Demographic processes in Russia in the light global trends

Based on structural, quantitative and dynamic analysis, an assessment is made of the most important indicators of the demographic status of Russia at the end of the 20th and beginning of the 21st centuries. When forming a research approach, the author relied on theoretical and methodological concepts used by Russian and foreign scientists in the study of demographic processes and phenomena. At the same time, the main attention is paid to solving such problems as structural, quantitative and dynamic analysis, assessment of the most important indicators of the demographic status of Russia (fertility, mortality, population, migration) in comparison with similar indicators of other countries; assessment of the country’s demographic potential and its changes from the perspective of national security. The information base for the study was Russian and foreign statistical sources: Federal State Statistics Service — Rosstat, Unified Interdepartmental Information and Statistical System (EMISS), World Bank database. Significant literary sources in relation to the issues under consideration are analyzed. Throughout the entire post-Soviet period (1992–2023), Russia has experienced low and ultra-low birth rates (narrowed population reproduction), and this situation will continue in the near future. Since the second half of the 2000s, there has been a trend of gradual decline in mortality, with the exception of 2020–2021, when there was a temporary increase in the mortality rate due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Over 30 years (1992–2021), two–thirds of the losses from natural population decline (14.4 million people) were compensated by the migration infl x (9.6 million people). The positive and negative aspects of migration processes are characterized. Negative consequences for the development and security of Russia are noted, which are caused by population decline and aging.

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