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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">actabiomedica</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Acta Biomedica Scientifica</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Acta Biomedica Scientifica</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2541-9420</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-9596</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific Centre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29413/ABS.2026-11.4.20</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">actabiomedica-6335</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCHES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Адъювант на основе сквалена ASV24: эффективность усиления гуморального иммунного ответа к различным вирусным антигенам</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Squalene-based adjuvant ASV24: the effectiveness of enhancing the humoral immune response against various viral antigens</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5028-5647</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Волосникова</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Volosnikova</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Волосникова Екатерина Александровна – кандидат биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник отдела разработки технологий и пилотного производства биопрепаратов </p><p>630559, р.п. Кольцово, Новосибирская область</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina A. Volosnikova – Cand. Sc. (Biol.), leading research fellow of the Department of Technology Development and Pilot Production of biological products</p><p>Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region, 630559</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">volosnikova_ea@vector.nsc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2652-8434</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рар</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rar</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Рар Анастасия Анатольевна – инженер-микробиолог отдела разработки технологий и пилотного производства биопрепаратов</p><p>630559, р.п. Кольцово, Новосибирская область</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anastasiya A. Rar – microbiologist engineer of the Department of Technology Development and Pilot Production</p><p>Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region, 630559</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">raranas@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9006-8313</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Есина</surname><given-names>Т. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Esina</surname><given-names>T. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Есина Татьяна Игоревна – научный сотрудник отдела разработки технологий и пилотного производства биопрепаратов</p><p>630559, р.п. Кольцово, Новосибирская область</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatiana I. Esina – research fellow of the Department of Technology Development and pilot production of biological products</p><p>Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region, 630559</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">esina_ti@vector.nsc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8986-0477</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гогина</surname><given-names>Я. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gogina</surname><given-names>Ya. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гогина Яна Станиславовна – старший научный сотрудник отдела разработки технологий и пилотного производства биопрепаратов</p><p>630559, р.п. Кольцово, Новосибирская область</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yana S. Gogina – senior research fellow of the Department of Technology Development and Pilot Production of Biological Products</p><p>Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region, 630559</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gogina_yas@vector.nsc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7158-9889</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Олькин</surname><given-names>С. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ol’kin</surname><given-names>S. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Олькин Сергей Евгеньевич – ведущий научный сотрудник отдела биофизики и экологических исследований</p><p>630559, р.п. Кольцово, Новосибирская область</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey E. Olkin – leading research fellow of the Department of Biophysics and Environmental Research</p><p>Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region, 630559</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">olkin@vector.nsc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2916-2866</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мордвинова</surname><given-names>Е. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mordvinova</surname><given-names>E. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мордвинова Екатерина Денисовна – стажёр-исследователь отдела биофизики и экологических исследований </p><p>630559, р.п. Кольцово, Новосибирская область</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina D. Mordvinova – intern researcher of the Department of Biophysics and Environmental Research</p><p>Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region, 630559</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mordvinova97@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9985-1582</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шаньшин</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shan’shin</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шаньшин Даниил Васильевич – кандидат биологических наук, младший научный сотрудник отдела биофизики и экологических исследований</p><p>630559, р.п. Кольцово, Новосибирская область</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Daniil V. Shanshin – Cand. Sc. (Biol.), research assistant of the Department of Biophysics and Environmental Research</p><p>Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region, 630559</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shanshin_dv@vector.nsc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2171-7444</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ушкаленко</surname><given-names>Н. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ushkalenko</surname><given-names>N. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ушкаленко Никита Дмитриевич – кандидат биологических наук, младший научный сотрудник отдела разработки и производства средств диагностики</p><p>630559, р.п. Кольцово, Новосибирская область</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nikita D. Ushkalenko – Cand. Sc. (Biol.), research assistant of the Department of development and production of diagnostic tools</p><p>Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region, 630559</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ushkalenko_nd@vector.nsc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4085-2887</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Исаева</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Isaeva</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Исаева Анастасия Александровна – кандидат химических наук, старший научный сотрудник отдела биофизики и экологических исследований</p><p>630559, р.п. Кольцово, Новосибирская область</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anastasiya A. Isaeva – senior research fellow of the Department of Biophysics and Environmental Research</p><p>Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region, 630559</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">isaeva_aa@vector.nsc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0276-7229</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гайворонский</surname><given-names>С. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gayvoronskiy</surname><given-names>S. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гайворонский Сергей Игоревич – стажёр-исследователь отдела биофизики и экологических исследований</p><p>630559, р.п. Кольцово, Новосибирская область</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey I. Gayvoronskiy – intern researcher the Department of Biophysics and Environmental Research</p><p>Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region, 630559</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gajvoronskij_si@vector.nsc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8023-4453</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Щербаков</surname><given-names>Д. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shcherbakov</surname><given-names>D. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Щербаков Дмитрий Николаевич – кандидат биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник отдела биофизики и экологических исследований</p><p>630559, р.п. Кольцово, Новосибирская область</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitry N. Shcherbakov – Cand. Sc. (Biol.), lead research fellow of the Department of Biophysics and Environmental Research</p><p>Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region, 630559</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">scherbakov_dn@vector.nsc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУН Государственный научный центр вирусологии и биотехнологии&#13;
«Вектор» Роспотребнадзора</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology «Vector», Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-being</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>10</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>197</fpage><lpage>204</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Волосникова Е.А., Рар А.А., Есина Т.И., Гогина Я.С., Олькин С.Е., Мордвинова Е.Д., Шаньшин Д.В., Ушкаленко Н.Д., Исаева А.А., Гайворонский С.И., Щербаков Д.Н., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Волосникова Е.А., Рар А.А., Есина Т.И., Гогина Я.С., Олькин С.Е., Мордвинова Е.Д., Шаньшин Д.В., Ушкаленко Н.Д., Исаева А.А., Гайворонский С.И., Щербаков Д.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Volosnikova E.A., Rar A.A., Esina T.I., Gogina Y.S., Ol’kin S.E., Mordvinova E.D., Shan’shin D.V., Ushkalenko N.D., Isaeva A.A., Gayvoronskiy S.I., Shcherbakov D.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.actabiomedica.ru/jour/article/view/6335">https://www.actabiomedica.ru/jour/article/view/6335</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Обоснование</title><p>Обоснование. Сквален представляет собой перспективную основу для создания новых адъювантных композиций, обладающих сравнимой с традиционными адъювантами эффективностью, но улучшенным профилем безопасности.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования. Разработка адъювантной композиции на основе сквалена и оценка ее способности усиливать гуморальный иммунный ответ против трех вирусных антигенов: рецептор-связывающего домена (RBDd) S-белка SARS-CoV-2 варианта Delta, домена III (WDIII) поверхностного белка E вируса Западного Нила и поверхностного гликопротеина (trGPM) вируса Марбург.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Адъювант изготавливали в форме масляно-водной эмульсии, содержащей сквален, лецитин и Твин-80, с последующей ультразвуковой гомогенизацией. Мышей линии BALB/c иммунизировали внутримышечно двукратно с интервалом 14 дней. Титры специфических IgG-антител определяли методом ИФА. Статистический анализ проводили с использованием U-критерия Манна – Уитни.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Эмульсия ASV24 сохраняла стабильность в течение 12 месяцев. При иммунизации антигеном WDIII, полученным в прокариотической системе E. coli, адъювантная активность ASV24 была сопоставима с таковой для гидроксида алюминия. Для антигена RBDd, полученного в клетках CHO, наблюдался тренд к более высоким титрам в группе с ASV24 (3,6 × 10⁶) по сравнению с гидроксидом алюминия (9,6 × 10⁵), однако статистически значимых различий не выявлено. Выраженное преимущество ASV24 продемонстрировано для trGPM, также полученного использованием клеток CHO: средний обратный титр IgG на 1,5 порядка превышал показатель в группе с гидроксидом алюминия.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Адъювантная композиция ASV24 стабильна, а ее эффективность может превосходить гидроксид алюминия при использовании сложных мультимерных антигенов, полученных в эукариотических системах экспрессии. Полученные данные позволяют рассматривать ASV24 как перспективный адъювант для разработки субъединичных вакцин.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. Squalene represents a promising basis for the development of novel adjuvant compositions with efficacy comparable to traditional adjuvants but with an improved safety profile.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective. To develop a novel squalene based adjuvant composition and evaluate its ability to enhance the humoral immune response against three different viral antigens — the receptor binding domain (RBDd) of the SARS CoV 2 Delta variant S protein, domain III (WDIII) of the West Nile virus E surface protein, and the surface glycoprotein (trGPM) of the Marburg virus.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The adjuvant was prepared as an oil-in-water emulsion containing squalene, lecithin and Tween 80, followed by ultrasonic homogenization. BALB/c mice were immunized with two intramuscular injections 14 days apart. Specific IgG antibody titers were determined by ELISA. Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann–Whitney U-test.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The ASV24 emulsion remained stable for 12 months. When immunized with the WDIII antigen produced in the prokaryotic E. coli system, the adjuvant activity of ASV24 was comparable to that of aluminum hydroxide. For the RBDd antigen produced in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, a trend toward higher titers was observed in the ASV24 group (3.6 × 10⁶) compared to aluminum hydroxide (9.6 × 10⁵), although no statistically significant differences were found. A pronounced advantage of ASV24 was demonstrated for trGPM, also produced in CHO cells: the mean reciprocal titer was 1,5 orders of magnitude higher than that in the aluminum hydroxide group.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The ASV24 adjuvant composition is stable, and its efficacy can surpass that of aluminum hydroxide when using complex multimeric antigens produced in eukaryotic expression systems. These findings suggest that ASV24 is a promising adjuvant for the development of subunit vaccines.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>адъювант</kwd><kwd>сквален</kwd><kwd>субъединичная вакцина</kwd><kwd>рецептор-связывающий домен</kwd><kwd>RBD</kwd><kwd>домен III белка Е вируса Западного Нила</kwd><kwd>гликопротеин вируса Марбург</kwd><kwd>эмульсия</kwd><kwd>специфические антитела</kwd><kwd>мыши</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>adjuvant</kwd><kwd>squalene</kwd><kwd>subunit vaccine</kwd><kwd>receptor-binding domain</kwd><kwd>RBD</kwd><kwd>West Nile virus protein E domain III</kwd><kwd>Marburg virus glycoprotein</kwd><kwd>emulsion</kwd><kwd>specific antibodies</kwd><kwd>mice</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках Государственного задания, Тема ГЗ-23/26 «Разработка и изучение новых адьювантных систем»</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Apostolopoulos V, Chavda VP (eds.). 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