<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">actabiomedica</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Acta Biomedica Scientifica</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Acta Biomedica Scientifica</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2541-9420</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-9596</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific Centre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29413/ABS.2026-11.4.12</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">actabiomedica-6327</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МИКРОБИОЛОГИЯ И ВИРУСОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MICROBIOLOGY AND VIRUSOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Обоснование выбора штаммов лактобацилл для создания пробиотического микробного консорциума на основе их биологической безопасности</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Rationale of the selection of lactobacilli strains for the development of a probiotic microbial consortium based on their biological safety</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8522-7359</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зугеева</surname><given-names>Р. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zugeeva</surname><given-names>R. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Зугеева Раиса Евгеньевна – младший научный сотрудник лаборатории биомедицинской микроэкологии</p><p>664003, г. Иркутск, ул. Тимирязева, 16</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Raisa E. Zugeeva – junior researcher at the Laboratory of Biomedical Microecology</p><p>Timiryazev Str., 16, Irkutsk 664003</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">raya.zugeeva@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3614-6631</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Смурова</surname><given-names>Н. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Smurova</surname><given-names>N. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Смурова Надежда Евгеньевна – лаборант-исследователь лаборатории биомедицинской микроэкологии</p><p>664003, г. Иркутск, ул. Тимирязева, 16</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nadezhda E. Smurova – laboratory assistant-researcher at the Laboratory of Biomedical Microecology</p><p>Timiryazev Str., 16, Irkutsk 664003</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nadinasmurova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0398-4598</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Горкавенко</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gorkavenko</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Горкавенко Анна Сергеевна – младший научный сотрудник лаборатории биомедицинской микроэкологии</p><p>664003, г. Иркутск, ул. Тимирязева, 16</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna S. Gorkavenko – junior researcher at the Laboratory of Biomedical Microecology</p><p>Timiryazev Str., 16, Irkutsk 664003</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">annapend@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0979-8816</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Клименко</surname><given-names>Е. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Klimenko</surname><given-names>E. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Клименко Елизавета Станиславовна – младший научный сотрудник функциональной группы геномных исследований и биоинформационного анализа</p><p>664003, г. Иркутск, ул. Тимирязева, 16</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elizaveta S. Klimenko – junior researcher at the Functional Group of Genomic Research and Bioinformatics analysis</p><p>Timiryazev Str., 16, Irkutsk 664003</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">klimenko.elizabet@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9720-068X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Белькова</surname><given-names>Н. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Belkova</surname><given-names>N. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Белькова Наталья Леонидовна – кандидат биологических наук, доцент, заведующая лабораторией микробиома и микроэкологии</p><p>664003, г. Иркутск, ул. Тимирязева, 16</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia L. Belkova – Cand. Sc. (Biol.), assoc. prof., leading research at the Laboratory of Microbiome and Microecology</p><p>Timiryazev Str., 16, Irkutsk 664003</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nlbelkova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6512-1335</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Семёнова</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Semenova</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Семёнова Наталья Викторовна – доктор биологических наук, профессор РАН, главный научный сотрудник лаборатории патофизиологии</p><p>664003, г. Иркутск, ул. Тимирязева, 16</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalya V. Semenova – Dr. Sc. (Biol.), professor of the RAS, chief researcher at the Laboratory of Pathophysiology</p><p>Timiryazev Str., 16, Irkutsk 664003</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">natkor_84@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0117-2563</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рычкова</surname><given-names>Л. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rychkova</surname><given-names>L. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Рычкова Любовь Владимировна – доктор медицинских наук, член-корреспондент РАН, профессор, директор </p><p>664003, г. Иркутск, ул. Тимирязева, 16</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Lyubov V. Rychkova – Dr. Sc. (Med.), corresponding member of the RAS, professor, Director </p><p>Timiryazev Str., 16, Irkutsk 664003</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">phr@sbamsr.irk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Научный центр проблем здоровья семьи и репродукции человека»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Scientific Centre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>10</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>117</fpage><lpage>125</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Зугеева Р.Е., Смурова Н.Е., Горкавенко А.С., Клименко Е.С., Белькова Н.Л., Семёнова Н.В., Рычкова Л.В., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Зугеева Р.Е., Смурова Н.Е., Горкавенко А.С., Клименко Е.С., Белькова Н.Л., Семёнова Н.В., Рычкова Л.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zugeeva R.E., Smurova N.E., Gorkavenko A.S., Klimenko E.S., Belkova N.L., Semenova N.V., Rychkova L.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.actabiomedica.ru/jour/article/view/6327">https://www.actabiomedica.ru/jour/article/view/6327</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность. Лактобациллы, являясь представителями нормобиоты, представляют большой интерес как наиболее важный и перспективный объект биотехнологии для создания пробиотических препаратов и функционального питания. Ключевым критерием выбора штаммов является подтвержденная безопасность, а именно отсутствие генов вирулентности и устойчивости к антимикробным препаратам (АМП). Важным аспектом в биобезопасности лактобацилл также является отсутствие плазмидного материала в геноме.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель работы</title><p>Цель работы. Оценить безопасность штаммов лактобацилл на основании фенотипической чувствительности к АМП и полногеномного анализа для обоснованного отбора штаммов–кандидатов в состав пробиотических консорциумов.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В исследование вошло 34 штамма лактобацилл, выделенных из кишечного биотопа здоровых и условно–здоровых детей и подростков Иркутской области. Идентификацию штаммов проводили с использованием MALDI-TOF масс–спектрометрии и полногеномного секвенирования. Чувствительность к АМП определяли диско–диффузионным методом. Проводили скрининг геномов штаммов лактобацилл на наличие генов устойчивости к АМП, вирулентности и плазмидных последовательностей.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Фенотипический анализ чувствительности штаммов лактобацилл к АМП выявил как общие для всей коллекции черты, так и видоспецифичные особенности, преимущественно в отношении оксациллина и пенициллина G. В геномах всех проанализированных штаммов лактобацилл гены устойчивости к АМП и вирулентности отсутствовали. Плазмиды обнаружены в геномах 26 из 34 штаммов. По способности к горизонтальному переносу 37 плазмид были немобильными, 22 – мобильными и 1 – конъюгативная. Штаммы с мобильными и конъюгативными плазмидами были исключены из списка кандидатных штаммов в пробиотические консорциумы.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Предложенный алгоритм отбора штаммов лактобацилл, включающий оценку фенотипической чувствительности к АМП, скрининг генома на наличие генов устойчивости к АМП, вирулентности и мобильных плазмидных элементов, позволяет отбирать безопасные штаммы для дальнейшего конструирования пробиотических консорциумов.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. Lactobacilli, being representatives of the normobiota, are of great interest as the most important and promising biotechnological targets for the development of probiotics and functional nutrition. The key criterion for strain selection is proven safety, specifically the absence of virulence and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes. An important aspect of the biosafety of lactobacilli is the absence of plasmids in the genome.</p></sec><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. To evaluate the safety of lactobacilli strains based on their phenotypic susceptibility to antimicrobials (AMs) and whole-genome analysis for the evidence-based selection of candidate strains for probiotic consortia.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The study included 34 strains of lactobacilli isolated from the intestinal biotope of healthy and apparently healthy children and adolescents in the Irkutsk region. The strains were identified using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and whole-genome sequencing. Susceptibility to AMs was determined using the disk diffusion method. The genomes of lactobacillus strains were screened for the presence of AMR, virulence, and plasmid sequences.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. A phenotypic analysis of the susceptibility of lactobacilli strains to AMs revealed both collection-wide characteristics and species-specific features, mainly in relation to oxacillin and penicillin G. The genes for AMR and virulence were absent in the genomes of all analyzed lactobacillus strains. Plasmids were found in the genomes of 26 of the 34 strains. In terms of horizontal transfer, 37 plasmids were non-mobilizable, 22 were mobilizable, and 1 was conjugative. Strains with mobile and conjugative plasmids were excluded from the list of candidate strains for probiotic consortia.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The proposed algorithm for selecting lactobacilli strains, including the assessment of phenotypic susceptibility to AMs, genome screening for the presence of AMR and virulence genes, and mobile plasmid elements, enables the selection of safe strains for the further development of probiotic consortia.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>лактобациллы</kwd><kwd>микробный консорциум</kwd><kwd>пробиотик</kwd><kwd>чувствительность к антибиотикам</kwd><kwd>полногеномное секвенирование</kwd><kwd>плазмиды</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>lactobacilli</kwd><kwd>microbial consortia</kwd><kwd>probiotic</kwd><kwd>antibiotic susceptibility</kwd><kwd>whole-genome sequencing</kwd><kwd>plasmids</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено в рамках государственной темы № 125011600372-4</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chen Y, Zhou J, Wang L. Role and Mechanism of Gut Microbiota in Human Disease. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2021; 11: 625913. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.625913</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chen Y, Zhou J, Wang L. Role and Mechanism of Gut Microbiota in Human Disease. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2021; 11: 625913. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.625913</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Клименко Е.С., Белькова Н.Л., Погодина А.В., Рычкова Л.В., Даренская М.А. Коморбидность функциональных расстройств кишечника и ожирения с точки зрения микробиома. Acta biomedica scientifica. 2022; 7(5–2): 56–66. doi: 10.29413/ABS.2022-7.5-2.6</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Klimenko ES, Belkova NL, Pogodina AV, Rychkova L, Darenskaya MA. Comorbidity of functional bowel disorders and obesity in terms of microbiome. Acta biomedica scientifica. 2022; 7(5–2): 56–66. (In Russ.). doi: 10.29413/ABS.2022-7.5-2.6</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Маев И.В., Лямина С.В. Кишечная микробиота: новые возможности диагностики и лечения. Клиническая медицина. 2024; 102(4): 297–308. doi: 10.30629/0023-2149-2024-102-4-297-308</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maev IV, Lyamina SV. Gut microbiome: new diagnostic and treatment options. Klinicheskaya meditsina. 2023; 102(4): 297–308. (In Russ.). doi: 10.30629/0023-2149-2024-102-4-297-308</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Савинова Ю.С., Белькова Н.Л., Семёнова Н.В., Рычкова Л.В. История, современные направления и перспективы развития про- и пребиотических препаратов в России и за рубежом. Acta biomedica scientifica. 2022; 7(5–1): 211–227. doi: 10.29413/ABS.2022-7.5-1.23</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Savinova YuS, Belkova NL, Semenova NV, Rychkova LV. History, current trends and prospects for the development of pro- and prebiotic drugs in Russia and abroad. Acta biomedica scientifica. 2022; 7(5–1): 211– 227. (In Russ.). doi: 10.29413/ABS.2022-7.5-1.23</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shah AB, Baiseitova A, Zahoor M, Ahmad I, Ikram M, Bakhsh A, et al. Probiotic significance of Lactobacillus strains: a comprehensive review on health impacts, research gaps, and future prospects. Gut Microbes. 2024; 16(1): 2431643. doi: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2431643</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shah AB, Baiseitova A, Zahoor M, Ahmad I, Ikram M, Bakhsh A, et al. Probiotic significance of Lactobacillus strains: a comprehensive review on health impacts, research gaps, and future prospects. Gut Microbes. 2024; 16(1): 2431643. doi: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2431643</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Klimenko E, Belkova N, Gorkavenko A, Smurova N, Zugeeva R, Morozova A, et al. Lactobacillus paragasseri lg94 With High L-Lactic Acid Production and Probiotic Potential. Front. Biosci. 2026; 18(2): 47162. doi: 10.31083/FBE47162</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Klimenko E, Belkova N, Gorkavenko A, Smurova N, Zugeeva  R, Morozova  A, et  al. Lactobacillus paragasseri lg94 With High L-Lactic Acid Production and Probiotic Potential. Front. Biosci. 2026; 18(2): 47162. doi: 10.31083/FBE47162</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Araya M, Morelli L, Reid G, Sanders M, Stanton C, Pineiro M, et al. Guidelines for the evaluation of probiotics in food. World Health Organization, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 2002; 35–45.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Araya M, Morelli L, Reid G, Sanders M, Stanton C, Pineiro M, et al. Guidelines for the evaluation of probiotics in food. World Health Organization, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 2002; 35–45.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Система предрегистрационного доклинического изучения безопасности препаратов. Отбор, проверка и хранение производственных штаммов, используемых при производстве пробиотиков: Методические указания. – М.: Федеральный центр гигиены и эпидемиологии Роспотребнадзора, 2010; 60.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">The system of pre-registration preclinical study of drug safety. Selection, verification and storage of production strains used in the production of probiotics: Methodological guidelines. – M.: Federal Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology of Rospotrebnadzor, 2010; 60. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кишилова С.А., Леонова В.А., Митрова В.А., Рожкова И.В. Современные биотехнологические решения в области использования молочнокислых бактерий для молочной промышленности: от селекции штаммов до пробиотических продуктов. Техника и технология пищевых производств. 2025; 55(3): 624–633. doi: 10.21603/2074-9414-2025-3-2596</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kishilova SA, Leonova VA, Mitrova VA, Rozhkova IV. Advanced Biotechnological Solutions for Lactic Acid Bacteria in Dairy Industry: From Strain Selection to Probiotic Products. Food Processing: Techniques and Technology. 2025; 55(3): 624– 633. (In Russ.). doi: 10.21603/2074-9414-2025-3-2596</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Методические указания по санитарно-эпидемиологической оценке безопасности и функционального потенциала пробиотических микроорганизмов, используемых для производства пищевых продуктов: Методические указания. – М.: Федеральный центр гигиены и эпидемиологии Роспотребнадзора. 2011; 104.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Methodological guidelines for the sanitary and epidemiological assessment of the safety and functional potential of probiotic microorganisms used for food production: Methodological guidelines. – M.: Federal Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology of Rospotrebnadzor. 2011; 104. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Davray D, Deo D, Kulkarni R. Plasmids encode niche-specific traits in Lactobacillaceae. Microbial Genomics. 2021; 7(3): 000472. doi: 10.1099/mgen.00472</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Davray D, Deo D, Kulkarni R. Plasmids encode niche-specific traits in Lactobacillaceae. Microbial Genomics. 2021; 7(3): 000472. doi: 10.1099/mgen.00472</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Smurova NE, Gorkavenko AS, Zugeeva RE, Belkova NL, Chemezova NN, Kondratov IG, et al. Analysis of Antibiotic Susceptibility of Lactobacillus Strains Isolated from Adolescent Gut Microbiota. Bull Exp Biol Med. 2026; 180: 618–621. doi: 10.1007/s10517-026-06687-w</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Smurova NE, Gorkavenko AS, Zugeeva RE, Belkova NL, Chemezova NN, Kondratov IG, et al. Analysis of Antibiotic Susceptibility of Lactobacillus Strains Isolated from Adolescent Gut Microbiota. Bull Exp Biol Med. 2026; 180: 618–621. doi: 10.1007/s10517-026-06687-w</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kondratov IG, Ogarkov OB, Sinkov VV, Suzdalnitsky AE, Koshcheyev ME, Orlova EA, et al. Prediction of metabolic profile and virulence factors of facultative-anaerobic bacteria from tuberculous necrosis foci based on whole-genome sequencing data. Bull. Exp. Biol. Med. 2025; 179: 446–449. doi: 10.1007/s10517-025-06508-6</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kondratov IG, Ogarkov OB, Sinkov VV, Suzdalnitsky AE, Koshcheyev ME, Orlova EA, et al. Prediction of metabolic profile and virulence factors of facultative-anaerobic bacteria from tuberculous necrosis foci based on whole-genome sequencing data. Bull. Exp. Biol. Med. 2025; 179: 446–449. doi: 10.1007/s10517-025-06508-6</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Andrews SA. Quality Control tool for High Throughput Sequence Data. http://www.bioinformatics.babraham.ac.uk/projects/fastqc/ [date of access: July 07, 2026].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Andrews SA. Quality Control tool for High Throughput Sequence Data. http://www.bioinformatics.babraham.ac.uk/projects/fastqc/ [date of access: July 07, 2026].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bolger AM, Lohse M, Usadel B. Trimmomatic: a flexible trimmer for Illumina sequence data. Bioinformatics. 2014; 30(15): 2114–2120. doi: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btu170</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bolger AM, Lohse M, Usadel B. Trimmomatic: a flexible trimmer for Illumina sequence data. Bioinformatics. 2014; 30(15): 2114–2120. doi: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btu170</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bankevich A, Nurk S, Antipov D, Gurevich AA, DvorkinM, Kulikov AS, et al. SPAdes: a new genome assembly algorithm and its applications to single-cell sequencing. Journal of computational biology. 2012; 19(5): 455–477. doi: 10.1089/cmb.2012.0021</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bankevich A, Nurk S, Antipov D, Gurevich AA, DvorkinM, Kulikov AS, et al. SPAdes: a new genome assembly algorithm and its applications to single-cell sequencing. Journal of computational biology. 2012; 19(5): 455–477. doi: 10.1089/cmb.2012.0021</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mikheenko A, Prjibelski A, Saveliev V, Antipov D, Gurevich A. Versatile genome assembly evaluation with QUAST-LG. Bioinformatics. 2018; 34(13): i142–i150. doi: 10.1093/bioinformatics/bty266</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mikheenko A, Prjibelski A, Saveliev V, Antipov D, Gurevich A. Versatile genome assembly evaluation with QUAST-LG. Bioinformatics. 2018; 34(13): i142–i150. doi: 10.1093/bioinformatics/bty266</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Seemann T. Prokka: rapid prokaryotic genome annotation. Bioinformatics. 2014; 30(14): 2068–2069. doi: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btu153</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Seemann T. Prokka: rapid prokaryotic genome annotation. Bioinformatics. 2014; 30(14): 2068–2069. doi: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btu153</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rodriguez-R LM, Gunturu S, Harvey WT, Rosselló-Mora R, Tiedje JM, Cole JR, et al. The Microbial Genomes Atlas (MiGA) webserver: taxonomic and gene diversity analysis of Archaea and Bacteria at the whole genome level. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018; 46(W1): W282–W288. doi: 1093/nar/gky467</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rodriguez-R LM, Gunturu S, Harvey WT, Rosselló-Mora R, Tiedje JM, Cole JR, et al. The Microbial Genomes Atlas (MiGA) webserver: taxonomic and gene diversity analysis of Archaea and Bacteria at the whole genome level. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018; 46(W1): W282–W288. doi: 1093/nar/gky467</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Seemann T. ABRicate: mass screening of contigs for antiobiotic resistance genes. https://github.com/tseemann/abricate/ [date of access: July 07, 2026].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Seemann T. ABRicate: mass screening of contigs for antiobiotic resistance genes. https://github.com/tseemann/abricate/ [date of access: July 07, 2026].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Robertson J, Nash JHE. MOB-suite: software tools for clustering, reconstruction and typing of plasmids from draft assemblies. Microbial genomics. 2018; 4(8): e000206. doi: 10.1099/mgen.0.000206</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Robertson J, Nash JHE. MOB-suite: software tools for clustering, reconstruction and typing of plasmids from draft assemblies. Microbial genomics. 2018; 4(8): e000206. doi: 10.1099/mgen.0.000206</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sağlam H, Karahan AG. Plasmid stability of potential probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum strains in artificial gastric juice, at elevated temperature, and in the presence of novobiocin and acriflavine. Arch Microbiol. 2021; 203(1): 183–191. doi: 10.1007/s00203-020-02017-4</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sağlam H, Karahan AG. Plasmid stability of potential probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum strains in artificial gastric juice, at elevated temperature, and in the presence of novobiocin and acriflavine. Arch Microbiol. 2021; 203(1): 183–191. doi: 10.1007/s00203-020-02017-4</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
