Роль и специфика физических нагрузок при саркопении у пожилых людей

Цель обзора – проанализировать распространённость саркопении в пожилой возрастной группе, причины её возникновения, представить современные методы профилактики и физической реабилитации. Исследование сосредоточено на взаимосвязи между физической нагрузкой, тренировочными эффектами и физиологическими механизмами, а также на безопасности различных видов силовых, анаэробных и мультимодальных тренировок, которые оказывают положительное влияние во время профилактики и восстановительного лечения при саркопении. Включены обзоры литературы, метаанализы и оригинальные исследования, которые акцентированы на людях пожилого возраста в любых условиях проживания, с применением проверенных инструментов и методов оценки. Был проведён поиск литературы в четырёх электронных базах данных (PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Springer) за период c 2012 г. по 30 июня 2022 г. Ограничений на языковой уклон публикации введено не было. Стратегия поиска. Ключевые слова, используемые для определения условий участия в обзоре: «пожилой/преклонный возраст», «саркопения» и саркопеническое ожирение». Статьи включались, если они соответствовали следующим критериям – когорты со средним или медианным возрастом ≥ 60 лет и любым из следующих определений саркопении: Европейская рабочая группа по саркопении у пожилых людей (EWGSOP), Азиатская рабочая группа по саркопении (AWGS), Международная рабочая группа по саркопении (IWGS). Для обеспечения сопоставимости вмешательств в обзор включены исследования, которые осуществлялись не менее 8 недель, а распределение пациентов по дизайну исследования было рандомизированным. Также, исключены статьи с участием госпитализированных пациентов.

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