Посттрансляционные модификации белков и их роль в привычном невынашивании беременности: прогнозы и диагностика

Распространенность привычного невынашивания беременности (ПНБ) у женщин по всему миру составляет от 1 до 5 %. Среди известных причин ПНБ в последние годы изучается роль посттрансляционных модификаций белков (ПТМБ) – превращения структуры белков, завершающие формирование их молекулы или участвующие в регуляции функций этой молекулы, и катализируемые специфическими ферментами.
Цель. Оценить роль ПТМБ в патогенезе ПНБ, а также определить потенциальные биомаркеры и терапевтические мишени ПНБ.
Материал. Проведен поиск публикаций по ключевым словам в электронных базах данных PubMed/MEDLINE и Google Scholar, опубликованных до декабря 2024 г.
Результаты. ПТМБ играют важную роль в процессах инвазии трофобласта, децидуализации эндометрия и имплантации эмбриона, что делает их значимыми для понимания нарушений репродуктивной функции. Использование масс-спектрометрии для исследования ПТМБ открывает новые возможности для диагностики и прогноза ПНБ. Эпигенетическая терапия ПНБ демонстрирует эффективность и меньшую вероятность побочных эффектов по сравнению с традиционными методами. Несмотря на значимые перспективы, исследования в этой области сопровождаются трудностями, связанными с неоднородностью терминологии и этическими вопросами.
Заключение. ПТМБ в контексте ПНБ может способствовать улучшению диагностических и терапевтических стратегий в репродуктивной медицине. Необходимы дальнейшие разработки методологий для изучения ПТМБ.

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