Препараты лития в психиатрии, наркологии и неврологии. Часть II. Биохимическая
Аннотация
Литий – первый и самый лёгкий в ряду щелочных металлов, к которому принадлежат, помимо лития, весьма биологически важные макроэлементы – натрий и калий, а также микроэлементы рубидий и цезий. Несмотря на свою формальную принадлежность к группе щелочных металлов, литий, как и многие другие химические элементы «атипичного» второго периода таблицы Менделеева (например, бор), по ряду своих химических свойств больше похож не на своих собратьев по группе, а на своего «диагонального собрата» – на магний. Как мы покажем в данной статье, диагональное сходство лития с магнием имеет большое значение для понимания механизмов его внутриклеточного биохимического действия. В то же время внутригрупповое химическое сходство лития с натрием и калием имеет большее значение для понимания механизмов его всасывания, распределения в организме и выведения. Несмотря на 70 лет, прошедшие со дня переоткрытия Джоном Кейдом антиманиакального эффекта лития, механизмы его терапевтического действия до сих пор остаются не до конца понятными. Известно, что в механизмах действия лития играет роль его влияние на целый ряд важных внутриклеточных ферментов, таких, как инозитол-монофосфатаза, гормон-чувствительная аденилатциклаза, фосфоаденозин-фосфатаза, протеинкиназа C и другие, и на целый ряд внутриклеточных сигнальных каскадов, таких, как ретиноидный, каннабиноидный, моноаминергические и другие. В конечном итоге оказывается, что механизм терапевтического действия лития чрезвычайно сложный, многокомпонентный, уникальный и неповторимый. Отдельные аспекты механизма его действия могут совпадать с механизмами действия других нормотимиков, или же с механизмами действия экспериментальных так называемых «литий-миметиков», таких, как эбселен. Однако во всей полноте воспроизвести биохимическое действие лития на организм ни одним другим «литий-миметиком» пока не удалось.
Об авторах
Р. А. Беккер
Университет им. Давида Бен-Гуриона в Негеве
Израиль
Израиль
Беккер Роман Александрович – программист, инженер-математик, магистр в области компьютерных наук, исследователь лаборатории автономных роботов, факультет электроники и компьютерных наук
8410501, г. Беэр-Шева, б. Бен-Гурион, Израиль
Ю. В. Быков
ФГБОУ ВО «Ставропольский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России
Россия
Россия
Быков Юрий Витальевич – кандидат медицинских наук, врач анестезиолог-реаниматолог, врач психиатр-нарколог, ассистент кафедры анестезиологии, реаниматологии и скорой медицинской помощи педиатрического факультета
355017, г. Ставрополь, ул. Мира, 310
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Для цитирования:
Беккер Р.А., Быков Ю.В. Препараты лития в психиатрии, наркологии и неврологии. Часть II. Биохимическая. Acta Biomedica Scientifica. 2019;4(2):80-100. https://doi.org/10.29413/ABS.2019-4.2.13
For citation:
Bekker R.A., Bykov Yu.V. Lithium Preparations in Psychiatry, Addiction Medicine and Neurology. Part II. Biochemical Mechanisms of Its Action. Acta Biomedica Scientifica. 2019;4(2):80-100. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.29413/ABS.2019-4.2.13
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