Молекулярные механизмы персистенции адгезивно-инвазивных Escherichia coli в организме хозяина

Адгезивно–инвазивные Escherichia coli (AIEC), которые приобрели способность прикрепляться и проникать внутрь эпителиальных клеток, выживать и размножаться внутри макрофагов, а также провоцировать воспалительный процесс, привлекают особое внимание исследователей в связи с тем, что они рассматриваются в качестве одного из участников патогенеза такого тяжёлого хронического воспалительного заболевания желудочно-кишечного тракта (ЖКТ), как болезнь Крона (БК). AIEC представляют собой филогенетически разнообразную группу бактерий, не имеющую генетических детерминант, характерных для патогенных E. coli, и обладающую уникальной метаболической пластичностью, что позволяет им адаптироваться к различным условиям. В настоящее время, один из ключевых вопросов исследований заключается в том, являются ли AIEC триггером БК или же они лишь адаптируются к уже существующему воспалению, используя его для выживания и размножения на фоне сниженного иммунитета слизистой оболочки и нарушения барьерной функции кишечного эпителия. Отдельный интерес представляет изучение механизмов и причин трансформации комменсальных E. coli в патогенный фенотип AIEC.

Целью данного обзора является систематизация и анализ научных данных о ключевых молекулярных механизмах, обеспечивающих успешную колонизацию AIEC кишечника человека. В работе подробно рассматриваются стратегии AIEC преодолевать слой слизи, механизмы адгезии–инвазии и способность выживать и реплицироваться в макрофагах, пластичность метаболизма, позволяющая утилизировать альтернативные источники углерода, способность к образованию биопленок и устойчивость к антибиотикам и антимикробным пептидам.

Для подготовки использовали обзорные и экспериментальные статьи, доступные в полном формате в базе данных PubMed, с использованием ключевого слова «адгезивно–инвазивные Escherichia coli» (AIEC). В качестве фильтра использовали статьи с 1998 года, когда появились первые публикации о AIEC.

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