Puncture Surgical Technologies in the Treatment of Facet Syndrome for Spondylarthrosis in the Lumbar Spine (Literature Review)

Pain in the spine is one of the most common pathological conditions and holds the second place in terms of disability throughout the world. Pain syndrome has a great influence on the functional capabilities of the spine and the professional activity of a person, and that carries a serious social and economic problem. The main causes of pain in the spine are: pathology of the intervertebral discs and the zygapophysial joints; dynamic instability of the spinal motor segment; spondylosis; stenosis of the spinal canal and dural sac with compression of the neurovascular structures; spondylolisthesis; osteoporotic compression fractures of the vertebrae; infectious diseases of the spine, etc. In connection with the aforementioned, of particular interest to clinicians is the pathology of the zygapophysial joints (spondylarthrosis), its diagnosis, and targeted ethiopathogenetic treatment using puncture surgical technology in the treatment of facet syndrome. This paper presents the results and features of puncture surgical technology in the treatment of facet syndrome in degenerative-dystrophic lesions of the zygapophysial joints of the lumbar spine. The analysis is based on 55 sources of literature of domestic and foreign authors. The article presents data on the anatomical and topographic features of the zygapophysial joints, their biomechanics, innervation and their function. The ethiopathogenetic features of pain during degeneration of facet joints are considered. The effectiveness of the use of methods of using radio and laser denervation of the zygapophysial joints in the treatment of facet syndrome is analyzed. The materials of the article describe the methods of using chemodeception, cryodestruction, and intra-articular administration of hyaluronic acid preparations.

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