Коморбидная патология у детей и подростков с перинатальной ВИЧ-инфекцией: пилотное исследование

В эпоху комбинированной антиретровирусной терапии смертность людей, живущих с ВИЧ, значительно снизилась, что определило увеличение бремени сопутствующей и вторичной ВИЧ-связанной патологии как у взрослых, так и у детей и подростков, живущих с ВИЧ-инфекцией. Заболеваемость детей и подростков с ВИЧ-инфекцией и в общей популяции существенно разнится.
Цель исследования. Оценить частоту и спектр хронических сопутствующих заболеваний у детей и подростков с перинатальной ВИЧ-инфекцией.
Методы. Выполнено обсервационное исследование. Проведена выкопировка данных о заболеваемости 161 ребёнка с перинатальной ВИЧ-инфекцией, состоящего на диспансерном учёте в ГБУЗ «Иркутский областной центр по профилактике и борьбе со СПИД и инфекционными заболеваниями».
Результаты. У детей с перинатальной ВИЧ-инфекцией общая заболеваемость туберкулёзом (18633,5 на 100 000 детей), болезнями органов пищеварения (24844,7 на 100 000 детей), болезнями глаза и его придаточного аппарата (28571,4 на 100 000 детей), болезнями нервной системы (18012,4 на 100 000 детей), психическими расстройствами и расстройства поведения (13,664,6 на 100 000 детей) выше, чем общая заболеваемость детей сопоставимого возраста. Общая заболеваемость по болезням эндокринной системы, расстройствам питания и нарушениям обмена веществ, болезням уха и сосцевидного отростка, болезням системы кровообращения, болезням мочеполовой системы, а также врождённым аномалиям развития и хромосомным нарушениям у детей и подростков с перинатальной ВИЧ-инфекцией и без таковой сопоставимы.
Заключение. У детей с перинатальной ВИЧ-инфекцией распространённость болезней органов кровообращения, дыхания и мочеполовой системы сопоставима с аналогичными показателями в соответствующей популяции. Выше распространённость туберкулёза, анемий, болезней желудочнокишечного тракта, болезней глаза и его придаточного аппарата, заболеваний нервной системы, психических расстройств и расстройств поведения по сравнению с детьми, не подвергавшимися воздействию ВИЧ.

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