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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">actabiomedica</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Acta Biomedica Scientifica</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Acta Biomedica Scientifica</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2541-9420</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-9596</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific Centre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29413/ABS.2026-11.4.17</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">actabiomedica-6332</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПЕДИАТРИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PEDIATRICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Сравнительная оценка состава микробиоты толстой кишки у подростков с ожирением и нормальной массой тела</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Comparative assessment of the colonic microbiota composition in adolescents with obesity and normal body weight</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2878-4561</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Логачева</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Logacheva</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Логачева Ольга Андреевна – ассистент кафедры пропедевтики детских болезней, детской эндокринологии и диабетологии</p><p>410012, г. Саратов, ул. Большая Казачья, 112</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga A. Logacheva – Assistant of the Department of propaedeutics of childhood diseases, pediatric endocrinology and diabetology</p><p>Bolshaya Kazachya Str., 112, Saratov 410012</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">olya.logacheva2015@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1613-4156</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Филина</surname><given-names>Н. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Filina</surname><given-names>N. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Филина Наталья Юрьевна – доктор медицинских наук, доцент, заведующий кафедрой пропедевтики детских болезней, детской эндокринологии и диабетологии </p><p>410012, г. Саратов, ул. Большая Казачья, 112</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalya Yu. Filina – Dr. Sc. (Med.), associate professor, head of the Department of propaedeutics of childhood diseases, pediatric endocrinology and diabetology</p><p>Bolshaya Kazachya Str., 112, Saratov 410012</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">natalya-filina@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8148-526X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Болотова</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bolotova</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Болотова Нина Викторовна – доктор медицинских наук, профессор, профессор кафедры пропедевтики детских болезней, детской эндокринологии и диабетологии </p><p>410012, г. Саратов, ул. Большая Казачья, 112</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nina V. Bolotova – Dr. Sc. (Med.), professor, professor of the Department of propaedeutics of childhood diseases, pediatric endocrinology and diabetology</p><p>Bolshaya Kazachya Str., 112, Saratov 410012</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kafedranv@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8119-0405</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чередникова</surname><given-names>К. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Cherednikova</surname><given-names>K. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Чередникова Ксения Александровна – кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры пропедевтики детских болезней, детской эндокринологии и диабетологии </p><p>410012, г. Саратов, ул. Большая Казачья, 112</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ksenia A. Cherednikova – Cand. Sc. (Med.), associate professor of the Department of propaedeutics of childhood diseases, pediatric endocrinology and diabetology</p><p>Bolshaya Kazachya Str., 112, Saratov 410012</p><p> </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">iw.nazarenko2012@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2701-3333</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пылаев</surname><given-names>Т. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pylaev</surname><given-names>T. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пылаев Тимофей Евгеньевич – кандидат биологических наук, директор научно-производственного и образовательного центра молекулярно-генетических и клеточных технологий </p><p>410012, г. Саратов, ул. Большая Казачья, 112</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Timofey E. Pylaev – Cand. Sc. (Biol.), director of the Research, Production and Educational Center for Molecular-Genetic and Cellular Technologies</p><p>Bolshaya Kazachya Str., 112, Saratov 410012</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pylaevte@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1974-6609</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Николаева</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikolaeva</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Николаева Наталия Валерьевна – кандидат медицинских наук, зам. глав. врача по экспертизе временной нетрудоспособности </p><p>410012, г. Саратов, ул. Большая Казачья, 112</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia V. Nikolaeva – Cand. Sc. (Med.), Deputy Chief Physician for Temporary Disability Examination</p><p>Bolshaya Kazachya Str., 112, Saratov 410012</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nat8575@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Саратовский государственный медицинский университет им. В.И. Разумовского» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saratov State Medical University named after V.I. Razumovsky, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>10</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>166</fpage><lpage>176</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Логачева О.А., Филина Н.Ю., Болотова Н.В., Чередникова К.А., Пылаев Т.Е., Николаева Н.В., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Логачева О.А., Филина Н.Ю., Болотова Н.В., Чередникова К.А., Пылаев Т.Е., Николаева Н.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Logacheva O.A., Filina N.Y., Bolotova N.V., Cherednikova K.А., Pylaev T.E., Nikolaeva N.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.actabiomedica.ru/jour/article/view/6332">https://www.actabiomedica.ru/jour/article/view/6332</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Ожирение у подростков представляет собой глобальную медико-социальную проблему, ассоциированную с прогрессирующим ростом заболеваемости. Роль структурных изменений микробного сообщества толстой кишки в патогенезе экзогенно-конституционального ожирения у подростков остаётся недостаточно изученной, а данные о характерных таксономических нарушениях противоречивы.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Изучить особенности качественного и количественного состава микробиоты толстой кишки у подростков с ожирением и нормальной массой тела.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Проведено одномоментное сравнительное исследование. Основная группа – 20 подростков 12–17 лет с ожирением (SDS ИМТ ≥ +2,0), контрольная группа – 20 подростков с нормальной массой тела. Методом ПЦР в реальном времени исследовали таксономический состав микробиоты с использованием тест-системы «Колонофлор-16». Статистический анализ проводили с использованием критериев Манна – Уитни и Фишера.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. При сравнении с контрольной группой изменения таксономического состава микробиоты у подростков с ожирением характеризовались статистически значимым снижением общей бактериальной массы и численности ключевых симбионтов – Bifidobacterium spp. Снижение уровня Lactobacillus spp. отмечалось в обеих исследуемых группах без статистически значимых межгрупповых различий. Выявлен дефицит бутират-продуцентов и ключевых участников ферментации клетчатки: Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Eubacterium rectale, Akkermansia muciniphila, а также тенденция к снижению Roseburia inulinivorans, Ruminococcus spp., Prevotella spp. и Blautia spp. Одновременно зафиксировано увеличение численности Bacteroides spp., условно-патогенных микроорганизмов (Enterobacter spp., Escherichia coli, Streptococcus spp., Enterococcus spp.) и соотношения Bacteroides spp. / Faecalibacterium prausnitzii. В основной группе подростков были выявлены Clostridium difficile, Clostridium perfringens, Staphylococcus aureus, Acinetobacter spp. и грибы рода Candida.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. У подростков с ожирением выявлен специфический провоспалительный профиль микробиоты, характеризующийся обеднением симбионтов, дефицитом бутират-продуцентов и избыточным ростом условно-патогенных таксонов. Полученные данные определяют потенциальные мишени для персонализированной микробиомной коррекции в комплексной терапии ожирения.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Obesity in adolescents is a global medical and social problem associated with a progressive increase in incidence. The role of structural changes in the colonic microbial community in the pathogenesis of exogenous-constitutional obesity in adolescents remains insufficiently studied, and data on characteristic taxonomic alterations are contradictory.</p></sec><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. To study the characteristics of the qualitative and quantitative composition of the colonic microbiota in adolescents with obesity and normal body weight.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. A cross-sectional comparative study was conducted. The main group consisted of 20 adolescents aged 12–17 years with obesity (BMI SDS ≥ +2.0), and the control group consisted of 20 adolescents with normal body weight. The taxonomic composition of the microbiota was examined by real-time PCR using the “Colonoflor-16” test system. Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann – Whitney and Fisher tests.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Compared to the control group, changes in the taxonomic composition of the microbiota in adolescents with obesity were characterized by a significant decrease in total bacterial mass and the abundance of key symbionts, including Bifidobacterium spp. A decrease in the level of Lactobacillus spp. was observed in both study groups without statistically significant intergroup differences. A deficiency of butyrate producers and key participants in fiber fermentation was identified, including Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Eubacterium rectale, and Akkermansia muciniphila, as well as a trend toward a decrease in Roseburia inulinivorans, Ruminococcus spp., Prevotella spp., and Blautia spp. Concurrently, an increase was recorded in the abundance of Bacteroides spp., opportunistic pathogens (Enterobacter spp., Escherichia coli, Streptococcus spp., Enterococcus spp.), and the Bacteroides spp. / Faecalibacterium prausnitzii ratio. In the main group of adolescents, Clostridium difficile, Clostridium perfringens, Staphylococcus aureus, Acinetobacter spp., and fungi of the genus Candida were detected.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Adolescents with obesity exhibit a specific pro-inflammatory profile of the colonic microbiota, characterized by depletion of symbionts, deficiency of butyrate producers, and overgrowth of opportunistic taxa. The obtained data identify potential targets for personalized microbiome correction in the comprehensive therapy of obesity.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ожирение</kwd><kwd>дети</kwd><kwd>подростки</kwd><kwd>микробиота толстой кишки</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>pediatric obesity</kwd><kwd>child</kwd><kwd>adolescent</kwd><kwd>colonic microbiota</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке гранта ФГБОУ ВО «Саратовский государственный медицинский университет им. В.И.  Разумовского» Минздрава России в рамках научного проекта «Разработка программ персонализированного лечения детей с ожирением», № SSMU-2022-006 на кафедре пропедевтики детских болезней, детской эндокринологии и диабетологии в период с 2022 по 2024 гг.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">ВОЗ. Ожирение и избыточный вес. Информационный бюллетень. 01.03.2024. URL: https://www.who.int/news-room/factsheets/detail/obesity-and-overweight</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">World Health Organization. Obesity and overweight. Fact sheet. 01.03.2024 (In Russ.). URL:  https://www.who.int/news-room/factsheets/detail/obesity-and-overweight</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hampl SE, Hassink SG, Skinner AC, et al. 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