Роль лизофосфатидной кислоты и её рецепторов в патогенезе бронхиальной астмы

Лизофосфатидная кислота (LPA, lysophosphatidic acid) является биологически активным липидным медиатором, регулирующим ряд сигнальных путей, вовлечённых в патогенез бронхиальной астмы (БА). Интерес к изучению взаимоотношений LPA с LPA-рецепторами (LPARs, lysophosphatidic acid receptors) и  ионными каналами с  транзиторным рецепторным потенциалом (TRP, transient receptor potential) обусловлен их  ролью в  инициации и  развитии бронхиальной обструкции, что предполагает разработку новых эффективных стратегий лечения БА через блокирование синтеза LPA и/или регуляции активности лиганд-рецепторного взаимоотношения.

Цель обзора. Обобщить представления о роли лизофосфатидной кислоты и её рецепторов в патогенезе бронхиальной астмы на основании анализа статей, опубликованных на английском языке в период с 2020 по 2023 г. в базе данных PubMed.

Заключение. В данном обзоре обобщены последние литературные данные о химической структуре, путях биосинтеза и рецепторах LPA. Представлена информация о роли LPA, LPARs и TRP-каналов в патогенезе БА. Обобщены терапевтические стратегии БА, нацеленные на  LPA, LPARs и  TRP-каналы. Данный обзор подчёркивает не только новый взгляд на понимание механизмов инициации астматических реакций, но и возможные способы управления ими на этапе коррекции их развития.

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