Лиганд-ассоциированная активация рецепторов витамина D и потенциальные точки приложения её эффектов в морфогенезе иммунного воспаления: обзор литературы

Согласно последним данным, витамин D относят к веществам с гормональной активностью, который, помимо классических, имеет «неклассические» эффекты, обусловленные наличием сложной взаимосвязи между витамином D и эффекторными клетками иммунной системы. Данная взаимосвязь обусловлена экспрессией рецептора витамина D (VDR, vitamin D receptor) на иммунных клетках, который кодируется соответствующим геном VDR. Рецептор витамина D специфически связывает активную форму витамина D (1,25(OH)2D3). В результате образуется сложный комплекс D3-VDR, который опосредует эффекты витамина D путём образования внутриклеточных сигнальных путей, трансформирующих активность определённых таргетных генов. При этом до конца не ясно, каким образом витамин D реализует свои эффекты на клеточном и рецепторном уровнях. По данным литературы, исследования последних десятилетий выявили значимую роль витамина D и рецепторов иммунных контрольных точек (PD-1 (programmed cell death), PD-L (PD ligand), CTLA (cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated protein)) в аутоиммунных заболеваниях. В этом обзоре излагаются возможные механизмы взаимосвязи данных путей. Более глубокое понимание межклеточных взаимосвязей опосредованных лиганд-ассоциированной активацией рецепторов витамина D, комплекса D3-VDR и рецепторов иммунных контрольных точек (PD-1, PD-L, CTLA) в воспалении может стать основой для разработки новых стратегий диагностики, прогноза и лечения различных заболеваний.

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