Ecological aspects of paramyxovirus circulation in wild bird populations on the territory of continental Eurasia

Background. Avian paramyxoviruses (subfamily Avulavirinae) are widespread avian pathogens that constantly circulate in wild and domestic animal populations. The subfamily Avulavirinae is divided into 3 genera, comprising 22 species. Epizootic surveillance of avulaviruses is conducted worldwide and is of critical importance due to their rapid spread via bird migrations. Avian viruses can cause significant economic damage to the poultry industry both in developing countries and in regions with sustainable economic development. Their infectious potential is of great interest and remains poorly understood.

The majority of intercontinental flyways of migratory birds pass through the territory of continental Eurasia, where large numbers of migratory birds congregate in confined areas during stopovers, nesting and wintering. This creates favorable conditions for virus transmission and the emergence of new genetic variants.

Aim. To analyze the species distribution of paramyxoviruses in wild birds across continental Eurasia.

Materials and Methods. As a result of long-term studies of viruses in wild bird populations across continental Eurasia, avian avulavirus isolates were obtained.

Results. Avian avulavirus isolates of APMV -1, -3, -4, -6, -8, -9, -11, -12, -13, -16, -20, and -21 were obtained. APMV-1 and APMV-4 were detected throughout Eurasia, most frequently in Anseriformes. APMV-3, -6, -9, -11, and -12 were recorded in the European part of Eurasia, APMV-8, -13, and -20 in its central part, and APMV-6, -16, and -21 in the Asian part, in Anseriformes, Passeriformes, Charadriiformes, Ciconiiformes, and Psittaciformes.

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