Влияние обонятельного и вкусового восприятия на метаболический гомеостаз у пациентов с ожирением

В настоящее время ожирение представляет собой серьёзную глобальную проблему общественного здравоохранения. В результате в последние десятилетия наблюдается рост интереса к изучению влияния этого заболевания на функционирование центральной нервной системы. К одному из наименее изученных аспектов можно отнести влияние, которое ожирение оказывает на сенсорные системы.
Системы обоняния и вкуса тесно связаны с различными жизненно важными функциями, такими как активация защитных механизмов организма, стимуляция пищеварительных рефлексов. Кроме того, известно, что данные сенсорные системы играют важную роль в механизмах потребления пищи за счёт регуляции аппетита и насыщения, влияния на выбор продуктов и, следовательно, участвуют в развитии ожирения. Ряд клинических исследований продемонстрировали, что пациенты с ожирением чаще страдают от гипосмии по сравнению с худыми людьми того же возраста.
Причины, по которым существует эта взаимосвязь, во многом остаются неясными. Целью данного обзора является оценка имеющихся данных по этой тематике и определение новых перспективных областей для дальнейших исследований. Обзор проведён в базах PubMed за 2017–2023 гг.

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