The prevalence of the bronchial asthma (BA) and the perennial allergic rhinitis (CAR), according to the questionnaire and medical examination, adolescents living in the industrial center of Irkutsk region, was 68 ± 3,4 per 100 patients. The most informative factors were: a positive skin prick test, detectable by skin testing, frequent respiratory infections in the history of passive smoking and family history.

We investigated the rate of biological aging, the levels of stress hormones and regulatory cytokines in Afghan war veterans and civilians with early forms of chronic brain ischemia. The study established acceleration of aging according to biological age indicators, earlier clinical onset of early forms of chronic cerebrovascular diseases associated with the processes of posttraumatic disregulation of cerebral and systemic vascular tone, the accumulation of "allostatic load” in the form of hypercortisolemia, growth regulator and angiogenic cytokines in veterans of the Afghan conflict.

A determination of lipid profile, indices of lipid peroxidation and ergic system in veterans and civilians with early forms of chronic brain ischemia. The data confirming the presence of oxidative stress at cellular membranes showed high antioxidant activity and ergic systems are more pronounced in veterans with DEP-I, which may reflect the growth of nerve tissue hypoxia in the progression of chronic cerebrovascular insufficiency in the background of post-stress disorder.

TNFα — a multifunctional pleiotropic cytokine, considered to have a special significance in the immunopathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. Herewith the effectiveness of immunomodulatory cytokine and its role in the development of pathological states of the organism may depend largely on the content of soluble receptors and expression of membrane-bound receptors. The study shows several significant differences not only in the percentage of cells with. TNFα receptors, but also in the absolute number of receptors expressed on cells from different subsets of immunocompetent cells in health and in rheumatoid arthritis, establishes correlation relationships of these parameters with serum contents of the cytokine and its soluble receptors. The mechanisms and the role of changes in the expression of TNFα receptors in different subsets of leukocytes in immunopathological state and in compare with healthy donors are discussed.

Cell subtypes and cytokine profile of apheresis products collected from lymphoma and acute leucosis patients were analyzed. It was shown, that acute leucosis patients' grafts contained higher relative numbers of naïve T-cells, CD4+CD25^high T-cells, T-lymphocytes (non-significant trend) and lower counts of granulocytes. Significant increase of relative numbers of dividing CD34+ cells (in S, G2/M phases of the cell cycle) was demonstrated, in acute leucosis patients' grafts. In lymphoma grafts the levels of CD34+ cells in G₀/G1 phases were found, to be increased. Cells isolated from grafts of acute leucosis patients characterized by higher levels of proinflammatory cytokines production, such as IL-1, IL-6, MIP-1β, TNF-α, IL-8, IFN-γ (the last two ones— non-significant trend) and cytokines, essential for humoral immune response (IL-4 and — in trend — IL-10). The existing differences didn't influence on effectiveness of early lymphocyte recovery.

The clinical and laboratory effects of bone-marrow derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) in patients with malignant lymphomas following autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (auto-HSCT) have been investigated. Co-transplantation of MSC in average dose of 0,178 10⁶/kg was conducted in 74 patients with auto-HSCT. The control group included 83 patients eligible for standard HSCT. We revealed the decreasing of the period of neutropenia and thrombocytopenia when hematopoietic stem cells were co-transplanted with low doses ex vivo expanded autologous MSC. Patients with MSC co-transplantation were differed by more effective early lymphocyte recovery. At the same time MSC co-transplantation did not increase the incidence of infectious complications and cases of renal and. hepatic toxicity. Patients with MSC co-transplantation did not differ from opposite group by 5-year overall survival, but were characterized by significantly better progression-free survival.

Considering the increase in number of HIV-infected women of childbearing age this study was aimed at a comparison of CD-phenotype of children born by infected mothers with age standards obtained during the analysis of the functional state of the immune system of healthy children differing by sex and age in the Perm region. 133 children from infected mothers at the age from 1 month to 4 years and 53 clinically healthy children were examined. Among the peripheral blood lymphocytes of children the numbers of CD3+-T-lymphocytes, CD3+CD4+-T-helpers, CD3+CD8+-cytotoxic T-lymphocytes, CD3-CD19+-B-lymphocytes, CD3-CD16+/56+-NK-cells were identified. The increase in the functional activity of the immune system of the risk group was reliably determined. In HIV-positive children of 1 to 6 months and 1 to 4 years the increase in the absolute number of leukocytes, lymphocytes, T-lymphocytes, cytotoxic T-lymphocytes, B-lymphocytes was oserved as compared with their healthy coevals. By contrast, under similar comparison within the age group of 6 to 12 months the decrease in percentage of lymphocytes and absolute number of NK-cells was determined. Gender-based division of children under study supported the necessity in taking into account this factor yet in this early age. It was shown that both in perinatal contact and under the progression of HIV infection the reaction of male and female bodies differed. Data obtained from the phenotyping of blood from healthy children in the city of Perm were compared with those provided from American and Chinese investigations. Resulting differences primarily depended on the age range of the children and were frequently related to the absolute cell number that expressed definite markers. Results evidence for the necessity in further temporal specification under the assessment of the state of the immune system in children, and allow developing new criteria for immune system monitoring under the risk of vertical route of HIV infection.

Laboratory and immunological study of male workers in the production of vinyl chloride was conducted. It has established that more pronounced stress of compensatory-adaptive reactions is observed in patients with incipient neurointoxication ("at risk”) in comparison to group of ‘healthy”. With increasing radiation exposure to vinyl chloride, duration (length of) exposure, as well as increasing the concentration of chloride in the blood, showed worsening of changes in the immune system of workers. Installed elevated levels of autoantibodies: the S-100, B-head. Ca-channel and the DNA appear to be indicative of early changes in certain structures of the nervous system. Some of the earliest and most sensitive indicators of the formation of body resistance to unfavorable working environment are: IgM, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-8, autoantibodies to S-100, autoantibodies to the В-head. Ca-channel, autoantibodies to DNA.

The clinical-immunological examination of the employees working under conditions of the exposure to the metal mercury vapors has been performed. The change peculiarities of the immune responses have been revealed in the employees in dependence on the development stage of the neurointoxication with the metallic mercury vapors. The correlation between the changes of the individual immunological parameters associated with the dosed mercury load and its contents in the blood and urine has been indicated.

We investigated immunological paгameters in patients with acute (AVHB) and chronic hepatitis B. It is established that changing the values of immunological parameters can determine the nature of the infection couse in chronic viral hepatitis B and select at least two types of immune response. The first type (hyperergic) is characterized by high values of immunological indicator, determined by increasing the content of CD3+-lymphocytes with a dysregulation in the subpopulation of T-cells and an increase in humoral immunity. The second (hypoergic) — decrease in the number of T-cells, CD4+- and CD8+-lymphocytes, and various types of immunoglobulins. When AVHB development of acute infection is associated with a reduction in the number of T-lymphocytes, mainly due to the population of CD4+-lymphocytes, increased concentration of immunoglobulins and the CIC, which also indicates the hypoergic type of immune response in acute viral infection.

The subject of the research is to determine the tactics and the effectiveness of the diet therapy for the children suffered from the food allergy. We examined 162 children with skin, respiratory, combined and gastrointestinal forms of food allergy at age from 1 to 18 years. The effectiveness of the diet therapy turned out to depend on finding the right allergens that cause the illness and the allergens that take part in cross-reactions it also depends on quantity of allergens that take part in the progress of allergic inflammation and lingering of illness.

The results of bacteriological examination of scatological material from children with allergic diseases (atopic dermatitis, bronchial asthma combined with allergic rhinitis, dermal and respiratory syndrome, allergic rhinitis) in Irkutsk are presented. The study involved 62 patients aged from 1 year to 17 years. Significant deviations from the microecological norm were revealed: of lactic acid bacteria — 75,8 %, while the number of bifidobacteria was reduced in 58 % of patients. The most frequently identified opportunistic bacteria were S. aureus (24,2 %) and K. pneumoniae (14,5 %).

The content of autoantibodies to TNF in the sera of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in conjunction with the definition of soluble receptors and TNF was investigated. A significant increase in the content of TNF and I and II types soluble receptors to TNF in sera of RA patients in the acute stage and of responding to therapy RA patients compared with relatively healthy donors was demonstrated. In determining autoantibodies subclasses a significant increase in the relative content of subclasses IgG2, IgG3 and IgG4 autoantibodies in sera of RA patients in the acute stage compared with relatively healthy donors, as well as a significant increase in the relative content of subclasses IgG2 and IgG4 autoantibodies in RA patients in the acute stage compared with RA patients, responding to therapy were shown. Thus we have shown the presence of antibodies, soluble receptors to TNF and cytokine in the serum of relatively healthy donors and RA patients, herewith taking into account significant changes in the relative content of the subclasses of autoantibodies and in the content of TNF and soluble receptors we can talk about the functional role of the autoantibodies and soluble receptors to TNF in the pathology.

This study investigates the characteristics of immune response in women with reproductive disorders with chronic endometritis and in its absence. Reproductive disorders are accompanied by decrease of anti-infective protection of the organism with is associated with secondary immunodeficiency state with the suppressive activity of T-lymphocytes end changes of phagocytes chain of immune system.

The results of the research established determination of immunologic marker for prognosis of intranatal infection. The authors performed a comparative study of the immunity values of women in a risk group for prenatal infection. As it was shown when prenatal infection develops, there is an increase in the content of proinflammatory cytokines in the pregnant woman serum and activation of the ingestion rate. Account the results to devise an algorithm the pregnant woman care.

Multiple sclerosis (RS) patients were treated with a vaccine consisted of autological mielin-reactive T-cells. Effector memory CD8+ CD45RO+CD62L- T-cells as well as central memory CD4+ CD45RO+CD62L+ and CD8+ CD45RO+CD62L+ T-cells were significantly increased in MS patients as compared with levels in healthy individuals. T-cells vaccination had no effect on the T-cells memory subpopulation composition. However, vaccine-treated RS patients had significant (by 2 fold) reduction of relative quantity of CD4+IFNγ+IL-4— and CD8+IFNγ+IL-4— memory T-cells, as well as suppression by 6 fold of CD4+ memory cells number, which produce both kinds of cytokines.

The article is devoted to the research of peculiarities of immunity in patients with allergic rhinosinusitis (AR) depending on immune pathological background of allergic reaction triggering. 310 patients with AR were examined and divided into 4 types: patients with atopy, with antibody-dependent cytotoxic type, with immune complex type, with hypersensibility of slow type and the control group — 87 patients. In the groups the state of immunity and cytokine status were studied. In patients with atopy, cytotoxic and immune-complex types of rhinocinusitis activation of humoral immunity, and in patients with hypersensibility of slow type — activation of cellular immunity were revealed.

65 patients with infection-dependent and mixed forms of bronchial asthma have been provided with immunotherapy with VP-4. With the help of multivariate analysis there have been defined the main efficacy criteria and the mathematical prediction model of the positive effect of this therapeutic method have been made.

The article presents the results of the research of CD3/CD28-induced production of interleukin-2 by blood lymphocytes in vitro as well as subpopulation composition of peripheral blood T-lymphocytes in patients with drug-sensitive and drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis. We detected the decrease in the total amount of CD3-positive cells and suppression of IL-2- secretion during CD3/CD28-induction of lymphocytes, which was most expressed in a disseminated form of drug-resistant TB. We also demonstrated the reduction in the percentage value of CD3+CD28+IL-2+ and CD3+CD28+IL-2^- cells in patients with pulmonary TB against the background of the increase in the percentage value of CD3+CD28^-IL-2^-. Besides, it was also shown that the detected changes are unidirectional, don't depend on a clinical form of TB and are maximally manifested in patients with a drug resistant variant of the TB process.

The correlation between immune response to benzo(a)pyrene and progesterone in combination with detoxification enzyme gene polymorphism (CYPIA2*1F and GSTTI) and the occurrence of congenital malformations of the fetus was revealed. It is shown that at high ratio of IgA-antibodies to benzo(a)pyrene and to progesterone in conjunction with the mutant allele of the gene CYPIA2*1F and the deletion genotype of the gene GSTTI chance of the reproductive pathology developing increases to 41 times.

To assess clinical-immunological efficiency of an immunomodulator reaferon-ES-lipinta 70 people with chronic tonsillitis (41 women and 29 men) were surveyed in dynamics. Among them. 30 people had Epstein — Barr virus infection (1^st group), and in 40 people (the 2^nd group) Streptococcus pyogenes was diagnosed. The features of local immunity at chronic tonsillitis associated with the EBV infection were revealed. They are characterized by increase of IL-10 in the high point of an illness and of IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-4 on the 7^th day of research in saliva of patients with the EBV infection. Conservative treatment of patients with chronic tonsillitis associated with the EBV infection of the reaferon-EC-lipint provided acceleration of normalization of a local profile of cytokine and was clinically effective in 63,3 % of cases.

The correction of impaired functions of in vitro generated interferon-alpha-induced dendritic cells (IFN-DCs) in patients with malignant brain tumors (n = 8), malignant lymphomas (n = 14) and pulmonary tuberculosis (n = 26) was analyzed in the present study. The principal possibility of restoring reduced functional activity of patient DCs was shown. The addition of recombinant human IL-2, complex of pro-inflammatory cytokines, double-stranded human DNA or polyoxidonium to IFN-DC cultures at the stage of maturation could significantly increase the allostimulatory activity of DCs in patients with malignant lymphomas and pulmonary tuberculosis, as well as enhance the cytotoxic activity of cancer patient DCs against NK- and TRAIL-resistant tumor cell line HEp-2. These findings offer new approaches to the correction of DC dysfunctions in the pathology and justify ways of improving the treatment of infectious diseases and cancer using dendritic cell vaccines.

Chronic generalized periodontitis in the old-aged patients with coronary heart disease is accompanied by an imbalance in the content of some components of complement, hyperproduction s.IgA, IgG, IgM, elevated concentration of IL-8, IL-1α and low content of IL-4, high levels of the antibodies to HSP-70 in saliva and blood. Local anti-inflammatory therapy of chronic periodontitis does not restore normal immunity status. These data are pathogenic substantiation of the including immunocorrective therapies in to conventional treatment at periodontitis.

270 teenagers without acute inflammation signs at the moment of the examination living in the industrial centers of Eastern Siberia have been examined. The declinations from the reference levels of the relative autoantibody content to native DNA were found to observe in 23.5 %, to β2-glycoprotein I — in 47.0 %, to Ig G Fc-fragment— in 31.3 % of the cases. It was revealed that gyperimmunoresponsiveness of the autoantibodies to β2- glycoprotein. I may be followed by the increase in the concentration of γ-interferon. The fluctuations of the of interleukin 2 and 10 contents and α-interferon in the dependence on the immunoresponsiveness were found to be in the range of the reference values.

We studied surface expression of trigger receptor, expressed by myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1) on various subpopulations of monocytes before direct revascularization of myocardium with artificial blood flow and in early postoperative period. We registered that various expression of TREM-1 on the surface corresponds to subpopulations of monocytes, and the highest level is observed on CD14hiCD16+ monocytes. By the 1st day of postoperative period elevation of surface expression of TREM-1 occurs on all subpopulations of monocytes, testifying to enlargement of their proinflammatory potential.

Analysis of association, between several DNA repair gene polymorphisms and the level of chromosomal aberrations (CAs) in lymphocytes was performed in two groups: a group of 215 patients with lung cancer and a control group of 152 donors. In the group patient with lung cancer the level of CAs shows a significant increase in the carrier of genotypes: XPD TG and XPD GG vs XPD TT. In the control group level of CAs shows a significant increase in the carrier of genotype ADPRT ТС vs ТТ.

The safety and effectiveness of in vitro generated M2-like macrophages for treatment of patients with ischemic and hemorrhagic brain stroke in reparative and residual periods has been evaluated. A single endolumbar administration of autologous M2-like macrophages in the mean dose of 17,9 х 10⁶ cells was conducted in 13 patients with ischemic (n = 10) and hemorrhagic (n = 3) brain stroke. At 6 months after cells administration all the patients had clinical Improvement. NIHS score decreased from 8,6 ± 1,06 to 4,4 ± 0.55 (p = 0,0008), several patients showed the decrease of sensitiveness impairments, improvement of cognitive functions and enhanced quality of life. Thus, we demonstrated an ability of generation M2-like macrophages from patients with brain stroke. Endolumbar administration of these cells was safe andi didn't cause severe adverse effects and complications andi — in preliminary data — improvedi motional and cognitive functions.

There had been 935 people examined native to Turochaksky district of the Altai Republic (663 — indigenous people (Tubalars) and 272 — non-indigenous population) so as to identify the proportion of population with hypertension, assessment of risk factors and genetic predisposition to the disease according to the blood systems such as ABO, Rh, MN, P and Kell. The proportion of people with hypertension in the Altai Republic was 38.6 % among Tubalars and 40.8 % among non-indigenous population. The high body mass index (BMI) — (Quetelet index) values and. index: waist / hip and. waist circumference are associated, with risk of hypertension, for both ethnic groups, but only Tubalars have such risk factors as smoking and salt abuse. There had been revealed some ethnic differences in the distribution for such systems as blood group Rh factor, and MN. The indigenous ethnic group is marked with a risk of hypertension for the people with Rh(-) blood group, positive associative connection with the disease for those with the phenotype of MN and the resistance for the persons with the blood group Rh(+) and. the phenotype of NN.

Psychological stress connects with increased level of substance P, wherewith there may be interconnection between psychosomatic component and neuroimmunologic one in the chronic urticaria. Modern methods of findings statistical manipulation have been used in this work. Neuroimmunologic criteria of psychogenic urticaria were defined by the use of ROC-analysis. Substance P role in the pathogenesis of the disease have been indicated, correlation between substance P level and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity have been corroborated. Assessment of anxiety disorders level have been carried out.

Pertussis is an urgent pediatric problem due to its frequency and severity in the first year of life. One of the most threatening complications of pertussis is pneumonia. In a parallel, non-randomized open-label study we have demonstrated clinical efficacy and safety of immunomodulators for the prophylaxis of bacterial complications of pertussis.

1222 patients with suspicion of different autoimmune connective tissue diseases are investigated. Antinuclear antibodies by indirect immunofluorescence reaction, by methods of ELISA and immunoblotting were determined. Laboratory tests results correlated with each other that testifies to satisfactory comparability of different laboratory methods. The most sensitive method for detection of antinuclear antibodies is indirect immunofluorescence. This is a preferable method for screening of autoimmune connective tissue diseases. At comparison of luminescence types in immunofluorescence test and results of immunoblotting was shown that for each type of a luminescence the set of antibody, revealed by immunoblotting, was characteristic. However, the same antibodies can be found in various types of fluorescence that complicates unequivocal interpretation of immunofluorescence test results. Antibodies to Ro-52 were most often found in all types of fluorescence, and also in the absence of that.

The aim of the study was to investigate the dynamics of serum immunoglobulins from oncological patients in the perioperative period. As a result of investigations, it was established that already at the initial stage of the intraoperative period the IgM concentration was elevated in patients' sera, and persisted up to 3 days after surgical intervention, while exceeding the values of the control group by 30—80 %. At the same time, no significant changes were detected in IgA and IgG levels of examined patients in the perioperative period. The obtained data confirm the expediency of carrying out the monitoring of immunoglobulin levels in oncological patients both in intra-, and postoperative periods and can be used for the assessment of patient's immune status and in the choice of immunocorrecting therapy strategy.

The features of immune response to chemical carcinogen benzo[a]pyrene (Bp) at the patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are investigated. The isotypical distinctions in formation of antibodies (Ab) to Bp at the men with NSCLC in comparison with healthy are revealed. There were more often observed the high levels of IgG Ab-Bp at the men with NSCLC. Thus risk of occurrence NSCLC grows almost in 2 times at high levels of Ab-Bp of a class G.

The associations of polymorphisms in cytokine genes with the infectious form recurrent miscarriage were investigated. Have established, that at the women a genotype AA of a gene TNFA (rs1800629) and combination of genotypes *1/*1 genes IL1RN and GG of a gene IL6 (rs1800795) are involved in pathogenesis recurrent miscarriage.

We investigated immunological parameters in patients with extensive purulent peritonitis (EPP). It is established that the EPP revealed an imbalance in the immune system which is characterized by a deficiency of cellular part and increased activity of the humoral. Status of cellular immunity is determined by the decrease in the EPP number of T- (primarily through fractions of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes and expressing of late activation. marker), NK- and NKT-cells. In the peripheral blood of patients with EPP increases the content of Th-cells and B1-lymphocytes. Status humoral immunity in the EPP is characterized by increased Ig A and Ig G levels. With the help of correlation analysis and the separate definition of the entropy of the lymphocytes phenotypic composition and immunoglobulins found an increase in regulatory effect on the humoral immunity.

The immune system of patients with urgent surgical pathology is affected by multiple damaging factors. Their action leads to the formation of separate clusters with centers at points corresponding to the optimal characteristics of the immune system. The distance from the cluster center (DC) is closely related to the patient. In order to characterize the features of indicators of the patients in the central and peripheral areas of clusters 442 patients with urgent abdominal pathology were examined. Using the number of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD16+ lymphocytes allocated six clusters of immune status. We compared the patients belonging to the central and. peripheral quantiles of each cluster. The results show that the peripheral area of the clusters are characterized by high values of indicators of intoxication and severity of the condition. Indicators show most intensity of the immune system and autonomic regulation in the periphery of the clusters. Cluster membership and DC are important criteria for evaluating the severity of the patients and to optimize treatment methods.

In this investigation the phenotypic and functional properties of healthy donor and patient with pulmonary tuberculosis (PT) dendritic cells (DCs) were characterized. We also studied the influence of IL-10 on the phenotype and apoptosis-inducing activity of healthy donor DCs. 60 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis with different proliferative response to antigens of M. tuberculosis (purified protein derivative, PPD) and 40 healthy donors were enrolled in this study. It was revealed that DCs, generated in vitro from PT patient's blood monocytes with GM-CSF+IFN-α, were characterized by increased B7-H1 expression, up-production of IL-10 and reducing of allostimulatory activity in mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC). The endogenous IL-10 production by DCs was correlated with expression of B7-H1 in the general group of persons. It was revealed that addition of IL-10 to semi-mature DCs of healthy donor results in increasing of B7-H1 expression, diminishing of allostimulatory activity and enlargement of pro-apoptogenic activity of DCs.

The рарег presents the results of measurements of cytokine levels in serum and conditioned medium of PBMC cultures from the patients with atopic dermatitis with the exacerbation and remission in comparison with the healthy donors. We have shown that the serum levels of the key cytokines IL-5 and IL-13, proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-6 and the main Th1 cytokine — IFNγ — were higher compared to healthy donors. In the conditioned media of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in contrast, we have found a significant decrease of the spontaneous secretion of key cytokines IL-10 and IL-17. We have shown that the stimulated secretion of IL-5 and IL-13, IL-12 and INF-γ is significantly reduced in comparison with the control level. Only IL-1β revealed a statistically significant higher level of stimulated secretion without exacerbation of atopic dermatitis. The contemporary therapy has no effect on cytokine production.

Appendix as one their major part of immune system., not only carries out immunological supervision in an organism of the person, but also can serve as "shock" body of development of an allergic inflammation. Morphological changes observed in the inflamed shoot, reveal a number of the features inherent on the one hand in the form of disease, from other side — genesis of inflammation. In the review changes of a functional condition of immune system and morphological features appendix at patients with acute appendicitis, testifying in favor of allergic genesis inflammation are specified.

A study of the peculiarities of clinical manifestations and immunity in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia, depending on the stage of disease was made. In patients at admission were more prevalen t shortness of breath, palpitations, lymphadenopathy, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, hemorrhagic manifestations. Patients diagnosed at any stage had immune disturbances, with the greatest change — in the terminal stage. In patients in an expanded and in the terminal stages T-cell immunodeficiency developed. The peculiarity of the terminal stage was the reduction of NK-cells and B-lymphocytes.

Psoriatic arthritis is a chronic progressive disease of joints developing along with psoriasis. Likewise arthritis and psoriasis alone, it represents the systemic multifactorial disease of unknown etiology; therefore prevention of the disease is inefficient. Genetic predisposition to psoriatic arthritis development is proposed with essential role of genes coding for cytokines, the main mediators of immune response. A study of the prevalence of polymorphisms of the genes of anti-inflammatory cytokines IL4 (C-590T) and IL10 (C-597A) in patients with psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis and healthy donors was carried out. The prevalence of the polymorphisms in the European population of Krasnoyarsk was obtained. An association of the C-590T polymorphic marker of the promoter region of the IL4 gene with psoriatic arthritis was established. The obtained results suggest that the C-590 allele is a contributing factor to heavier course of psoriasis and the development of bone system pathology.

On the basis of the analysis of own and literary data, proved the interaction psychophysiologic and immunologic parameters in healthy people and in patients with bronchial asthma. The main accent was made on the investigation of the role of the functional asymmetry of a brain, as the base phenomenon defining features of mental, vegetative and immunologic activity.

Currently, there is a hypothesis about the presence of congenital metabolic disorders of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), which plays a role in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis. It is postulated deficit of deltafunction 6-desaturase, which leads to a lack of content in the cell membranes of derivatives of linoleic acid (gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) and arachidonic acid digomolinolenovoy). In addition, it is suggested a deficit of ω3-PUFA in atopic diseases. The composition of fatty acids of red blood cells in children with AD. Obtained by reduction of 14:0, 16:1 ω7, 18:1ω9 and 18:3ω6 (GLA) acids in erythrocyte membranes in children. The relationship between the level of GLA to the severity of AD. The complete absence of HCA in the membranes was detected in 83 % of children with severe AD, 60 % with mild AD and 41 % of healthy children, p1-3 = 0,033 It is suggested that the decrease in GLA in cell membranes may be the target of therapeutic intervention in children with AD. At the same time, our study found no evidence of ω3-PUFA deficiency in children with AD.

The formation of definite phenotype in atopic bronchial asthma is associated with interaction between environment factors and peculiarities of endogenous constitution. We have carried out the analysis of peculiarities of immunological status, cytokine regulation of cellular interactions collectively with environment factors. We have revealed the predictors of non-controllable course of atopic bronchial asthma in children.

The maintenance of CD4+CD25+^/high and CD4+CD25+CD127 — regulatory T-cells in a peripheral, menstrual blood and an endometrial tissue in different phases of a menstrual cycle is investigated. It is shown that in a phase of average secretion the number of regulatory T-cells is increased. Thus quantity of CD4+CD25+increased in peripheral circulation, and in an endometrial tissue number of CD4+CD25+CD127^- cells grew.

The analysis of cytokine status indicators in adolescents indigenous and migrant populations Khabarovsk Territory has revealed differences in their content depending on the power of quantitative and qualitative composition of the daily diet. Established ethnic characteristics cytokine profile associated primarily with the content of interferon's. Significantly higher concentration of cytokines IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4 and TNF-α and IFN-α was detected in peripheral blood serum of adolescents who are inmates of the orphanage in both ethnic groups, compared with adolescents living in a family environment. Correlations were defined between the content of proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamin C in diet and indicators of cytokines.

The aim of the study was to found the peculiarities of immunity and lymphocytes metabolism depending on the clinico-pathogenetic variants of bronchial asthma. It is found increased the leukocyte content and concentration of immunoglobulin classes G, E in both group atopic and. In the group of atopic asthma patients increased the CD4+-lymphocytes concentration and in asthmatic triad patients increased HLA-DR+-cells content. Activation of the immune system in patients with bronchial asthma is provided by appropriate adjustment of lymphocytes metabolism - the general effectors of immunity. It is reduced the intensity of the reactions of the citric acid cycle through the key and auxiliary enzymes for the intensification of malate-aspartate shunt which characterizes the increase in energy processes in lymphocyte of patients with atopic and pseudoatopic bronchial asthma. In addition, the citric acid cycle is substrate deficiency-reduced the α-ketoglutarate formation of glutamic acid, and the reverse synthesis of amino acids increased, which characterizes the amino acid synthesis activation in blood lymphocytes of pseudoatopic patients. Also in the blood lymphocytes of asthmatic triad patients reduced activity of antioxidant enzyme glutathione reductase.

Article contains the data on frequency of mycoplasmosis and chlamydiosis of different pathogenic forms of bronchial asthma (BA) in the city of Krasnoyarsk and town of Kyzil in regard to ethnical belonging. The problems of Mycoplasma and Chlamydia pathogenicity as a whole had been discussed. We have determined clinical peculiarities of mycoplasmosis and chlamydiosis in BA: low-grade fever, obtrusive cough with purulent sputum dyspnea and respiration function (RF) disturbances of mixed character.

The article describes the results of therapy with autologous activated. T-lymphocytes in patients with atopic dermatitis. Has been shown high clinical efficacy and safety of this therapy in the treatment of patients with both allergic and nonallergic form of the disease. In the allergic form observed more rapid positive changes, but in the opposite form of the efficiency was higher. Influence on cellular immunity in different forms differed. If the allergic form there was an increase of CD8+ T-cells in the nonallergic form — increased CD8+CD25+ T-cells and changes in delayed-type hypersensitivity.

The study was devoted to development of non-invasive methods for diagnosis of liver fibrosis in patients with chronic viral hepatitis (CVH). The stepwise logistic multivariate regression analysis of biochemical (PTI, glucose, albumin, AST, LDH) and immunological parameters (the functional activity of neutrophils and monocytes, the relative content of CD8+ T- and CD19+B-cells) was used for the establishment of diagnostic model. Based on the multiple regression analysis we derived a 2 novel Integral Indexes of Liver Fibrosis (IILF-biochem and IILF-immun, respectively). It is shown that IILF-biochem allows, without resorting to liver biopsy to predict the appropriate stage of fibrosis in CHV patients with diagnostic accuracy of 86—87 %, and in combination with IILF — at 97.7 %.

In this paper we studied the frequency of allelic variants of genes TNFRI at positions -609 and -1207 and TNFRII at positions -1709 and -3609 in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and in population control group. It was shown that the resulting frequency distribution of alleles and genotypes of TNFRI gene promoter in a group of population control is characteristic for Asian populations, for TNFRII gene polymorphisms and the frequency distribution differed from the European and Asian populations. Comparative analysis of allele and genotype frequencies of TNFRI gene promoter at positions -609 and -1207 and TNFRII and -3609 and positions -1709 in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and in population control group showed no statistically significant differences. However in the analysis of combinations has been shown that in patients with rheumatoid arthritis compared with the control population was significantly less common combination of genotypes TNFRI-609GT + TNFRII-3609CC.

In this work intensity of immunity to diphtheria on the basis of indicating antitoxic antidiphtherial antiboies level in the blood sera of healthy adults aged 20 to 51 and elder, living in England, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Russia and Finland is analyzed. Diphtheria disease incidence shift through the epidemic in 1993—1996 in Russia to the elder age groups had resulted in inclusion of obligatory adults revaccination each 10 years after the last revaccination of teenagers in 14 year in 1998. Chosen tactics of vaccinal prevention of diphtheria didn't find reflection in National prophylactic immunization calendars of other countries including European, except Finland. On the basis of the received analysis for optimization of diphtheria vaccinal prevention, authors offer: to transfer a revaccination of children from age of 18 months to age of 3—6 years (according to the scheme in Italy, England, Finland); to carry out vaccination of adults individually depending on antitoxic antibodies concentration in blood sera.

The impact of bone marrow-derived multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells of a bone brain (MSCs BB) on the speed of polycaprolactone and polyhydroxyalkanoate scaffolds biodegradation was studied. The presence of cells on the scaffolds surface was found to catalyze their resorption. 2 months after MSCs-covered scaffolds had. been subcutaneously implanted in rats they degraded completely while scaffolds, which had no MSCs cover, had partially resorbed by that time. The obtained results make necessary further studying of MSCs impact mechanisms on biopolymers resorption speed.

An important parameter of immunotropic preparation effect is the influence on the production of cytokines that provide the interaction between the effectors of both congenital and adaptive immunity. Cytokine level was determined in the work while using the methods of mucosal immunization with Immunovac-VP-4 and compared with the subcutaneous introduction of this preparation. In case of intranasal and peroral methods of antigen application IL-5, IL-6, and IL-12 expression was found to be elevated, the same was true for IL-1β, IL-5, IL-6, IL-12, and IFN-γ under the subcutaneous immunization. Resulting mice cytokine profile confirmed that irrespective of the method of Immunovac introduction, the activation of immune effectors occurred that was manifested in the increase in proinflammatory and regulatory cytokine levels. It was concluded that the introduction of opportunistic microbial antigens initiated the activation of the cascade of immunologic reactions and under the influence of synthesized cytokines the polarization of immune response was involved that was predominantly of Th1 type.

In present work the influence of chronic immobilization stress on bactericidal activity of alveolar macrophages after capsaicin application on the neck division of the right vagus nerve and intramuscular administration of leuenkephaline analog dalargine was studied. It was shown that stress is accompanied by the increase of macrophagal bactericidal activity whereas the exhausting of neuropeptides deposit in vagus nerve attenuates this activation. Dalargine caused additional augmentation of bactericidal activity of alveolar macrophages in comparison with stress.

The effect of hyperstimulation of the primary immune response was showed by additional introducing of antigen in the late log-phase of the primary IgM-response. The multiple increase of IgM-and IgG-antibody productive cells (АРС) in the spleen during the primary response was accompanied by suppression of anamnestic response. The injection of hydroxyurea (an inhibitor of DNA synthesis) together with the additional introduction of the antigen at the late log-phase of the primary IgM-response reduces the rise of IgM-APC, but does not abolish the stimulation of the primary and secondary IgG-APC formation. This fact indicates that proliferative processes play an important role in the stimulation of IgM-response induced by reinjection of the antigen. The stimulation of proliferation of B-lymphocytes which differentiate into antibody productive cells significantly reduces the pool of memory cells and consequently, suppresses secondary immune response.

Composite preparation of tumor necrosis factor alpha and rheopolyglukin and polyethylene glycol (TNF-α+PG+PEG) was obtained. The specific activity of the samples was 4,13 х 10⁷ IU/mg. The cytolytic activity of drugs TNF-α+PG+PEG and rhTNF-α did not change after 4 months when stored at 6 °С. Preparation TNF-α+PG+PEG provided a moderately prolonged elevation of TNF-alpha in blood of laboratory mice in contrast to TNF-α when they applied to the skin. The composite preparation did not have toxic, allergic and locally irritating action in experiments on laboratory animals.

Syngeneic splenocyte transplantation leads to lymphopenia development in intact mice owing to decreased proliferative activity of bone marrow hematopoietic progenitor cells. In the mice with induced chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) transfer of syngeneic lymphocytes has little or no effect on the level of already existing lymphopenia, but increases its duration. These results are in close agreement with the received evidences that transfer of syngeneic cells increases frequency of autoimmune glomerulonephritis at cGVHD. Thus, results of research speak in favor of conclusion that lymphopenia and initiated by it homeostatic proliferation play a pathogenetic role in the development of autoimmune reactions at cGVHD.

The morphofunctional estimation of the immune status of a lymph node of animals of old. age is spent in experiment. Data has shown decrease in immune function of the lymph node because of a fibrosis process of cells depletion of paracortex structure in the conditions of a lymphopoiesis reduction. The ageing strengthens the cellular immunity that is characterized by increase in paracortex size at preservation of a parity of lymphoid nodules with the germinative centre and without the germinative centre. The phytotherapy strengthens proliferative processes accompanied by increase of number of cells in lymphoid nodules, stimulates of macrophage reaction and increases number of plasmablasts in all structurally and functional zones of a lymph node of animals of old age. There is a formation of the immune answer on the mixed type in the conditions of phytotherapy. The result has practical importance for use of the immunefocused phytotherapy in programs of endoecological rehabilitations taking into account the age factor

In experiments on animals have shown that the use of ceruloplasmin in acute submaximal exercise capacity leads to an increase in neutrophilic leukocytes pool with a change in their functional activity. Increased ability to form aggregates of leukocyte, decrease in chemotaxis. Phagocytic function changes ambiguously — activity of phagocytosis increases, and the intensity decreases.

In view of abundance of autoimmune diseases of thyroid, gland, Graves' disease in particular, the role of immune regulation and the possibility of controlling it by estimating the function of regulatory T-limphocytes are important questions today. Available for practical estimation of T- and B-lymphocytes tolerance disorder in GBD are serum, levels of Th1-and Th2-marker cytokines. Experimental exogenous thyreotoxicosis in Wistar rats showed significant increase in serum Il-1β, IFN-γ and Il-10 depending on the increase of thyroid hormones, as well as significant changes in correlation between pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines with the shift towards Th1-marker cytokines in supernatant thyroid glands of the animals with thyreotoxicosis.

It was demonstrated that in vitro treatment with caffeine splenocytes of mice (CBAxC57Bl / 6) F1 with a passive type of behavior in «open field» modifies the functional activity of these cells, manifested in changes in spontaneous and induced cytokine production; the intravenous injection of these cells is accompanied by modulation of the parameters of the motor and exploratory activity of recipients, the nature of which depends on the dose of caffeine. At the same time were shown some changes in the synthesis of cytokines by brain cells of mice-recipients. Possible mechanisms for modulating effect of transplanted immune cells on recipient's behavior were discussed.

Immunophenotypic and morphological peculiarities of immune reactions under intranasal, peroral and subcutaneous introduction of multicomponent vaccine Immunovac VP-4 containing a group of opportunistic bacterial antigens were investigated. The investigated preparation was found to cause marked activation of congenital immunity effectors both in parenteral and mucosal immunization. It is manifested in the expression of differential, costimulatory, adhesive molecules on the surface of mononuclear leukocytes in proliferation of key mucosal immunity effectors (γδТ, В1, NK cells), and changes in structure, cellular composition of immunocompetent organs both regional and distant as to the site of introduction. Currently existing data on effects and mechanisms of vaccine and immunomodulator mucosal introduction allows considering the development of mucosal mono- and associated vaccines as the priority direction in modern vaccinology.

The paper presents evidence that the susceptibility of monocyte-derived cells to the Hantaviral infection increases when they reach the final stage of differentiation. In view of the phylogenetic homogeneity of these cells, the data obtained in the study of their interaction with Hantavirus can be extrapolated to monocytic cells of origin of mammals. It is indicated that Hantaviruses are resistant to the effects of monocytes/macrophages and are capable of intracellular replication in them breaking thus the biological barrier preventing the spread of the pathogen from the primary site of infection and protects against infected sensitive cells of various organs. With respect of neutrophils revealed that hantavirus showing cytopathogenic properties, as indicated by the appearance of apoptotic cells and modified periods of reduced viability of the cell culture.

In the present study we characterized the effect of transplantation of bone marrow and adipose tissue MSCs in the model of brain injury in rats. This study was performed on Wistar rats (males and females in equal proportions with body weight of 250—270 g; n = 50). Traumatic brain injury was produced, by original spring-loaded, mechanism to precise dosing of impact force. Neurological disorders were assessed by Chen scale, a vertical grid test and a Morris water maze. MSC injections on day 1 were accompanied by a significant reduction in neurological deficit in compare with the control group. Adipose tissue derived MSCs were found to have a more pronounced effectiveness than MSCs obtained from bone marrow.

Immunization with xenogeneous tissue antigens is able to interrupt innate immune tolerance interfering immune response to autological analogues. The main part of the differentiation antigens is known to be normally expressed on the surface of numerous organs cells including testis. Thus, anticancer vaccine based on sheep testis spermatogenic epithelium lysed cells reveals notable protective effect in experiment. In this work we decided to investigate immunological aspects of the vaccination resulting in tumor mice lifetime increase. Following, testicular antigen vaccination of the tumor mice is established in addition to the lifetime increase to cause substantial helper and regulatory cells subpopulation increase to stimulate neutrophil release and to intensify tumor neutrophil infiltrate.

The characteristics of cell's phases experimental aseptic inflammation with indicate levels of interleukin-1β, interleukin-10, corticosterone are presented. The area of aseptic inflammation, have logical relay of cell's populations, IL-1β, IL-10, corticosterone are regulate cell's processes. And by 20 days inflammatory process complete formation dense connective capsule.

The regulatory mechanisms of azoximera bromide on the characteristics of cell's phases experimental microbic inflammation with indicate concentrations of interleukin-1β, interleukin-10, corticosterone are presented. The inflammation of staphylococcus is a chronic process, however azoximera bromide shorten time cell's phases of inflammation, activate functions of inflammatory cells, optimizate synthesis of interleukins and corticosterone, preclude from chronization inflammation.

In the experiment on the integral evaluation criteria we studied neurotoxidty of acrylates — acrylonitrile and acrylamide; moreover the neurotoxidty indices of acrylonitrile were more expressed than those ones of acrylamide. Under production conditions it is revealed that the chronic intoxication by acrylonitrile causes the development of the syndromes of the defeat of nervous system in people. Is established the dependence of gravity of defeat on the period of professional contact with the poison and its content in air of working zone, and also on the content of acrylonitrile, connected with hemoglobin of erythrocytes in this birth cohort.

We investigated the influence of factors of the acute phase of inflammation (purified anaphylatoxins C3a and C5a, pentraxin C-reactive protein (CRP), and aggregated. IgG (aIgG) — as an analogue of circulating immune complexes) on the adhesive interaction of human mast cells (MC) with human fibroblasts (FB). HMC-1 MC line and primary human foreskin FB were used. MC or FB were treated with each of the studied inflammatory proteins within 24 h and then the changes in their adhesive properties were examined. Cell adhesion was assessed by flow cytometry. The results showed that all studied proteins increased MC adhesiveness, whereas FB adhesiveness was increased only by anaphylatoxins. Stimulation of the adhesive properties of the MC was associated with increased expression of CD11b and ICAM-1 molecules.

The changes of the cytokines and lipidic spectrum at experimental hyperlipoidemia and arterial hypertensia was made at 20 rats «Vistar» during 6 months. As the material of research was the blood serum. The cytokines was made by the method solid-phase not competitive immune-enzyme analysis with the use of sets: Rat «R&D Diagnostics Inc.», USA. The content of the general cholesterol; triglycerides; LDL; HDL was investigated by the method of standard colorimetric analysis with the use of reagents «Olveks diagnosticum» (Russia). The increasing of the general cholesterol, LDL; HDL, atherogenic coefficient, IFN-γ and IL-1β in blood of animals was revealed. At application of immunomodulator «Galavit» at experimental atherosclerosis the decreasing contains of IL-1, IFN-γ, the level of general cholesterol; LDL; HDL, atherogenic coefficient is fixed.

The aim of the present study was a comparative assessment of the cytotoxic activity of IFNα-induced dendritic cells (IFN-DCs) and IL-4-induced DCs (IL4-DCs) against allo-MLC- activated CD4+ and CD8+T-lymphocytes. It was shown the level of AnnexinV+/PI^- cells corresponding to early apoptosis among CD4+T-lymphocytes was lower in cultures with IFN-DCs compared with IL4-DCs. At the same time the relative number of AnnexinV+/ PI+ cells (late phase of apoptosis/necrosis) among CD4+T-lymphocytes activated by allogenic IFN-DCs and IL4-DCs increased in an equal degree. It was demonstrated that IFN-DCs possesed similar ability to induce apoptosis of CD3+CD8+T-lymphocytes.

The paper presents the results of assessing the effect of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) on the severity of neurological deficit and the brain morphology and function in a model of focal lesions induced by a venous blood flow disorder. Cerebral lesions were induced in Wistar rats by coagulation of the superior sagittal sinus followed by coagulation of cortical veins in the left parietotemporal region. MSCs were injected intravenously on days 1 and 7, and the dynamics of neurological disorders and morphological changes were assessed at 7, 14 and 21 days in comparison to controls. MSCs infusion was accompanied by a significant reduction. in neurological deficit, the most pronounced with MSCs injections on day 1. Morphological investigation of the damaged region have shown that the administration of MSCs led to a decrease in the area of necrosis, stimulation of angiogenesis, and improvement of structural and cellular parameters as compared to the control group. As a result, by day 21 the area of necrosis in animals with MSC transplantation was replaced by glial-mesodermal scar, whereas the scar formation in control animals was less pronounced, and in some cases was accompanied by cystic transformation. Transplantation of MSCs has a positive effect on neurological and morphofunctional recovery of the brain in experimental animal models of cerebral venous circulation disorders.

It was established that acute stress in period induction of the local and systemic immune response to thymus-dependent antigen caused an inhibition of expression of delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions, did not effect on antibody production in the regional lymph node under the local response and suppressed of antibody production in the spleen under the systemic immune response. Administration of sotalol hydrochloride (antagonist of beta-adrenoceptors with peripheral action) canceled these changes, that points to participate in their implementation of immunosuppressive signals from the peripheral beta-adrenergic receptors.

It was established that hydrocortisone reduces the phagocytic activity of regional lymph node cells and peritoneal mononuclear phagocytes, but does not affect the relative parameters of the phagocytic activity of peripheral blood monocytes in the effector phase of immune response in rats. Effects of hydrocortisone were significantly modified by the administration of beta-adrenoceptor antagonist propranolol hydrochloride.

It was established that a changes of antibody production and reaction of delayed—type hypersensitivity at the local immune response to thymus-dependent antigen were opposite in rats with varying severity of experimental thyrotoxicosis — stimulation under a mild form of thyrotoxicosis and depression under more severe form. The increase in glucocorticoid level may be involved in the mechanism of immunosuppression under severe form thyrotoxicosis. The administration of agonist or antagonist of beta-adrenoceptors to animals with thyrotoxicosis led to the significant modification of changes of an immune response parameters, that confirms the participation of an increase in the sensitivity to beta-adrenergic regulation of immune system cells in immunomodulation under thyrotoxicosis.

Breakthroughs in cytokine biology, appraisal of their importance in many diseases, and successes of anticytokine therapy have lead to an assumption that cytokines can be used as biomarkers in various clinical settings. The aim of this review is to discuss some data from the literature and our own data pertaining to the use of cytokines as biomarkers for the assessment of disease burden, prognosis, diagnosis, and prediction of response to treatment.

The problem of comorbidity is one of the most important problems in clinical immunology. The commonest non-organ specific autoimmune diseases — rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and psoriasis are linked with accelerated atherosclerosis progression and increased cardiovascular risk. In autoimmune disorders associated with comorbidities the use of multitargeted drugs holds a promise. Examples of such drugs include the inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (statins) and agonists of PPARα (fibrates) which exert antiinflammatory, immunomodulating, and anti-atherogenic activities. In this review we summarize our own research on statins and fibrates pre-clinical pharmacology, their efficacy and safety in patients with RA and psoriasis.