsp. altaica and their isogenic variants) are represented in the article. Superoxide dismutase activity of the tested Y. pestis strains was from 6.0 to 9.0 x 10⁹ microbe cells. Significant differences between the Y. pestis strains with different plasmid composition were not detected by this parameter. Our results, consistent with the data of other authors, tell that superoxide dismutase activity is a thermo-inducible feature and does not depend on a plasmid spectrum. High peroxide destroying activity was also detected in all tested Y. pestis strains. The differences between the strains regarding their common peroxide destroying activity were found. This parameter of the plague microbe strains lacking pYP plasmid was at least 3 times lower than common peroxide destroying activity in strains with this plasmid in the genome. In our opinion these revealed differences were caused by characteristics of plasmid spectrum. The common peroxide destroying activity's degree of Y. pestis strains can be associated with the presence of pYP plasmid in the genome. The isogenic variants of Y. pestis strains lacking one of the plasmids had smaller pathogenic activity. This fact points to the need for further study of these strains.

The article describes the comparative study of the effect of lead intoxication in healthy animals and in terms of modelled hyperlipidemic condition on lipid metabolism, ECG performance, behavior in the test of the extrapolation of deliverance. The study was performed on 40 albino outbred adult male rats. Modeling hyperlipidemic condition was carried out daily by feeding natural unsalted fat at the rate of 8 grams per animal for 16 days. Lead intoxication was created after the atherogenic diet by adding lead acetate into drinking water in a dose of 50 mg/kg of body weight for 4 weeks. To investigate the lipid metabolism was measured in serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol. In the test of extrapolation deliverance 70 % of animals with lead intoxication on the lipid load background did not cope with the task versus 40 % of albino rats in the group with lead acetate exposure alone. All control animals successfully solved the problem of the deliverance test. The deterioration of the functioning of the cardiovascular system of rats with lead poisoning on the background of atherogenic diet was manifested by elongation of intraventricular conduction intervals on an electrocardiogram as compared with animals with lead intoxication alone. Disorders of lipid metabolism were manifested by increased levels of LDL cholesterol in rats with lead intoxication on the background of hyperlipidemia to 0.86 (0.69-1.14) mmol/l compared with the value of 0.67 (0.58-0.79) mmol/l in animals with lead intoxication.

Background. The population with HIV-infection plays significant role in ongoing tuberculosis pandemic. Immunosuppression due to HIV-infection is one of the causes of TB disseminated forms in this group of people. Having low immune status is also often associated with a polyclonal M. tuberculosis infection. Aim of the research: comparative assessment of epidemic genotypes of M. tuberculosis prevalence and mixed genotypes identification within HlV-TB co-infected patients in two Russian regions. Materials and methods. The DNAs of 78 clinical isolates from Irkutsk Region (IR) and 64 strains from Perm Krai (PK) have been genotyped by MIRU VNTR 24 and RD105/RD207. Strains were obtained from patients who did not have significant age and sex differences. In the PK age of the patients was 34.5 ± 0.9, in IR - 34.4 ± 1.5 years. The samples were obtained from 67.2 and 65.4 % of men, respectively. Result. The study of the M. tuberculosis indicates significant predominance of Beijing genotype strains in patients with TB-HIV of PK (92.2 %) compared to the IR (59.5 %) (х² = 18.0; p < 0.01). The prevalence of MDR pathogens in TB-HIV patients exceeded 50 %. The mixed genotype detection in the PK and IR was high (14.1 and 12.7 % respectively). The level of virulent strains B0/W148 was 34.4 % in PK patients and 25.3 % in IR ones. Analysis of the results suggests the epidemic spread of MDR-TB in the immunocompromised individuals. Conclusions: The identified trends may indicate that Perm Kray have a process of active dissemination of transmissible strains of M. tuberculosis within HIV-infected population.

Background. Mongolia is one of the seven countries in Western Pacific regions with high burden of tuberculosis. The earlier research indicates that there is a difference in the distribution of some epidemiologically important subtypes of the Beijing lineage in Mongolia and adjacent Russian regions. Aim of the research: assessment of genotypic structure of M. tuberculosis (MBT) on the border of Russia and central regions of Mongolia. Materials and methods: The DNAs of 143 clinical isolates of MBT from Russian border (46.2 %) and central (53.8 %) regions of Mongolia have been genotyped by the 24-locus MIRU-VNTR and RD105/RD207. Strains of the Beijing lineage have been analyzed additionally according to the classification by Merker et al. (2015). Results. The study of MBT in Mongolia indicates significant predominance of strains of the Beijing lineage (79.0 %) and Beijing MIT 17 subtype (72.6 %). However, the strains of the Beijing subtype W148, widespread in Irkutsk Oblast and Buryatia, have not been noted in Mongolia. According to the classification by M. Merker et al., the majority of studied strains of the Beijing lineage (85.8 %) relate to the clonal complexe CC4, infrequently detected in Russian border regions. Statistically significant differences between distribution of clonal complexes among border with Russia and central regions of Mongolia have not been detected. Conclusions. Strains of the clonal complex CC4 of Beijing lineage dominate in central and border to Russia regions of Mongolia, this allows assuming that the different geographical regions were sources of MBT strains, prevalent in Mongolia and adjacent Russian regions.

Pelvic inflammatory diseases occupy a special place in the structure of general morbidity, and are polymicrobial in nature with dominance of opportunistic microorganisms, in particular bacteria of the family Enterobacteriaceae. The aim was to study the composition of the vaginal microbiota in women of reproductive age with pelvic inflammatory diseases, as well as to determine the sensitivity of isolated microorganisms to antibiotics and bacteriophages. The study included 70 women of reproductive age, among them 37 were diagnosed with colpitis and cervicitis, 33 women in the comparison group (women screened for a diagnosis). Isolated microorganisms were identified by abdominoperineal methods, including the disk diffusion method to determine the sensitivity of microorganism cultures of Enterobacteriaceae family to antibiotics, and the method of crosses (evaluation of lytic activity of bacteriophages by the number of crosses) to determine the sensitivity to specific therapeutic bacteriophages. Vaginal biocenosis was characterized by deficit of lactobacilli (< 106 CFU/ml in 100 %), the presence of conditionally pathogenic microflora: bacteria of Enterobacteriaceae family, coccal flora and Candida fungi. From 60.0 to 89.3 % of Enterobacteria strains were resistant to aminoglycosides and quinolones, but also had a low level of sensitivity to therapeutic bacteriophages. The obtained data indicate the reduction of colonization resistance of vaginal mucosa in pelvic inflammatory diseases and specify the need to use medicinal drugs only under medical supervision to prevent clinically significant drug resistance.

Sterile preparations of membrane fractions were prepared by processing of live Francisella tularensis cells of different subspecies with 4.5 M urea solution and differential centrifugation. For the first time, proteolytic activity was detected and studied by tests of radial enzyme diffusion and substrate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis using gelatin as a substrate. Spectrum of gelatinases in the resulted preparation were detected. Quantitative inter-strain differences in the protease activities and their qualitative composition in membrane preparations of various virulent F. tularensis strains was analyzed. Avirulent F. tularensis 21/400 subsp. holarctica (1-214) strain demonstrated the greatest gelatinase activity in enzyme diffusion method and the lowest hydrolytic activity was seen in F. tularensis B-399 A-Cole subsp. tularensis (1-386) and F. tularensis Utah 112 subsp. novicida (1-384), other preparations showed intermediate activity. Enzyme electrophoresis in the protease spectra determined the presence of proteins with proteases activity 50-100 kDa, and in the spectrum preparations of F. tularensis 1-386 and 1-384 were detected additional bands of proteases.

Nasopharyngeal flora contributes much to the development of many diseases, including the urinary system diseases. The aim was to compare the vaginal microbiota biotope and nasopharynx microbiota in women with reproductive disorders (RD). The study involved 97 women with RD (infertility, miscarriage). The control group comprised women with chronic endometritis (CE), RD and chronic tonsillitis (CT) (n = 65), mean age was 31.0 ± 5.3. CE was diagnosed using histologic analysis and ultrasound studies. The comparison group consisted of 32 women with RD without CE and HT, representative by age. Endometrial sampling was conducted by endometrial pipelle biopsy taken on 5-11^th days of the menstrual cycle. Nasopharyngeal swabs were taken on an empty stomach. Due to reduced indigenous microbiota in the studied habitats the number of opportunistic pathogenic microflora such as Staphylococci, Enterococci, fungi, E. coli and etiologically significant Streptococcus (in nasopharynx) was increased. Streptococci in the nasopharynx indicate that the troubles are in vaginal biotope, which leads to inflammatory diseases and reproductive disorders. Everything mentioned demonstrates common etiopathogenic mechanisms for the development of pathological processes of various localizations. Thus, it is important to pay close attention to all rehabilitation centers specializing on chronic infections, which will improve the treatment of CE.

Background. Human glutathione-S-transferases play an important role in phase II detoxification process. But polymorphism in the GSTP1 gene has not been studied in certain populations. Aim: to determine the distribution of allele and genotype frequencies of GSTP1 gene in teenagers from Buryat ethnic group. Materials and methods. Blood samples were obtained from 55 teenagersfrom Buryat ethnic group. There were 28 males and 27 females with an age of 14.05 ± 0.99 years over the range of 13 to 16. DNA was isolated from blood samples. The polymerase chain reaction was used to amplify A313G and C341T markers of the GSTP1 gene. Chi-square testing was used to evaluate the significant difference of the GSTP1 genotype frequencies between observed and expected values. Results. Allele and genotype frequencies of A313G and C341T markers GSTP1 were determined in teenagers from Buryat ethnic group. The study showed that the frequencies of A and G alleles at the A313G marker were 0.809 and 0.191 while those of C and T alleles at the C341T marker were 0.973 and 0.027, respectively. The distribution of the genotype frequencies at the A313G marker were consistent with expected in a Hardy - Weinberg equilibrium (χ² = 0.77; d.f. = 1; p > 0.05). However, the distribution of the genotype frequencies at the C341T marker were not consistent with expected in a Hardy - Weinberg equilibrium (χ² = 0.043; d.f. = 1; p < 0.05). It was because the homozygous of T allele was not found in the ethnic group of Buryat.

The problem of overweight and obesity is one of the most urgent health issues in the world. 13 % of girls and 21 % of boys aged 11 suffer from overweight in the Russian Federation. The main causes of pubertal obesity are endocrine pathology, lifestyle and genetic disorders including mutation and polymorphisms of different metabolic pathways. Leptin produced in adipose tissue participates in reproduction regulation, glucose homeostasis, bone formation, etc. These effects are provided by leptin receptors coding LEPR gene. Q223R (rs1137101) polymorphism is associated with an increased serum level of leptin and overweight. There is no exact information about association between this polymorphism and obesity of adolescent females. The objective was to reveal LEPR Q223R polymorphism association between overweight and obesity in adolescent females. 123 Caucasian adolescent females were involved in this study. All samples could be separated into two groups: the girls with normal weight (SDS BM1 ± 1.0; control group), girls with overweight and obesity (SDS BM1 > +1.0-2.0; studied group). Anthropometric measurements (weight, height, waist and hip circumference, body fat percentage) were taken, and genotyping was performed using polymerase chain reaction with electrophoresis detection. G-allele frequency was 43.1 % in control and 40 % in the clinical group. We found no significant differences of the prevalence of polymorphism Q223R between the studied groups (р = 0,862). Furthermore, there was no association between the carriage of AG and GG with weight, BM1, body fat percentage, waist and hip circumference in both groups (р > 0.05). We have not found any association between LEPR Q223R and overweight and obesity in adolescent females.

Currently worldwide chemical burns of the esophagus rank first among all diseases of the esophagus in children and second in adults. Because of commonly accepted algorithms of rendering of medical aid in case of chemical burns of the esophagus in the prehospital and hospital stages (washing of the esophagus and the stomach, adequate anesthesia, corticosteroid, antibiotic therapy, the group of antacids and symptomatic treatment), the choice of drug and method of local impact on the surface of chemical burn of the esophagus remain an urgent problem. The lack of standardized approach in treatment of local changes in chemical burns of the esophagus, severe and unsatisfactory results of using medication algorithms inspire a search for alternative methods of treatment and drug development. Herbal remedies are comparable in effectiveness, but also have the combined multivalent effect on the entire body, causing minimum of side effects. Basing on the literature review, we have come to a conclusion that the most balanced composition of biologically active substances and a positive influence on the basic pathogenesis of esophageal chemical burns has Calendula officinalis. Features and scope of Calendula officinalis are not fully understood. The creation of a multidrug for the local treatment chemical burns of the esophagus based on this herb proves to be very promising.

The article presents the current data of history of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) study. It contains studies of genetic susceptibility of PCOS, PCOS symptoms and connection with development of anxiety and depressive disorders. The article covers ethnic differences in the phenotypic manifestations of PCOS. The papers describes the study of endocrine causes of infertility in Russian and Buryat women. Several theories of PCOS, including the theory of PCOS connection with intestinal bacterial flora disorders ("dysbiotic intestinal microbiota") are being discussed. The article also provides an overview of various scientific research in this area and the data of the relationship of PCOS and the risk of cardiometabolic disorders, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, obesity and sleep apnea. It highlights modern aspects in the study of PCOS etiology - studies of adipose tissue as an endocrine organ. The article reflects study of PCOS relationship with the level of the gastrointestinal tract hormones: leptin, insulin, ghrelin, cholecystokinin, peptide YY. The effect of short-term low-dose hormonal contraceptives on appetite levels in PCOS is covered. The scientific articles on the severity of hypertension in menopausal women with PCOS history and the presence of overweight are reviewed. The scientific work determines molecular genetic markers of PCOS in the aspect of the influence of environmental factors on the expression of genes.

Lifestyle changes associated with reduced physical activity, increased caloric content of food and a steady increase in emotional stress load cause potentiation of risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Metabolic syndrome combines hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes and obesity. Primary systemic insulin resistance and concomitant systemic hyperinsulinemia underlie the pathology. Insulin resistance triggers a vicious cycle of symptoms that lead to the emergence of severe cardiovascular complications. Metabolic cascade can also be initiated by obesity, which in its turn predisposes to the development of hypertension and reduction of the sensitivity of peripheral insulin receptors with subsequent accumulation of excess body weight. Treatment of metabolic syndrome should be pathogenetically substantiated and include antihypertensive, lipid-lowering, anti-thrombotic drugs on the background of a rational diet and lifestyle changes.

The article describes the assessment of the physical development (PD) of the children attending preschool educational institution kindergarten N 148 of Irkutsk. It was established that different types of deviations in development had 42.0 % of children from 3 to 7 years. Among deviations in PD of preschool children most frequently we noted high body weight at normal body length (10.1 %); also lowered (8.0 %) and low body length (9.0 %) were established. The results of the examination of Irkutsk preschool children revealed deviations of their PD parameters from normal figures towards reduction of growth and increase in body weight, and also showed that morphometric changes were more characteristic of boys.

The article deals with severe hereditary disease - hepatolenticular degeneration (Wilson - Konovalov disease). Hepatolenticular degeneration is a monogenic autosomal recessive genetic disorder. Pathogenetically, it is a genetic disorder of copper metabolism when copper accumulates in excessive amounts in target organs, primarily in the liver. More commonly it manifests atyoung age and, when untreated, progresses rapidly to death. At the same time, hepatolenticular degeneration is one of a few of hereditary disease for which an effective pathogenetic therapy with copper-eliminating medications has been developed to reduce the amount of dietary copper and to remove its excess from the body. The risk factors of unfavourable type of decease development are: the severity of clinical aspects at the time of diagnostics in neurological stage, period of the delay of the copper-eliminate therapy prescription and the degree of mind disorder. The prognostication on hepatolenticular degeneration depends on the duration of the decease, time of the therapy beginning and the compliance to it. We report about two clinical observations of hepatolenticular degeneration, demonstrating the necessity to use the full complex of clinical-laboratorial and instrumental analysis in all cases of developing motor extrapyramidal defects, combined with psychiatric disorders and pathology of internal organs. This work proved that it is necessary to evaluate all symptoms in the dynamics of disease course and that symptoms signaling about pathology of copper metabolism should not be ignored, and paying attention only to some of the indicants is not advised.