The study of cognitive functions using the P300 event-related potential in women aged 60-74 years living in the European North of Russia, depending on the degree of hypertension control

Background. Cognitive decline reduces the quality of life and difficult responds to treatment in the elderly patients. Arterial hypertension (AH) is an independent risk factor for cognitive impairment. The target level of blood pressure (BP) in elderly patients for maintaining cognitive function has not yet been determined.

The aim. Assessment of the state of cognitive functions using the P300 event-related potential in women aged 60-74 years living in the European North of Russia, depending on the degree of hypertension control.

Methods. The study involved elderly women with controlled hypertension (n = 63), with uncontrolled hypertension (n = 57), and without hypertension (n = 28) living in Arkhangelsk. The registration of the P300 and N2 components was carried out on the Neuron-Spektr-4/VPM electroencephalograph (Neurosoft, Russia), using the oddball paradigm. Blood pressure was measured with an automatic blood pressure monitor A&D Medical UA-668 (Japan).

Results. In women without arterial hypertension and in women with controlled arterial hypertension, there were no differences in the latent time (LT) of N2 and P300 and the magnitude of the amplitude of P300 between the groups. In women with uncontrolled hypertension, there was an elongation of LT N2 in the anterior temporal region on the left and LTP300 in the anterior temporal on the left, central and frontal on the left brain regions, which indicates an increase in the time of primary recognition and signal differentiation, a decrease in the speed of information processing and decision-making.

Conclusion. In elderly women with uncontrolled hypertension with SBP > 140 mmHg and DBP > 90 mmHg, there is a decrease in the rate of recognition and differentiation of the sound stimulus and a decrease in the speed of decision-making. In elderly women with controlled hypertension with SBP < 140 mmHg and DBP < 90 mmHg, the rate of differentiation of the sound stimulus and decision-making were comparable to the group of elderly women without hypertension.

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