The prevalence of coxarthrosis in Ust-Ordynsk Buryat Region was defined as 19,8 ‰₀ This article gives complex characteristics of coxarthrosis in the named region.

The article presents data about epidemiological characteristics of outbreaks of acute intestinal infections in Bashkortostan for the five-year period, which were obtained in the course of analysis of annual reporting forms # 23 "Information of outbreaks of infectious diseases". Last few years the increasing number of outbreaks of acute intestinal infections and growing quantity of afflicted population are discovered, which is distinctly manifested in outbreaks, registered in organized groups of children and accompanied by steady spreading of pathogens spectrum (with prevalence of Salmonella), mainly transmitted (in 60-100 %) by food. The article also brings up the issue of the necessity of taking into account the identified characteristics of formation and manifestation of outbreaks of acute intestinal infections during the implementation of the system of epidemiological surveillance at regional and municipal levels, with optimization of all its components.

The state of the immune responsiveness of the employees working at the chemical productions has been analysed in dynamics (after 4 years). This work aimed to assess the changes in the serum content of the IgA, M, G concentrations in the employees in the continuous exposure to the neurotoxicants of different chemical nature. 452 workers males were observed, including 166 employees working at the production of vinyl chloride and polyvinyl chloride (VC and PVC) exposed to the chlorinated hydrocarbons, in this group there were 57 "practically" healthy workers with a working period 12,2 ± 0,7 years, 31 persons with the early neurointoxication manifestations. 134 employees working at the caustic production under conditions of the exposure to mercury, including 19 workers with a mean working period under harmful conditions - 19,18 ± 1,08 years as well as 16 patients with the first revealed diagnosis of chronic mercury intoxication (CMI); 32 persons with a long lasting period of CMI have been examined. 82 employees working at the production of epichlorohydrin (EpCH) and 70 workers from the production of methanol have been also examined. The control group consisted of 47 males who did not expose to the substances with the neurotoxic effects based on the occupation. The comparative change assessment of the immune responsiveness in the employees exposed to the neurotoxicants of different chemical nature has allowed to reveal the differences in the content of the immunoglobulins in dependence on the exposure factor and the development stage of the pathological process. The more expressed changes in the immunoglobulin disbalance were found to occur in the exposure to the metallic mercury vapours of the workers. The prospective examination of the employees exposed to the neurotoxicants after 4years has clearly demonstrated that the continuous exposure to the production factors may lead to the index change, the increase in the disbalance of the immunoglobulins of different trends and the expression degree dependent on the specific character and the character of the neurotoxicant exposed, which may testify the different mechanisms which are known to be the basis for forming the neurointoxications of different etiology.

Ristocetin-induced platelet aggregation, von Willebrand factor and coagulation factor VIII of 170 children with essential arterial hypertension and 40 healthy children were investigated. Burdened hereditary thrombotic history, increase of ristocetin-induced platelet aggregation, activity and content of von Willebrand factor, very close to significant tendency to the increase of activity of coagulation factor VIII are typical for children with essential arterial hypertension with the increased risk of thrombosis.

The article shows the possibilities of multispiral computed tomography (MSCT) studies in the assessment of osteoregeneration of bone tissue after application of hydroxyapatite for filling of bone defects at different surgical operations. The comparative assessment of the rate of consolidation according to X-ray computed tomography (CT) in patients with bone fractures treated with the use of hydroxyapatite and without it is presented in the article. We studied 17 people (10 males and 7 females; average age - 39,3 ± 12,4 years). Revision arthroscopic plasty of anterior cruciate ligament of knee (n = 7 (58,3 %)), hydroxyapatite plasty of defect of bone tissue at the osteosynthesis of long bone fractures by metal constructions (n = 5 (41,6 %)) were realized. In 7 (58,3 %) cases the operation was performed with use of hydroxyapatite and in 5 (41,6 %) cases the surgery of osteosynthesis was realized with use of titanium plates. The dynamics of consolidation was determined by X-ray CT in 1, 2 and 4 months after surgery. As a result we received significant difference on the results of studies that testified to the stimulating effect of hydroxyapatite in the process of consolidation of fractures.

The article reviews the features of the manifestations of the prevalence of glomerular-tubulointerstitial diseases of kidneys and ureter (GTIDKU) in Ufa, Salavat and Sterlitamak with severe anthropogenic load in comparison with the more prosperous Octyabrskiy. Epidemiological manifestations of GTIDKU were evaluated in children, adolescents, adults and the whole population by average long-term indices in dynamics and some periods of observation. Research results revealed significant differences in the prevalence of manifestations of GTIDKU both between the same groups studied on the analyzed areas and between different cohorts on each of them. Among the studied areas the most unfavorable in relation to the intensity of the prevalence of GTIGKU were not only the most favorable in relation to anthropogenic loads Среди изучаемых территорий наименьшее неблагополучие по выраженности превалентности Octyabrskiy, but also in the less burdened Salavat while maximum value of general prevalence of GTIGKU in ecologically unfavorable Ufa. Possible connection of observed manifestations with character of qualitative contents of the environment pollutants in Ufa in comparison with Sterlitamak and Salavat and also necessity of increase of the effectiveness of epidemiological diagnostics of GTIGKU in Sterlitamak, Salavat and Octyabrskiy under generally accepted standards are discussed. At that the attention is paid to the expediency of the organization of epidemiological case-control research for the revealing of groups with the highest risk of development of GTIGKU including chronic pyelonephritis. Specification of these statements will allow to optimize measures of the effective management of this pathology on different levels of providing medical aid for such patients.

The results of research of occurrence of polymorphism of pro-inflammatory cytokines genotypes IL-1b (T-31C), IL-2(T330G), IL-6(C-174G), TNF(G-308A), IL-17A(G-197A), IL-17F (His-166Arg) in 195 patients with chronic cerebral ischemia are presented. The increase of frequency of a carriage of genotypes of IL-1β-31CC, IL-6-174GG, IL17A-197AA, IL17F-166ArgArg, alleles of IL-1β-31C, IL17F-166Arg is established (p < 0,05) in a clinical group.

According to the survey of 1155 children of 2-8 years attending nurseries and schools, the prevalence of minimal cerebral dysfunction (MCD) in Irkutsk was 11,3 %on average, 14 % in toddlers, 11,8 % in preschool age and 8,3 % in the early school age. Complex clinical-neurophysiological and neuropsychophysiological research was carried out in 173 children of 2-8 years with MCD. Risk factors, clinical features and rates of higher mental functions in toddlers and children of preschool and early school age with MCD were investigated. 3 clinical variants of MCD were detected - regredient, regredient with mild cerebral organic insufficiency and progredient. Two types of clinical flow (favorable and unfavorable) were defined; the regredient variant of MCD refers to the favorable one. The possibility of early revealing of clinical, neurophysiological and neuropsychophysiological peculiarities was showed, that promoted increase of efficiency of treatment-rehabilitation measures in children with MCD.

29 patients with acute otitis media were examined with use of the method of conical radiation computed tomography (CRCT) of temporal bone. The age of the patients was from 16 to 65 years. Symptomatology of acute otitis media was revealed with use CRCT. The peculiarities of changes of temporal bone at this pathology were studied. The possibility of use of conical radiation computed tomography in the diagnostics of acute otitis media was proved.

The article presents the result of the detection of different-level inflammatory factors of immune defense in patients with chronic pyelonephritis (CP) with detection of definite interconnections between these factors and estimation of their significance in the chronification of the process. The absence of adequate effector reaction on the chronic inflammation with considerable (p < 0,05-0,001) depression of the phagocytosis system, decrease of stimulated reaction of blast-transformed lymphocytes, CD4-helpers, CD16-cells, cytotoxic lymphocytes (CD8), B-lymphocytes (CD22) with oppression of especially secondary immune response against the background of visible (p < 0,05-0,001) decrease of contents of activated lymphocytes (CD25), apoptosis receptors (CD95), antigene of main complex of histocompatibility of 11 class HLADR+, adhesive molecules ICAM-3 and proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, ФНО-α was determined. The character of determined changes in the contents of immune-inflammatory markers that reflect different levels of immune system functioning points at profound disorders of effector reaction with significant oppression of recognition function and destruction by immune system of both endogenous and exogenous antigens and evident inconsistency of cytokines regulatory system in CP patients.

The article on the basis of our own and literary data presents the estimation of the role of some herpes viruses in the development of respiratory pathology in sickly children in Transbaikalia. The structure of respiratory pathology was studied and the status of humoral immunity chain were examined in the selected group of children. The influence of the carriage of human herpes virus type 6, Epstein - Barr virus and cytomegalovirus on the state of immune system of sickly children was studied.

To study the peculiarities of the formation of pulmonary hypertension in patients with viral cirrhosis we carried out tissue Doppler echocardiography, Doppler echocardiography, duplex vascular scanning, research of respiratory function in patients with viral cirrhosis. It was found that pulmonary hypertension in patients with viral cirrhosis was a frequent complication (38 %) and is often moderate. An acceleration of blood flow and dilation of the portal and splenic veins, disturbed longitudinal systolic function of the right ventricle and its relaxation as well as decrease of the respiratory function by the restrictive type are registered in patients with pulmonary hypertension.

To study the peculiarities of hemodynamics of liver and heart Doppler echocardiography, duplex ultrasonography vascular screening in patients with viral cirrhosis were held. It was found that patients with viral cirrhosis have remodeling of viscerogenic hemodynamic, left ventricle myocardium with formation of various variants of its geometry. Disorder of heart ventricles relaxation, presence of moderate pulmonary hypertension are accompanied by more expressed portal hemodynamic disorders. Indices of viscerogenic hemodynamic correlate with geometric characteristics of heart ventricles and pulmonary artery, functional state of left ventricle and hemoglobin saturation with oxygen.

In this study we investigated the anatomy of thyroid and parathyroid glands of female Wistar rats line. Thyroid gland consists of two lateral lobes, the right and left, and the isthmus. Each lobe has cranial and caudal poles. Cranial poles of the lateral lobes of thyroid gland reach the height of the cricoid cartilage or the caudal edge of thyroid cartilage plates. Caudal poles of the lateral lobes of the thyroid gland come down below the isthmus and reach the level of 4-5th tracheal rings. The isthmus joins both thyroid lobes and is in front of the trachea (on the level from the 1st to the 3rd or from the 2nd to the 4th tracheal cartilages). Parathyroid glands are pair rounded organs, up to 1-1,2 mm in diameter, yellow-cream and are placed in the upper third of both lobes of the thyroid gland on laterocranial surfaces. The blood supply comes from the cranial thyroid artery and at the localization in the middle third of thyroid gland lobes - partially from caudal thyroid artery. Venous drainage is carried out in the veins corresponding to the arteries. The correlation between the age of the animal with the anatomical structure of the parathyroid glands was revealed: with increasing age of the animal connective tissue capsule becomes severe, the parathyroid gland is differentiated from the tissues of the thyroid gland and rises above its surface. From the point of view of experimental modeling of abnormalities of the thyroid and parathyroid glands it is necessary to take into account the identified feature and to use the animals of least 10 months to study the pathogenic mechanisms of organ failure formation and to search new methods of correction.

In chronic experiments on dogs the authors studied the dynamics of the contractile activity of duodenum and jejunum on the background of a course of antioxidant drug 2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridine succinate in the daily one-hour immobilization stress. It has been found that antioxidant course administration chronic stress leads to the approximation increased contractile activity index duodenum and jejunum to the level of control data at an earlier date than under stress without the use of medication (on the 7th day of immobilization).

The study refers to the research of phenolic compounds of herbal repertory "Euphrasin". This research was done with the HPLC method and was studied with "G1LSTON" instrument. 17 peak identities were monitored in alcohol extracts of herbal repertory "Euphrasin". Compared with reliable samples 15 compounds that belong to the group of flavonoids, phenolcarbonic acids and tannins were identified. Hyperoside (6,91 %), gallic acid (25,88 %) and tannin (17,07 %) are dominant components.

Pharmacotherapeutic efficiency of the dry extract from Lomatogonium carinthiacum in toxic hepatitis was studied. Experimental hepatitis was caused by the introduction of tetracycline hydrochloride to Wistar white rats in the dose of 1.0 g/kg of the animal weight once a day for 7 days. The extract from L. carinthiacum was administered per os in the dose of 100 mg/kg for 26 days. 1t has been established that the extract from L. carinthiacum has a marked hepatoprotective effect in the case of tetracycline hepatitis in white rats that is characterized by inhibition of the disturbances in choleretic and cholate-synthetic functions of the liver: the increase of bile secretion rate, preservation of cholate concentration in the bile, the decrease in the content of cholesterol triacylglycerides and alkaline phosphatase activity in the animal blood serum during the whole period of experiments. The tested remedy diminishes dystrophic and necrotic processes in hepatocytes, decreases the intensity of inflammatory infiltration in the liver and stimulates regeneration of liver cells in tetracycline hepatitis. The decrease of MDA content in the liver homogenate and increase in catalase activity against the same indices in control animals testify the marked antioxidant effect of L. carinthiacum.

In order to study the population structure of Vibrio cholerae, circulating in the waters of Primorsky Region territory during epidemiological welfare, was carried out a retrospective MLVA-typing of 50 V.cholerae strains isolated since 1976 up to 2011 years. There was revealed non-toxigenic V. cholerae strains heterogeneity, consisting in the variability of structure of these tandem repeat loci. The waters circulation of Primorsky Region territory during epidemiological welfare V.cholerae, submitted by no less than 30 unique genotypes and 8 clusters is represented. There is a high discriminatory power of the MLVA. The Hunter Gaston index of isolates studied is 0.988. In some cases, was revealed relationship between genotype (identical and closely related allelic profiles) with time and place of V.cholerae strains isolation.

The review of literature on the problem of diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is presented and the main radiological techniques of COPD exacerbation are reviewed in the article. Diagnostic possibilities of screen-film radiography, functional low-dose digital fluorography (LDDR), high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT), inspiration-expiration HRCT, ventilation-perfusion pulmoscintigraphy and magnetic resonance tomography in patients with COPD exacerbation were described. The advantages of functional LDDR in patients with COPD exacerbation were shown.

The review presents and discusses modern conceptions about causes of development, existing ways of prevention and correction of liver failure. Unsatisfactory effectiveness of traditional infusion and medicinal therapy, as well as low availability of extracorporal detoxification and liver transplantation methods generates a need for search of brand new patogeneticaly substantiated methods of treatment of liver failure. The data about pathogenesis of liver failure and about sanogenesis and regeneration processes are presented. Hepatocite growth factor plays leading role in that processes, most important effects of present cytokine are considered. Next part of the article describes principles, mechanism of action and results of experimental use of cell therapy method. This method has shown effectiveness in animal models and it is perspective for further improvement, but not allowed for clinical use. That's why authors consider that the most perspective solution is creation of new drug, containing regulatory peptides of liver.

Iron homeostasis, aimed at depriving the pathogen of available iron, takes an important role in protecting human body against pathogens. When infection occurs, microorganisms must overcome iron deficiency in a host organism. This review describes microorganisms' ways of gaining iron in the host organism, presents present-day data on changing of iron homeostasis during infection and the main regulators of this process. Theoretical substantiation was given of the possibility of microorganisms' influence on iron homeostasis due to ability to inactivate hepcidin - antihepcidin activity.

ApoE vector protein in association with apoB-100 directly transferring saturated and monounsaturated FA (SFA and MFA) in triglyceride form (composed of very low density lipoproteins (L)) to the cells which are assimilating FA by cooperative receptors of apoE. Only insulin dependent cells have apoe/B-l00 receptors on the cell membrane (skeletal myocytes, cardiac myocytes, periportal hepatocytes, adipocytes of subcutaneous fat and Kupffer's macrophages). Phylogenetically late apoE has a domain for protein-protein interaction unlike the other apos. Apo forms cooperative ligands: apoE/A-l, apoE/B-48 and apoE/B-100 while using this domain. At later stages of phylogenesis while apoE forms cooperative ligands it is also involved in cell transfer and absorption of polyunsatured essential fatty acids in high density L, SFA +MFA +unsatured FA in chylomicrons, SFA+MFA in very low density L. Phenotype E 33 appears to be regular. Phenotypes E2/2 and E4/4 are cause of hypertriglyceridemia of I and V types, which call destructive inflammation of arterial intima with atherothrombosis.