The current research is aimed at studying the changes in a ratio of symmetrical to asymmetrical forms based on the counting bilateral characters in Ixodes persulcatus samples in various living conditions. Phenotypic variation was described with the following indices: (of) for a dispersion of the number of bristles at the left and right side; (Sa) for actual and (St) for theoretical number of symmetrical specimens with the supposition of an independent manifestation of such characters at the both sides of a body; and the difference between Sa and St. 4 bilateral characters were studied on the coxae of the fourth leg of the ticks collected by dragging off the plants outside Irkutsk (299 specimens) and Bratsk (156 specimens). The both territories are characterized by an excess of Sa and St. The σ_d² value was proved to be higher among the ticks outside Bratsk where they live in a difficult environment. Given that no differences were revealed in the average values of «Sa-St» index, being characteristic of a subdivision of samples, the observed difference in of values may be considered as a prove of an increased instability during ontogeny under adverse circumstances.

The lecture deals with the issues of classification, etiology, diagnostics and treatment of rectal cancer.

The objective of this study was to identify features of the system of lipid peroxidation - antioxidant protection in 31 women of reproductive age with viral hepatitis A. In women with hepatitis A virus (HAV) (main group) there is an increase in the level of double bonds (31,1%) and active products reacting with thiobarbituric acid (141,7%) with a simultaneous decrease in the content of diene conjugates (69,4%), compared with the same indicators in the control group. The level of antioxidant protection in women in main group unlike the control was characterized by a decrease in total antioxidant activity (25,2%), by the inhibition of the activity of superoxide dismutase (29,1%), by decreasing the concentration of a-tocopherol (42,6%) on the background of increase of retinol level (184,6%). In general, the combination of prooxidant and antioxidant factors at HAV can be considered as a condition of oxidative stress (p < 0,05).

It is known that changes in patients with diffuse liver disease at the vascular level are systemic in nature. Identification of these changes may help predict disease course, the possibility of the therapy revising. 60 patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis, steatohepatitis mixed etiology, viral hepatitis "B" and "C" were examined to evaluate the possibility of non-invasive laser Doppler imaging (LDI) offorecasting the course of various forms of diffuse liver disease. Perfusion (P) c.u; in area of thenar and hypothenar of both hands were estimated by LDI. As a provocative test was applied extended cold test. Difference between initial perfusion and after cold test (AP) was analyzed (%) afterwards. ΔP < 10% was estimated as disturbance of reversibility of tissue microcirculation functional resources, that served as the basis for unfavourable forecasting with high possibility of decompensation development (it was typical of all patients with liver cirrhosis Child - Pugh C and 50% patients with liver cirrhosis Child - Pugh В). ΔP > 10%, pointed out at conservation of microcirculation in these patient and about favourable forecasting of the disease course and lower possibility of decompensation of disease during 12 month (it was typical of all patients with liver cirrhosis Child - Pugh A, steatohepatitis, viral hepatitis and 50% patients with liver cirrhosis Child - Pugh В)

The paper describes the details of electron-microscopic study of the intima of blood vessels of the umbilical cord, produced during childbirth from women undergoing in the 111 trimester of gestation cytomegalovirus infection. It was found that the endothelial cells of the umbilical cord arteries there is a reduction of protein-synthetic and proliferative their functions, as well as the introduction of endothelial apoptosis, with the characteristics of manifestations, expressed degenerative and destructive changes in the cell, the loss of cell-cell contacts, intussusception plasmolemma, the destruction of the cytoskeleton, chromatin condensation, nuclear fragmentation and the formation of apoptotic bodies. Revealed changes in the endothelium may contribute dyscirculatory disorders in arterial vessels of the umbilical cord and to initiate the development of spasm of the arteries. Modification of these functions studied gestational tissues obviously contributes to the reduction of the intensity of the blood flow of the fetus, the development of intrauterine hypoxia.

The results of an epidemiological study of risk factors of HIV infection among women, who inject drugs, are presented in this paper. Incidence of HIV among women during the period from 2005 to 2013 had a significant increasing trend from 2,1 to 63,3 per 100000 women. The predominance of parenteral transmission of HIV, as well as a significant prevalence of substance abuse disorders among women, determined a significant risk of morbidity for women with HIV infection (6,3 per 10,000 women). We included 115 women, taking injection drugs, in our study. Most of the women noted patterns of high risk HIV infection behavior, as well as the lack of knowledge about HIV prevention. 45% of women had been using drugs for 6-11 years, most of them have started using drugs at the age of 16-19 years, 40% of participants have used more than one type of drug, used common needles, syringes, together with other persons, including those with HIV infection. 23,8% of the women mentioned having unprotected sex, including sex with casual sex partners.

A promising direction of dental caries prevention is the use of funds on the basis of calcium, phosphorus and fluorine. In this regard the first step of increasing the resistance of enamel to the action of organic acids formed during the fermenting soft plaque are designed to be caries-preventive activities that contribute to the increase of calcium and phosphorus in the crystal lattice of enamel. In the article a comparison of indicators characterizing the state of the organs and tissues of the mouth of caries-resistant and caries-liable persons before and after courses of preventive measures. Differences in indicators of the condition of dental enamel, periodontal and level of oral hygiene and anticariogenic plaque will optimize the processes of prevention, maximally individualize the purpose of caries-preventive funds.

Dialysis-related amyloidosis (DRA) is a serious complication arising in the context of long-term hemodialysis or continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. DRA predominantly involves the osteoarticular system and is clinically manifested by erosive and destructive osteoarthropathies and carpal tunnel syndrome. The aim of this study was to establish distinguishing features of the DRA in dialysis patients by using ultrasound. Joints and soft tissues of 200 patients with chronic kidney disease receiving dialysis were studied by ultrasound. Fourteen patients (7,0%) had clinically and radiologically evident, biopsy proven DRA. In this group of patients, all patients were receiving hemodialysisfor an average of 168 months. There was positive correlation found between dialysis duration and presence of DRA (Rs = 0,667; p < 0,001). The relationship between presence of DRA and discovered joints changes using ultrasound is analyzed. More frequent involvement in the pathological process shoulder (92,9%) and hip joints (64,3%) was noted. There were statistically significant differences in rotator cuff thickness and hip joint anterior synovial space thickness in patients with DRA compare to general group (p < 0,001). Ultrasound is a highly informative method of diagnosing DRA in patients with end-stage renal disease. It provides detailed soft tissue and joint description substituting other imaging modalities.

A method of the surgical treatment of posttraumatic recurrent shoulder instability with bony defects using porous NiTiis presented. We operated 5 patients using this method. Recurrences of dislocation after surgical treatment have not been recorded. The method is an alternative to Latarjet procedure and iliac crest bone grafting. We use computerized tomography data in the preoperative making of NiTi graft. The graft is sawed from billet having a cylindrical shape about 1 cm thick. Than by using the drill we form two screw holes. A prepared graft is subsequently installed in the area of the glenoid bone defect. The advantages of this method are accurate reconstruction of the bony defect, minimal risk of recurrences, absence of resorption, reduction of procedure time.

Estimation of transcutaneous partial pressure of oxygen is the main noninvasive method of evaluation and study microhaemodynamics and tissue blood supply. Aim of the research: to study the dynamics of transcutaneous partial pressure of oxygen at surgery of aortofemoral segment performed more distally of aortic compression. Material and methods: the survey included 49 patients with arterial sclerotic disease of aortofemoral segment with comorbid Ilb-IV stage chronic lower limb ischemia according to Pokrovsky-Fountain classification, and with II-III stage chronic infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm according to Pokrovsky classification. The patients' age was 52-76y.o. For the assessment of peripheral microhaemodynamics we used the technique of estimation of transcutaneous partial pressure of oxygen (ТсРО₂) with application of multichannel monitor of Radiometer TCM-400 system. The suggested method offers the possibility to evaluate the severity degree of microcirculatory disorders in lower limbs and to assess effectiveness of revascularization process.

The increase of the number of patients with atherosclerosis of the aorta leads to steady growth of the number of operations on aorta-femoral segment. In this regard, Federal programs of Federal funding are created for treatment of this disease. However, a high rate of mortality in cases of standard operations causes surgeons to minimize the volume of surgical treatment. The method of operation of the aorta from short-scar incision is studied quite enough; however, there are some problems, such as incision conversion and intraoperative complications. The aim of this study is to improve the results of operations on the aorta from the short-scar incision by access modeling. We analyzed the results of treatment of 88 patients operated from short-scar incision to the aorta in the Kemerovo Regional Clinical Hospital. Patients were divided into two groups - 55 patients operated without access modeling and 33 patients operated with preoperative access modeling. In the result in the second group there was reduction of incision conversions frequency to 3,03%, also there was reduction of the operation time in comparison with the first group without access modeling, with comparable characteristics of the groups and of the same frequency and nature of complications.

The presbyopia formation in patients with different types of refractive errors has its own characteristics, which are unexplored. The purpose of this study was to identify the regularities of changes of irido-ciliary-lenticular relationships in presbyopia formation in different refractive conditions. 170 patients with various types of refraction (emmetropia, myopia, hyperopia) with or without presbyopia were examined. The infrared pupillometry, the ultrasound biomicroscopy and examination of the eye anterior segment under rotary Scheimpflug camera («Pentacam») were performed besides standard ophthalmic examination. In patients with emmetropic refraction the increase in the size of the lens, the reduction of the thickness of the ciliary body, the narrowing the diameter of the pupil in both photopic and scotopic conditions, the increase in the largest range of pupillary excursion and the first signs of intraocular asymmetry were noted during the formation of presbyopia. Presbyopes with axial myopia were distinguished from presbyopes with emmetropia by more pronounced constriction of the pupil in scotopic lighting conditions and increased intraocular initial asymmetry. The degree of increase in the anterior-posterior size of the lens in presbyopia formation was the most pronounced in the hyperopic eyes. The loss of accommodation in hyperopeswas accompanied by hypertrophy of anterior part of the ciliary muscle and an increase in pupil diameter. The development of presbyopia in patients with different types of refraction increases the initial differences of irido-ciliary-lenticular relationships.

We constructed a test system for dot-immunoassay (DIA) to accelerate definition and identification of botulinus toxins and also to refuse from application of laboratory animals for routine screening of clinical samples, foodstuff and environments. This system permitted to detect botulinus toxin during approximately 2 h in the tested samples. Sensitivity of this DIA in some cases exceeded the mice biotest. This improved method has minimum reaction to nonspecific exposures from the investigated biological substrata. It is simple to conduct. It is high efficient and expressive, does not require to use expensive equipment and the reactants, special training for the personnel. Lyophilization conditions for the immune reagents used for the test system preparation for botulinus toxin dot-immunoassay were selected. High sensitivity, specificity of the analysis are remained, stability of the preparations (periods of storage) is increased. This method is convenient to use in field conditions at extreme situations, in particular, in mobile autolaboratories for epidemiological survey.

The effect of cell envelopes preparations of four subspecies of Francisella tularensis, derived from urea lysates of tularemia microbe on cytokine production by immunocompetent cells of experimental animals has been studied. Stimulating influence of F. tularensis cell envelopes preparations on cytokine synthesis on the 7th day after inoculation was shown. The results showed that the cell envelopes of different subspecies F. tularensis have different stimulatory effect on the production of proinflammatory cytokines and growth factors GM-CSF and G-CSF, further defining the immune system of host.The results allow to consider cell envelopes preparations of F. tularensis as constituent component in the development of subunit vaccines.

The review is devoted to diagnostics and treatment of neuropathic pain in patients with peripheral nervous system diseases. Main assessment tools are shown including Visual analog Scale (VAS), Neuropathic Pain Scale (NPS), Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Symptoms and Signs (LANSS), self-report version of the Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Symptoms and Signs (S-LANSS), Neuropathic Pain Questionnaire (NPQ), Questionnaire Douleur Neuropathique 4 (DN-4), pain DETECT Questionnaire, Standardized Evaluation of Pain (StEP), identification pain questionnaire (ID-pain), clinical investigation (quantitative sensorial test are included), neurophysiological studies (electroneuromyography, evoked potentials) and MRI. Novel therapy in neuropathic pain disorders is described including both medicamentous and additional therapeutics methods.

A characteristic feature of stenosis process of the spinal canal is the destruction of elastin and fibrosis of the extracellular matrix, as well as hypertrophy and ossification of the ligamentum flavum. Proven participation in these processes of genes CTGF, PDGF-BB, TGF-ß, Il-6, TNF-α, MMPs, TIMPs, etc. Potent inducer of extracellular deposition of collagen in hypertrophies ligamentum flavum is TGF-ß; GDF-5 has osteogenic effect, increases the activity of alkaline phosphatase and the expression of osteocalcin, induces mineralization; FGFR3 gene expression contributes to the closure of synchondroses and merging of centers of ossification, contributing to excess synthesis of bone tissue, etc. Local or a systemic effect on the expression of these genes may be effective to prevent progression of the disease. Predisposition to stenosis and responsiveness to therapy is genetically determined and is expressed in individual differences in metabolic status. A very important role in the pathobiochemistry of connective tissue are the processes of acetylation by regulating the expression of essential genes that affects all intracellular processes and especially in the fibrogenesis. An imbalance of acetylation may lead to excessive synthesis of collagen, accelerating the growth of connective tissue, disruption of lipid homeostasis. Therefore, it is relevant as the definition of NAT2 polymorphism and phenotypic identification of the rate of acetylation in the population, as well as finding relationships with various pathological processes. Meaningful impact on the processes of acetylation may contribute to the sanogenesis. The information presented in the review is important for the formation of a new perspective on the pathogenesis of stenosis process in the spinal canal and can contribute to the development of new approaches to treatment.

Indicative indexes and indicators of economic efficiency for the implementation of departmental target program "Sanitary protection of territory" in Irkutsk region were analyzed. The problem of the spread of the most dangerous infections and the concept of sanitary protection of the territory of Russian Federation were outlined. The result of the program was shown at the regional level. Indicator of cost efficiency for program adds information about results of the budget allocations' use. Required units give estimate the adequacy of the activity with respect to the result. Performance of the program's realization shows how efficiently resources were used. For the realization of program during the research period there is a slight decrease of effectiveness for budget expenditures due to imperfect mechanisms of results-oriented budgeting.