Lithium Preparations in Psychiatry, Addiction Medicine and Neurology. Part II. Biochemical Mechanisms of Its Action
https://doi.org/10.29413/ABS.2019-4.2.13
Abstract
Lithium is the first and the lightest in the series of alkali metals, to which, in addition to lithium, two very biologically important elements – sodium and potassium, as well as trace elements rubidium and cesium, belong. Despite its formal affiliation to the group of alkali metals, lithium, like many other chemical elements of the «atypical» second period of the periodic table (for example, boron), is more similar in its chemical properties not to its counterparts in the group, but to its «diagonal brother» – magnesium. As we will show in this article, the diagonal chemical similarity between lithium and magnesium is of great importance for understanding the mechanisms of its intracellular biochemical action. At the same time, the intragroup chemical similarity of lithium with sodium and potassium is more important for understanding the mechanisms of its absorption, its distribution in the body and its excretion. Despite the 70 years that have passed since John Cade’s discovery of the antimanic effect of lithium, the mechanisms of its therapeutic action are still not completely understood. In the end, it turns out that the mechanism of the therapeutic action of lithium is extremely complex, multicomponent, unique and not imitable. Certain aspects of the mechanism of its action may be compatible with the mechanisms of action of other mood stabilizers, or with the mechanisms of action of so-called «lithium-mimetics», such as ebselen. However, no other drug to date failed to fully reproduce the biochemical effect of lithium on the body.
About the Authors
R. A. Bekker
Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
Israel
Israel
Roman A. Bekker – Programmer, Computer Engineer, Magister of Computer Science, Research Officer at the Laboratory of Autonomous Security Systems (Robotics), Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering
bulv. Ben-Gurion Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
Yu. V. Bykov
Stavropol State Medical University
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Bykov Yuriy Vitalievich – Cand. Sc. (Med.), Anesthesiologist, Psychiatrist, Narcologist, Teaching Assistant at the Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Emergency Medicine of the Pediatric Faculty
ul. Mira 310, Stavropol 355017
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For citations:
Bekker R.A., Bykov Yu.V. Lithium Preparations in Psychiatry, Addiction Medicine and Neurology. Part II. Biochemical Mechanisms of Its Action. Acta Biomedica Scientifica. 2019;4(2):80-100. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.29413/ABS.2019-4.2.13
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