Модификация липопротеидов низкой плотности низкомолекулярными карбонильными продуктами свободнорадикального окисления липидов и углеводов играет ключевую роль в атеросклеротическом повреждении стенки сосудов и дисфункции эндотелия

В обзоре приводятся доказательства участия липопротеидов низкой плотности (ЛНП), модифицированных низкомолекулярными дикарбонильными соединениями, образующимися при свободнорадикальном окислении липидов (малоновый диальдегид) и углеводов, в развитии дисфункции эндотелия и атеросклеротического поражения сосудов. Авторы полагают, что именно они, а не окисленные (гидропероксид-содержащие) ЛНП являются основными факторами патогенеза. Обсуждается роль дикарбонил-модифицированных ЛНП в LOX-1-зависимой индукции процессов, приводящих к развитию дисфункции эндотелия. Рассматриваются результаты исследований, доказывающих, что к повреждению покрывающего люминальную поверхность эндотелия гликокаликса – слоя макромолекул, препятствующего развитию дисфункции эндотелия, – ведёт гиперпродукция активных форм кислорода. Обсуждаются пути фармакологической коррекции процессов свободнорадикального окисления, благодаря которой может достигаться торможение процессов атерогенеза и диабетогенеза.

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