Экологические аспекты циркуляции парамиксовирусов в популяциях диких птиц на территории континентальной Евразии

Цель настоящей работы заключается в анализе видового распространения парамиксовирусов диких птиц на территории континентальной Евразии.

Парамиксовирусы птиц (подсемейство Авулавирусы) — широко распространенные патогены птиц, постоянно циркулирующие в популяциях диких и домашних животных. Подсемейство Авулавирусы разделено на 3 рода, включающих 22 вида. Эпизотоологический надзор за авулавирусами ведется по всему миру и очень важен из-за их быстрого распространения благодаря миграциям птиц. Вирусы птиц способны нанести значительный экономический ущерб отрасли птицеводства. Их инфекционный потенциал представляет собой большой интерес и является малоизученным.

Через территорию континентальной Евразии проходит основная часть межконтинентальных перелетных путей мигрирующих птиц, где на ограниченной местности концентрируется огромное количество перелетных птиц во время стоянок, гнездования и зимовок, что создает благоприятные условия для распространения вирусов и возникновения новых генетических вариантов.

В результате многолетних исследований вирусов в популяциях диких птиц на территории континентальной Евразии были выделены образцы авулавирусов птиц APMV-1, -3, -4, -6, -8, -9,-11, -12, -13, -16, -20, -21. По всей территории Евразии были выявлены APMV-1 и APMV-4, наиболее часто – у гусеобразных. Виды APMV-3, -6, -9, -11, -12 были отмечены в европейской части Евразии, виды APMV-8, -13, -20 в ее центральной части, виды APMV-6, -16, -21 в азиатской части у гусеобразных, воробьинообразных, ржанкообразных, аистообразных, попугаевых.

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