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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">actabiomedica</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Acta Biomedica Scientifica</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Acta Biomedica Scientifica</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2541-9420</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-9596</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific Centre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29413/ABS.2026-11.2.8</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">actabiomedica-6063</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МИКРОБИОЛОГИЯ И ВИРУСОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MICROBIOLOGY AND VIRUSOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Молекулярные механизмы персистенции адгезивно-инвазивных Escherichia coli в организме хозяина</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Molecular mechanisms of persistence of adherent-invasive Escherichia coli in the host organism</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5265-7627</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Побегуц</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pobeguts</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Побегуц Ольга Владимировна - кандидат биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории протеомного анализа.</p><p>119435, Москва, Малая Пироговская, д. 1а</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga V. Pobeguts - Cand. Sc. (Biol.), Senior Research at the Proteomic Analysis Laboratory, Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency.</p><p>Malaya Pirogovskaya, 1a, Moscow 119435</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nikitishena@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3114-8939</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Авшалумов</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Avshalumov</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Авшалумов Александер Сергеевич - лаборант-исследователь лаборатории протеомного анализа.</p><p>119435, Москва, Малая Пироговская, д. 1а</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey A. Avshalumov - laboratory research assistant at the Proteomic Analysis Laboratory, Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency.</p><p>Malaya Pirogovskaya, 1a, Moscow 119435</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alexander.avshalumov@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6724-8050</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Михайлычева</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mikhailycheva</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Михайлычева Мария Валерьевна - лаборант-исследователь лаборатории протеомного анализа.</p><p>119435, Москва, Малая Пироговская, д. 1а</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maria V. Mikhailycheva - laboratory research assistant at the Proteomic Analysis Laboratory, Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency.</p><p>Malaya Pirogovskaya, 1a, Moscow 119435</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mikhailycheva.mv@phystech.edu</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2743-5835</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Горбачев</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gorbachev</surname><given-names>A. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Горбачев Алексей Юрьевич - кандидат биологических наук, заведующий лабораторией протеомного анализа.</p><p>119435, Москва, Малая Пироговская, д. 1а</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexey Yu. Gorbachev - Cand. Sc. (Biol.), Senior Research at the Proteomic Analysis Laboratory, Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency.</p><p>Malaya Pirogovskaya, 1a, Moscow 119435</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gorbachev.a@rcpcm.org</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральный научно-клинический центр физико-химической медицины имени академика Ю.М. Лопухина Федерального медико-биологического агентства</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>27</day><month>05</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>72</fpage><lpage>86</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Побегуц О.В., Авшалумов А.С., Михайлычева М.В., Горбачев А.Ю., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Побегуц О.В., Авшалумов А.С., Михайлычева М.В., Горбачев А.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Pobeguts O.V., Avshalumov A.S., Mikhailycheva M.V., Gorbachev A.Y.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.actabiomedica.ru/jour/article/view/6063">https://www.actabiomedica.ru/jour/article/view/6063</self-uri><abstract><p>Адгезивно–инвазивные Escherichia coli (AIEC), которые приобрели способность прикрепляться и проникать внутрь эпителиальных клеток, выживать и размножаться внутри макрофагов, а также провоцировать воспалительный процесс, привлекают особое внимание исследователей в связи с тем, что они рассматриваются в качестве одного из участников патогенеза такого тяжёлого хронического воспалительного заболевания желудочно-кишечного тракта (ЖКТ), как болезнь Крона (БК). AIEC представляют собой филогенетически разнообразную группу бактерий, не имеющую генетических детерминант, характерных для патогенных E. coli, и обладающую уникальной метаболической пластичностью, что позволяет им адаптироваться к различным условиям. В настоящее время, один из ключевых вопросов исследований заключается в том, являются ли AIEC триггером БК или же они лишь адаптируются к уже существующему воспалению, используя его для выживания и размножения на фоне сниженного иммунитета слизистой оболочки и нарушения барьерной функции кишечного эпителия. Отдельный интерес представляет изучение механизмов и причин трансформации комменсальных E. coli в патогенный фенотип AIEC.</p><p>Целью данного обзора является систематизация и анализ научных данных о ключевых молекулярных механизмах, обеспечивающих успешную колонизацию AIEC кишечника человека. В работе подробно рассматриваются стратегии AIEC преодолевать слой слизи, механизмы адгезии–инвазии и способность выживать и реплицироваться в макрофагах, пластичность метаболизма, позволяющая утилизировать альтернативные источники углерода, способность к образованию биопленок и устойчивость к антибиотикам и антимикробным пептидам.</p><p>Для подготовки использовали обзорные и экспериментальные статьи, доступные в полном формате в базе данных PubMed, с использованием ключевого слова «адгезивно–инвазивные Escherichia coli» (AIEC). В качестве фильтра использовали статьи с 1998 года, когда появились первые публикации о AIEC.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Adherent–invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC), which have acquired the ability to adhere to and penetrate epithelial cells, survive and replicate within macrophages, and provoke inflammation, are attracting particular attention from researchers due to their role in the pathogenesis of Crohn’s disease (CD), a severe chronic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract. AIEC represent a phylogenetically diverse group of bacteria that lack the genetic determinants characteristic of pathogenic E. coli and possess unique metabolic plasticity, allowing them to adapt to various conditions. Currently, one of the key research questions is whether AIEC trigger CD or simply adapt to existing inflammation, exploiting it to survive and replicate in the face of reduced mucosal immunity and impaired intestinal epithelial barrier function. Of particular interest is the study of the mechanisms and causes of the transformation of commensal E. coli into the pathogenic AIEC phenotype.</p><p>The aim of this review is to systematize and analyze scientific data on the key molecular mechanisms that ensure successful colonization of the human intestine by AIEC. This paper examines in detail the strategies of AIEC to overcome the mucus layer, the mechanisms of adhesion and invasion, their ability to survive and replicate in macrophages, their metabolic plasticity that enables the utilization of alternative carbon sources, their ability to form biofilms, and their resistance to antibiotics and antimicrobial peptides. For this study, we used review and experimental articles available in full format in the PubMed database, using the keyword “adherent–invasive Escherichia coli” (AIEC). Articles dating back to 1998, when the first publications on AIEC appeared, were used as a filter.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>адгезивно–инвазивные Escherichia coli (AIEC)</kwd><kwd>воспалительные заболевания кишечника</kwd><kwd>болезнь Крона (БК)</kwd><kwd>патогенез</kwd><kwd>механизмы адаптации</kwd><kwd>персистенция</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>adherent–invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC)</kwd><kwd>inflammatory bowel diseases</kwd><kwd>Crohn’s disease (CD)</kwd><kwd>pathogenesis</kwd><kwd>adaptation mechanisms</kwd><kwd>persistence</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Torres J, Mehandru S, Colombel J-F, Peyrin-Biroulet L. Crohn’s disease. Lancet. 2017; 389(10080): 1741–1755. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31711-1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Torres J, Mehandru S, Colombel J-F, Peyrin-Biroulet L. 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