CLINICAL PICTURE, DIAGNOSTICS AND TREATMENT OF ABDOMINAL TUBERCULOSIS IN URGENT SURGERY

Abstract

Abdominal tuberculosis is a rare form of the disease. The number of tubercular cases has been increasing everywhere since the mid-1980s, which has led to a general increase in the number of patients with abdominal tuberculosis. The Irkutsk region is one of the most disadvantaged regions of Russia in the incidence of tuberculosis and HIV infection. A retrospective analysis of 165 cases of abdominal tuberculosis was conducted. Among patients with abdominal tuberculosis 95.0 % of patients were 30-35 years old, 132 (80.0 %) patients used drugs, 80 % patients had HIV-infection and 79 (47.9 %) patients had hepatitis В. Overwhelming majority had an antisocial lifestyle. The leading manifestation of the disease was abdominal pain syndrome, which was noted in 88.3 %. Nausea and vomiting, hypotension and tachycardia were detected in 49 (29.7 %), 90 (54.5 %) and 118 (71.5 %) persons respectively. Perforations of tubercular gastrointestinal ulcers (75; 53.7 %) were the mostfrequent complications of abdominal tuberculosis. Gastrointestinal bleedings, tubercular mesenterial lymphadenopathy, tubercular lesions of the spleen, liver, and peritoneum were detected in 4 (2.8 %), 16 (11.4 %), 14 (14.0 %), 9 (6.4 %), 22 (15.7 %) patients respectively. The sings of peritonitis were the main indication to surgery. 140 (84.5 %) patients were operated. The total mortality made 57.6 %. Acute surgical pathology of abdominal cavity in tubercular and HIV-infected patients should arouse suspicion about presence abdominal tuberculosis. Unsuccessful outcomes of disease are caused by a combination tubercular process and HIV-infection.