Эпидемиология осложнений в анестезиологии и возможные пути их профилактики

Увеличение продолжительности жизни в мире ведёт к росту числа пациентов с полиморбидными заболеваниями, которым в будущем потребуются хирургическое вмешательство и анестезия. Стремление специалистов следовать высоким стандартам клинических рекомендаций при проведении медицинских вмешательств довольно часто сопряжено с риском развития осложнений, особенно при оказании экстренной медицинской помощи. Осложнения при проведении оперативных вмешательств и анестезии могут наблюдаться в учреждениях любого уровня и при оказании помощи у любых специалистов.

Цель. Оценка основных факторов риска, способных вызвать осложнения при оказании анестезиологического пособия.

Материалы и методы. Исследование выполнено в соответствии с международными требованиями отчётности для обзоров (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses). Поиск осуществлялся в поисковых системах PubMed и Cochrane Controlled Clinical Trials Register. Для отбора статей был применён метод поиска по ссылкам литературы. Стратегия поиска не предусматривала ограничений по языку, типу и дате статьи. Критерии включения: полнотекстовые публикации, посвящённые влиянию факторов риска на частоту осложнений при оказании анестезиологического пособия. Критерии исключения: краткие резюме; тезисные публикации без полнотекстового варианта; публикации, не имеющие ключевых слов.

Результаты. В обзоре оценены наиболее частые факторы риска, вызывающие осложнения при проведении анестезиологического пособия, и пути их снижения.

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