Тенденции управления профессиональным выгоранием медицинских сестёр в зарубежных исследованиях (обзор литературы)

В данной работе даётся общий обзор современного понимания и распространённости профессионального выгорания среди медицинских работников, резюмируются возникающие тенденции в управлении организации труда медицинских сестёр, препятствующие выгоранию, и проводится анализ практик, направленных на профилактику выгорания.

Выгорание отрицательно сказывается как на психическом, так и на соматическом здоровье, а также увеличивает экономические потери и текучесть квалифицированных кадров.

Профессиональное выгорание зависит от таких факторов как удовлетворённость работой, профессиональный ранг, уровень больницы, пол, профессиональные ценности, отрицательные эмоции и основные компетенции. Синдром выгорания тесно связан с синдромом усталости из-за сострадания и входит в более широкую концепцию профессионального качества жизни. Под состраданием понимается признание, понимание, эмоциональный резонанс, эмпатическая забота и терпимость к страданиям других, а также мотивация и действия в отношениях, чтобы помочь другим.

Проведённый анализ зарубежной литературы показал актуальность данной проблемы, в первую очередь для медицинских сестёр. Особенности работы медсестёр приводят к тому, что уровень выгорания у них выше, чем среди других медицинских работников. Предложены различные подходы к управлению профессиональным выгоранием. Мероприятия по уменьшению симптомов выгорания могут быть сосредоточены на организации, отдельном человеке или комбинированном воздействии.

Когда люди имеют систему позитивных убеждений, вовлечённость в работу и доступ ко многим личным ресурсам, они с меньшей вероятностью испытают стресс и выгорание.

Профессиональное выгорание медицинских сестёр обострилось в период COVID-19 и выявило новые актуальные проблемы здравоохранения. Пандемия COVID-19 показала нехватку медсестёр и стала серьёзной проблемой во многих странах. Для медицинского персонала важно отношение общества, значение и потребность в специализированной и профессиональной помощи, особенно в ситуациях больших трудностей и страданий. Общественная искренняя благодарность за работу медицинских сотрудников поможет укрепить сострадание к профессионалам, которые рискуют своей жизнью, чтобы помочь людям. 

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