ELISPOT assay of the SARS-CoV-2 specific T cells immune response
https://doi.org/10.29413/ABS.2022-7.5-2.10
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has stimulated interest in the development of biotechnology, as well as in the search for new solutions in the diagnostics of immune processes. The response of immunoglobulins A, M and G had a significant role in the assessment of virus-specific immune responses. Later, it was understood that for a comprehensive assessment of adaptive immunity processes, it is reasonable to study its cellular component. One of the most affordable methods for assessing T cell immunity, which has proven itself in the diagnosis of other infectious diseases, such as latent tuberculosis infection, is IGRA ELISPOT.
The aim of the study. To determine SARS-СoV-2 specific immune response of T lymphocytes in vitro in the peripheral blood of volunteers from various groups using IGRA ELISPOT method. We evaluated the applicability of the method to assess T cell immune response to infection and vaccination. In addition, we determined the duration of the maintenance period of the SARS-CoV-2 specific T cells immune response induced by vaccination.
Materials and methods. The study was carried out on venous blood samples of volunteers from three groups: 1) hospital patients with COVID-19; 2) COVID-19 convalescents; 3) vaccinated against COVID-19. The T cell immune response was assessed using the TigraTest® SARS-CoV-2 test system, which determines in vitro the number of T cells secreting interferon-gamma in response to stimulation with SARS-СoV-2 peptides in two antigens panels: 1) peptides of the spike protein (S); 2) peptides of N, M, Orf3a and Orf7a proteins.
Conclusion. The IGRA ELISPOT assay is a specific and sensitive tool in the assessment of T cell immunity to the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The method makes it possible to assess SARS-CoV-2 specific T cell responses induced both by natural encounter with the pathogen and by vaccination. It is advisable to use the method in routine practice for comprehensive assessment of immunity to SARS-CoV-2.
Keywords
ELISPOT,
SARS-CoV-2,
COVID-19,
T lymphocytes,
T cells,
immune response,
TigraTest®,
cellular immunity,
vaccination
About the Authors
V. V. Gerasimova
North-Eastern Federal University named after M.K. Ammosov
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Vilena V. Gerasimova – Cand. Sc. (Med.), Associate Professor at the Department of Public Health and Health Care, General Hygiene and Bioethics
Kulakovskogo str. 42, Yakutsk 677007
S. V. Kolesnik
National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology named after Academician V.I. Kulakov
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Svetlana V. Kolesnik – Junior Research Officer at the Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics
Akademika Oparina str. 4, Moscow 117198
D. A. Kudlay
The First Sechenov Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University); National Research Center – Institute of Immunology, Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Dmitry A. Kudlay – Dr. Sc. (Med.), Corresponding Member of RAS, Professor at the Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy; Leading Research Officer at the Laboratory of Personalized Medicine and Molecular Immunology
Trubetskaya str. 8, building 2, Moscow 119991
Kashirskoye highway 24, Moscow 115522
A. S. Golderova
North-Eastern Federal University named after M.K. Ammosov
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Aytalina S. Golderova – Dr. Sc. (Med.), Professor at the Department of Public Health and Health Care; hief Research Officer at the Research Laboratory “Cell Technologies and Regenerative Medicine”
Kulakovskogo str. 42, Yakutsk 677007
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Review
For citations:
Gerasimova V.V., Kolesnik S.V., Kudlay D.A., Golderova A.S. ELISPOT assay of the SARS-CoV-2 specific T cells immune response. Acta Biomedica Scientifica. 2022;7(5-2):96-102. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.29413/ABS.2022-7.5-2.10
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