History, current trends and prospects for the development of pro- and prebiotic drugs in Russia and abroad

   The gut microbiota is the largest human microbial community, comprising more than 1000 species of various microorganisms. It has been established that these are the gut microorganisms that play a decisive role in maintaining health, participating in the metabolism of proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, bile acids and the synthesis of vitamins. It has been shown that changes in the balance in the gut microbiocenosis lead not only to pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract, but also increase the risk of developing diseases of the cardiovascular and endocrine systems, and cause disturbances in the psycho-emotional state.

   To restore, correct and maintain the gut microbiota, probiotic preparations are recommended. In connection with the obvious relevance of the use of probiotics, this review aimed to describe the history of the emergence of the first probiotic products, current trends in the development of the concept of functional foods enriched with probiotics, as well as the prospects for developing probiotic preparations in the Russian Federation and abroad.

   This article presents an analysis of the market for probiotic preparations and dietary supplements, as well as functional food products that are produced in the Siberian Federal District. For an objective assessment of the development of the market for probiotic products, a generalization of analytical data from marketing services that monitor the movement of medicines in pharmacy chains and analyze consumer reviews was carried out.

1. Belkova N. L., Nemchenko U. M., Pogodina A. V., Feranchuk S. I., Romanitsa A. I., Novikova E. A., et al. Features of composition and structure of the gut microbiome in adolescents with obesity and different duration of breast feeding. Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine. 2019; 167 (6): 717-721. (In Russ.).

2. Novikova E. A., Belkova N. L., Pogodina A. V., Romanitsa A. I., Klimenko E. S., Nemchenko U. M., et al. Gut microbiota shift in obese adolescents born by cesarean section. International Journal of Biomedicine. 2020; 10 (4): 424-429. doi: doi: 10.21103/Article10(4)_OA19

3. Nemchenko U. M., Belkova N. L., Pogodina A. V., Romanitsa A. I., Novikova E. A., Klimenko E. S., et al. Features of the composition of bifidoflora in the intestinal microbiome of obese adolescents. Molecular Genetics, Microbiology and Virology. 2021; 39 (3): 31-38. (In Russ.). doi: 10.17116/molgen20213903131

4. Bondarenko V. M. Molecular-and-genetic and molecular-and-biological studies of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus representatives. Annals of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences. 2006; 1: 18-24. (In Russ.).

5. Prebiotics and probiotics – what’s the difference? URL: http://cgon.rospotrebnadzor.ru/content/ostalnoe/prebiotiki-i-probiotiki-v-chem-raznica [date of access: 08. 06. 2022]. (In Russ.).

6. Binns N. Probiotics, prebiotics and the gut microbiota. ILSI Europe Concise Monographs; 2013: 1-32.

7. McFarland L. V. From yaks to yogurt: The history, development, and current use of probiotics. Clin Infect Dis. 2015; 2: S85-90. doi: 10.1093/cid/civ054

8. Hill C., Guarner F., Reid G., Gibson G. R., Merenstein D. J., Pot B., et al. Expert consensus document. The International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics consensus statement on the scope and appropriate use of the term probiotic. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2014; 11 (8): 506-514. doi: 10.1038/nrgastro.2014.66

9. Ryabtseva S. A., Khramtsov A. G. Probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, postbiotics: Problems and prospects. Bioraznoobrazie, bioresursy, voprosy biotekhnologii i zdorov’e naseleniya Severo-Kavkazskogo regiona: Sbornik nauchnykh trudov Severo-Kavkazskogo federal’nogo universiteta. Stavropol: Severo-Kavkazskiy federal’nyy universitet; 2020: 119-123. (In Russ.).

10. Selezneva N. V., Sergeev A. S., Grebenshchikov A. V. Synbiotics as a functional component of human nutrition. Sovremennye naukoemkie tekhnologii. 2009; (4): 67-68. (In Russ.).

11. Ardatskaya M. D. Probiotics, prebiotics and metabiotics in the management of microecological bowel disorders. Medical Council. 2015; (13): 94-99. (In Russ.). URL: https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/343?locale=ru_RU

12. Volodkina G. M., Kokotova V. I., Kurov I. S. Influence of probiotics on the physiological status and productivity of cattle. Tver: Izdatel’stvo Tverskoy GSKhA; 2019. (In Russ.).

13. Yushchuk N. D., Brodov L. E. Acute intestinal infections: Diagnosis and treatment. Moscow: Meditsina; 2001: 244-253. (In Russ.).

14. Mazankova L. N., Lykova E. A. Probiotics: Drug characteristics and choice in pediatric practice. Children Infections. 2004; 1: 18-23. (In Russ.).

15. Uspensky Yu. P., Baryshnikova N. V. World trends towards expanding the use of probiotics: The relevance of the use of products based on Bacillus subtilis. Consilium Medicum. Gastroenterology (Suppl.). 2012; (1): 75-79. (In Russ.).

16. Bukharin O. V., Semenov A. V., Tcherkasov S. V. Antagonistic activity of probiotic bacteria. Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. 2010; 12 (4): 347-352. (In Russ.).

17. Bondarenko V. M., Rybalchenko O. V. Analysis of prophylactic and therapeutic effect of probiotic preparations from position of new scientific technologies. Journal of Microbiology, Epidemiology and Immunobiology. 2015; (2): 90-104. (In Russ.).

18. Feklisova L. V., Meskina E. R. A new generation of sorbed bifid-containing probiotics in pediatric practice. Almanac of Clinical Medicine. 2005; 8 (1): 329-338. (In Russ.).

19. Kazyulin A. N., Goncharenko A. Yu., Pavleyeva E. E., Kalyagin I. E. Probiotic therapy evolution in the clinical practice of internal medicine. RMJ. 2019; (12): 89-96. (In Russ.).

20. Probiotics and prebiotics for the gut. URL: https://icdmc.ru/stati/probiotiki-i-prebiotiki-dlya-kishechnika [date of access: 08. 06. 2022]. (In Russ.).

21. Manukhin I. B., Balan V. E., Dobrokhotova Yu. E., Krutova V. A., Kutueva F. R., Sakhautdinova I. V., et al. New possibilities of therapy bacterial vaginosis: experience an antibiotic used concurrently with a prebiotic in bacterial vaginosis. Obstetrics and Gynegology. 2020; (6): 105-114. (In Russ.). doi: 10.18565/aig.2020.6.105-114

22. Torshin I. Yu., Gromova O. A., Tetruashvili N. K., Unanyan A. L. Synergistic interactions between bifidobacteria and vitamins for health support of a pregnant women and the fetus. Gynecology, Obstetrics and Perinatology. 2020; 19 (5): 102-113. (In Russ.). doi: 10.20953/1726-1678-2020-5-102-113

23. Dbar S. D., Stoyanova L. G. A new generation of probiotics – psychobiotics, their purpose and functions. Antibiotics and Chemotherapy. 2021; 66 (9-10): 64-80. (In Russ.). doi: 10.37489/0235-2990-2021-66-9-10-64-78

24. Gasbarrini G., Bonvicini F., Gramenzi A. Probiotics his tory. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2015; 50 (Suppl 2): 116-119. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000000697

25. Everything you need to know about yogurt around the world. URL: https://bud-v-forme.ru/nutrition/polza-i-vred-jogurta/ [date of access: 09. 06. 2022]. (In Russ.).

26. Ozen M., Dinleyici E. C. The history of probiotics: The untold story. Benef Microbes. 2015; 6 (2): 159-165. doi: 10.3920/BM2014.0103

27. Sidorenko I. V. The history of the development of the dairy industry. Bryansk; 2015. (In Russ.).

28. Sour curd, sweet curd. URL: http://petkach.spb.ru/experizy/86-2007/1123-150 [date of access: 10.06.2022]. (In Russ.).

29. The history of the origin of curd. URL: https://nedelka-klin.ru/2018/03/28/istoriya-proishozhdeniya-tvoroga/ [date of access: 09. 06. 2022]. (In Russ.).

30. History of cheese making. URL: https://cheese-home.com/rubric/146/Istoriya-syrodeliya [date of access: 09.06.2022]. (In Russ.).

31. Kostrova Yu. B., Gorlina I. A. Analysis and development prospects of the functional products market. Donetskie chteniya 2019: obrazovanie, nauka, innovatsii, kul’tura i vyzovy sovremennosti: Materialy IV Mezhdunarodnoy nauchnoy konferentsii (Donetsk, 29–31 oktyabrya 2019 goda). Donetsk: Donetskiy natsional’nyy universitet; 2019: 291-293.

32. Functional foods: How the superfood trend took over the world and reached Russia. URL: https://milknews.ru/longridy/funkcionalniye-produkty.html [date of access: 10. 06. 2022]. (In Russ.).

33. Functional food. What it is? URL: https://magas.bezformata.com/listnews/funktcionalnoe-pitanie-chto-eto/92698022/ [date of access: 13. 06. 2022]. (In Russ.).

34. Functional foods. URL: http://www.cnshb.ru/news/vex_fpp.shtm [date of access: 10.06.2022]. (In Russ.).

35. Kozhevnikova E. N., Usenko D. V., Elezova L. I., Nikolaeva S.V. Foods with probiotics – supporting the concept of functional nutrition for children. RMJ. 2010; 18 (5): 248-254. (In Russ.).

36. Tutelyan VA. Healthy food for public health. Public Health. 2021; 1 (1): 56-64.

37. Boyarineva I. V. Probiotics in functional nutrition. Vestnik Khabarovskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta ekonomiki i prava. 2020; 3 (104): 160-163. doi: 10.38161/2618-9526-2020-3-03

38. Kryuchkova V. V., Kontareva V. Yu., Shramko M. I., Evdokimov I. A. Prospects for the development of functional foods. Dairy Industry. 2011; 8: 36-37.

39. Manson J. M., Rauch M., Gilmore M. S. The commensal microbiology of the gastrointestinal tract. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2008; 635: 15-28. doi: 10.1007/978-0-387-09550-9_2

40. Ganina V. I., Pakhomova A. N. Bifidobacteria and lactobacilli are components of personalized nutrition products. Nizkotemperaturnye i pishchevye tekhnologii v 21 veke: Sbornik materialov konferentsii. 2019; 2: 143-146.

41. Shenderov B. A. Human microbial ecology and its role in maintaining health. Metamorphoses. Bulletin of Rehabilitation Medicine. 2014; (5): 72-80.

42. Blum H. E. The human microbiome. Adv Med Sci. 2017; 62: 414-420. doi: 10.1016/j.advms.2017.04.005

43. Beom J. L., Bak Y. T. Irritable bowel syndrome, gut microbiota and probiotics. J Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2011; 17 (3): 252-266. doi: 10.5056/jnm.2011.17.3.252

44. Martínez-Martínez M. I., Calabuig-Tolsá R., Cauli O. The effect of probiotics as a treatment for contipation in elderly people: A systematic review. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2017; 71: 142-149. doi: 10.1016/j.archger.2017.04.004

45. Cassani E., Privitera G., Pezzoli G., Pusani C., Madio C., Iorio L., et al. Use of probiotics for the treatment of constipation in Parkinson’s disease patients. Minerva Gastroenterologica e Dietologica. 2011; 57 (2): 117-121.

46. Kondo J., Xiao J., Shirahata A., Baba M., Abe A., Ogawa K., et al. Modulatory effects of Bifidobacterium longum BB536 on defecation in elderly patients receiving enteral feeding. World J Gastroenterol. 2013; 19 (14): 2162-2170. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i14.2162

47. Silva M., Jacobus N. V., Deneke C., Gorbach S. L. Antimicrobial substance from a human Lactobacillus strain. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1987; 31 (8): 1231-1233. doi: 10.1128/aac.31.8.1231

48. Drozdov V. N., Astapovskiy A. A., Serebrova S. Y., Lazareva N. B., Shikh E. V. Clinical efficacy of probiotic strains of the Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus. Problems of Nutrition. 2020; 89 (2): 107-115. doi: 10.24411/0042-8833-2020-10021

49. Gorbach S. L., Goldin B. R. Lactobacillus strains and methods of selection: US Patent N 4839281.

50. Fernandez M., Hudson J. A., Korpela R., de los Reyes-Gavilan C. G. Impact on human health of microorganisms present in fermented dairy products: An overview. Biomed Res Int. 2015; 2015: 412714.

51. Bisengaliev R. M., Sadykov R. S., Akbatyrova E. T. Probiotics and prebiotics as the basis of functional nutrition. Molodoy uchenyy. 2016; 8 (112): 185-188. URL: https://moluch.ru/archive/112/28356/[date of access: 17. 06. 2022].

52. Production and supply of probiotics: A review of a practical approach. URL: http://propionix.ru/proizvodstvo-i-postavka-probiotikov-obzor-praktiki [date of access: 20. 06. 2022].

53. Masoud R., Fadaei V., Khosravi-Darani K., Nikbakht HR. Improving the viability of probiotic bacteria in yoghurt by homogenization. J Food Process Preserv. 2015; 39: 2984-2990.

54. Cruz A. G., Castro W. F., Faria J. A. F., Bolini H. M. A., Celeghini R. M. S., Raices R. S. L., et al. Stability of probiotic yogurt added with glucose oxidase in plastic materials with different permeability oxygen rates during the refrigerated storage. Food Res Int. 2013; 51: 723-728.

55. Vinderola C. G., Costa G. A., Regenhardt S., Reinheimer J. A. Influence of compounds associated with fermented dairy products on the growth of lactic acid starter and probiotic bacteria. Int Dairy J. 2002; 12: 579-589.

56. Klyaritskaya I. L., Viltsanyuk I. A. Modern views on disorders of intestinal microbiocenosis, their diagnosis and correction. Crimean Journal of Internal Diseases. 2007; 2 (9): 12-17.

57. Nikitina E. V., Kitaevskaya S. V., Kiyamova S. N. Fundamentals of nutritional physiology: A study guide. Kazan: KGTU; 2008.

58. Functional nutrition basic concepts and requirements. Products overview. URL: https://agropit.ru/функциональное-питание-основные-пон/ [date of access: 20. 06. 2022].

59. Probiotics and active cultures: How to fortify your foods. URL: https://sfera.fm/articles/molochnaya/probiotiki-i-aktivnye-kultury-kak-obogatit-svoi-produkty [date of access: 20. 06. 2022].

60. Global market for probiotics: Europe is losing its leader-ship position. URL: https://bake.ingredients.pro/news/editorial/mirovoy-rynok-probiotikov-evropa-teryaet-pozitsii/ [date of access: 21. 06. 2022].

61. Boytsova Yu. S., Alenin I. P. Analysis of the market and marketing opportunities in the early days of functional nutrition in Europe. Vestnik Altayskoy akademii ekonomiki i prava. 2020; 5 (1): 19-26.

62. Hosoya N. Health claims in Japan. Jap J Nutr Food. 1998; (1): 1-11.

63. Yakult – The little bottle on a mission. URL: www.yakult.co.uk [date of access: 21. 06. 2022].

64. Yakult, Schweppes yogurt and Buttermilk: How to enter the Russian market with new fermented milk products that are already popular abroad. URL: https://ssnab.ru/news/jakult-jogurt-shveps-i-battermilk-kak-vyjti-na-rossijskij-rynok-s-novymi-kislomolochnymi-produktami-kotorye-uzhe-populjarny-za-rubezhom/ [date of access: 22. 06. 2022].

65. Global market for probiotics: Stable growth. URL: http://www.bfi-online.ru/aviews/index.html?msg=8989&kk= [date of access: 15. 06. 2022].

66. The market for probiotics will exceed $80 billion by 2027. URL: https://foodbay.com/wiki/novosti-industrii/2020/11/27/rynok-probiotikov-k-2027-godu-prevysit-80-mlrd/ [date of access: 15. 06. 2022].

67. Probiotics market analysis. URL: https://www.thebusinessresearchcompany.com/report/probiotics-global-market-report [date of access: 15. 06. 2022].

68. The Wiggles yoghurt pouches. URL: https://brownesdairy.com.au/products/yoghurt/wiggles-yoghurt-pouches/ [date of access: 15. 06. 2022].

69. Pimentel T. C., Oliveira L. G., Souza R. C., Magnani M. Probiotic ice cream: A literature overview of the technological and sensory aspects and health properties. Int J Dairy Technol. 2022; 75 (1): 59-76. doi: 10.1111/1471-0307.12821

70. Global probiotics market (2021 to 2030) – Featuring Bio-Gaia, Danone and Nestle among others. URL: https://www.marketsandmarkets.com/Market-Reports/probiotic-market-advanced-technologies-and-global-market-69.html?gclid=EAIaIQobChMI2eWLmrbx-wIVCAWiAx23OQGGEAAYASAAEgK6tvD_BwE [date of access: 27. 06. 2022].

71. Global probiotics market: Trends, consumer behaviour and growth opportunities. URL: https://www.lumina-intelligence.com/blog/probiotics/global-probiotics-market-trends-consumer-behaviour-and-growth-opportunities/#analysis [date of access: 27. 06. 2022].

72. Top 15 probiotics. URL: https://spasibovsem.ru/ratings/krasota-i-zdorove/15-luchshih-probiotikov/ [date of access: 27. 06. 2022].

73. Analysis of the Russian market of probiotics and products based on them (2010). URL: http://centripap.ru/report/food/functional/Probiotic/ [date of access: 27. 06. 2022].

74. Retail monitoring of pharmacy sales of drugs and dietary supplements in the Russian Federation. URL: https://alpharm.ru/ [date of access: 27. 06. 2022].

75. COVID-19 has significantly changed the composition of the leaders in the market for probiotics and prebiotics. URL: https://pharmvestnik.ru/content/articles/COVID-19-sushestvenno-izmenil-sostav-liderov-na-rynke-probiotikov-i-prebiotikov.html [date of access: 27. 06. 2022].

76. Who earns on probiotics in Novosibirsk? URL: URL: https://ksonline.ru/347428/kto-zarabatyvaet-na-probiotikah-v-novosibirske/ [date of access: 27. 06. 2022].

77. Probiotics, prebiotics and metabiotics: What’s the difference? URL: https://actoflor.ru/post/chto-takoe-metabiotiki [date of access: 27. 06. 2022].

78. What are metabiotics and how do they differ from probiotics? URL: https://www.thesymbol.ru/beauty/health/chto-takoe-metabiotiki-i-v-chem-ih-otlichie-ot-probiotikov/ [date of access: 27. 06. 2022].

79. Metabiotics: A new word in the prevention of dysbiotic disorders. URL: https://medportal.ru/enc/krasota/reading/metabiotiki-novoe-slovo-v-profilaktike/ [date of access: 27. 06. 2022].

80. The production of bio-ice cream using the Tomsk technology was launched in Chile. URL: https://tomsk.bezformata.com/listnews/biomorozhenogo-po-tomskoj-tehnologii/53345086/ [date of access: 27. 06. 2022].