Functional activity of the oral endothelium in persons, with chronic periodontitis during treatment with plasmolifting

Chronic periodontitis as an osteoimmune disease of the oral cavity is accompanied by a change in the functional activity of endotheliocytes. Moreover, abnormal vascularization exacerbates periodontal inflammation, as it promotes the transmigration of a larger number of immunocompetent cells, the influx of inflammatory mediators and cytokines.

The aim of our work was to study the functional activity of the endothelium of the vessels of the oral cavity in persons suffering from chronic periodontitis in the treatment of plasmolifting.

Materials and methods. Under observation were 30 patients diagnosed with chronic generalized periodontitis of moderate severity at the age of 35 (32.50; 40.00) years, with no severe somatic pathology (main group). The comparison group included 20 people aged 38 (34.00; 45.00) years with no inflammatory diseases in the oral cavity. All patients underwent local anti-inflammatory therapy and sanitation of periodontal pockets, correction of occlusal contacts, curettage, plasma lifting. Oral fluid concentration of soluble adhesion molecules ICAM-1 and VCAM-1, endothelin-1, qualitative and quantitative composition of microflora were determined.

Results. After the treatment with plasmolifting, a noticeable relief of the activity of the inflammatory process was observed. In patients with chronic periodontitis, Porphyromonas gingivalis was found in 100 % of cases in a titer of 5.73 (4.9; 6.7) lg (gEq/sample), in 62.5 % – Prevotella intermedia in a titer of 4.5 (3.0; 5.5) lg (gEq/sample). Against the background of therapy, decrease of the occurrence of the microorganism and of the number of microorganisms was observed. The concentration of the soluble form of VCAM-1 in the oral fluid of patients with chronic periodontitis exceeded the values of the control group by 38.3 times (p = 0.000001), and ICAM-1 – by 18.1 times (p = 0.00001). Against the background of plasmolifting therapy, the level of the studied substances decreased, but exceeded the control values by 25.2 and 6.4 times, respectively. The content of endothelin in the oral fluid in patients with periodontitis exceeded the values of healthy individuals by 40.7 % (p = 0.003), during therapy its values decreased, but did not reach the level of healthy volunteers (p = 0.04).

1. Kinane DF, Stathopoulou PG, Papapanou PN. Periodontal diseases. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2017; 3: 17038. doi: 10.1038/nrdp.2017.38

2. Martín-Fernández M, Tamayo-Velasco Á, Aller R, GonzaloBenito H, Martínez-Paz P, Tamayo E. Endothelial dysfunction and neutrophil degranulation as central events in sepsis physiopathology. Int J Mol Sci. 2021; 22(12): 6272. doi: 10.3390/ijms22126272

3. Lareva NV, Gordeeva OO. Place of cell adhesion molecules in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and arterial hypertension in the gender aspect. The Transbailalian Medical Bulletin. 2018; 1: 87-97. (In Russ.). doi: 10.52485/19986173_2018_1_87

4. Dorofienko NN. The role of vascular endothelium in the organism and the universal mechanisms of changing its activity (review). Bulletin Physiology and Pathology of Respiration. 2018; (68): 107-116. (In Russ.). doi: 10.12737/article_5b1a0351210298.18315210

5. Yupatov EYu, Kurmanbaev TE, Timoshkova YuL. Modern understanding of the function and dysfunction of the vascular endothelium. Literature review. RMJ. 2022; 30(3): 20-23. (In Russ.).

6. Van Dyke TE, Bartold PM, Reynolds EC. The nexus between periodontal inflammation and dysbiosis. Front Immunol. 2020; 11: 511. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00511

7. Celik D, Kantarci A. Vascular changes and hypoxia in periodontal disease as a link to systemic complications. Pathogens. 2021; 10(10): 1280. doi: 10.3390/pathogens10101280

8. Slomiany BL, Slomiany A. Proinflammatory signaling cascades of periodontopathic oral pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis. Journal of Biosciences and Medicines. 2018; 6(5): 63-88. doi: 10.4236/jbm.2018.65009

9. Whitman DH, Berry RL, Green DM. Platelet gel: An autologous alternative to fibrin glue with applications in oral and maxillofacial surgery. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1997; 55(11): 1294-1299. doi: 10.1016/s0278-2391(97)90187-7

10. Xu J, Gou L, Zhang P, Li H, Qiu S. Platelet-rich plasma and regenerative dentistry. Aust Dent J. 2020; 65(2): 131-142. doi: 10.1111/adj.12754

11. Official website of the Dental Association of Russia. (In Russ.) URL: https://www.e-stomatology.ru/director/protokols/ [date of access: 01.09.2023].

12. Sharma R, Khaket TP, Dutta C, Chakraborty B, Mukherjee TK. Breast cancer metastasis: Putative therapeutic role of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1. Cell Oncol (Dordr). 2017, 40(3): 199-208. doi: 10.1007/s13402-017-0324-x

13. Cerutti C, Ridley AJ. Endothelial cell-cell adhesion and signaling. Exp Cell Res. 2017, 358(1): 31-38. doi: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.06.003

14. Woska JR, Morelock MM, Durham Jeanfavre D, Caviness GO, Bormann BJ, Rothlein R. Molecular comparison of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule (sICAM-1) and sICAM-3 binding to lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1. J Biol Chem. 1998; 273(8): 4725-4733. doi: 10.1074/jbc.273.8.4725

15. Champagne B, Tremlay P, Cantin A, St. Pierre I. Proteolytic cleavage of ICAM-1 by human neutrophil elastase. J Immunol. 1998; 161(11): 6398-6405.

16. Müller N. The role of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in the pathogenesis of psychiatric disorders. Front Pharmacol. 2019; 10: 1251. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01251

17. Kibalina IV, Tsybikov NN. The role of endothelin-1 and its autoantibodies in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis: A case-control study. Vestnik dermatologii i venerologii. 2021; 97(1): 34-40. (In Russ.). doi: 10.25208/vdv478

18. Fagan KA, McMurtry IF, Rodman DM. Role of endothelin-1 in lung disease. Respir Res. 2001; 2(2): 90-101. doi: 10.1186/rr44

19. Nagao RJ, Marcu R, Wang Y, Wang L, Arakawa C, DeForest C, et al. Transforming endothelium with platelet-rich plasma in engineered microvessels. Adv Sci (Weinh). 2019; 6(24): 1901725. doi: 10.1002/advs.201901725