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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">actabiomedica</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Acta Biomedica Scientifica</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Acta Biomedica Scientifica</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2541-9420</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-9596</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific Centre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29413/ABS.2026-11.4.11</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">actabiomedica-6326</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МИКРОБИОЛОГИЯ И ВИРУСОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MICROBIOLOGY AND VIRUSOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Комбинированное воздействие этоксилированного нонилфенола и наночастиц оксида меди (CuO) на биопленки Rhodococcus ruber</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Combined effect of ethoxylated nonylphenol and copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO) on Rhodococcus ruber biofilms</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9266-3877</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Баяндина</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bayandina</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Баяндина Елена Александровна – аспирант, инженер-исследователь Rhodococcus-центра, ФГАОУ ВО «Пермский государственный национальный исследовательский университет»; младший научный сотрудник лаборатории механобиологии живых систем, ФГБУН «Институт экологии и генетики микроорганизмов Уральского отделения Российской академии наук» – филиал ФГБУН «Пермский федеральный исследовательский центр» УрО РАН</p><p>614068, Пермь, Букирева, 15,</p><p>614081, Пермь, Голева 13</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena A. Bayandina – postgraduate student, research engineer at the Rhodococcus Centre; Perm State University (PSU); junior researcher at the Laboratory of Mechanobiology of Living Systems, Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences – branch of the Perm Federal Research Center, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences</p><p>Bukirev St., 15, Perm 614068, </p><p>Golev St., 13, Perm 614081</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">elenabaiandinapsu@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9165-8363</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Куюкина</surname><given-names>М. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuyukina</surname><given-names>M. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Куюкина Мария Станиславовна – доктор биологических наук, профессор кафедры микробиологии и иммунологии, ФГАОУ ВО «Пермский государственный национальный исследовательский университет»; ведущий научный сотрудник, ФГБУН «Институт экологии и генетики микроорганизмов Уральского отделения Российской академии наук» – филиал ФГБУН «Пермский федеральный исследовательский центр» УрО РАН</p><p>614068, Пермь, Букирева, 15,</p><p>614081, Пермь, Голева 13</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maria S. Kuyukina – Dr. Sc. (Biol.), professor at the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Perm State University (PSU); leading researcher, Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences – branch of the Perm Federal Research Center, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences</p><p>Bukirev St., 15, Perm 614068, </p><p>Golev St., 13, Perm 614081</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kuyukina@iegm.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2558-4789</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ившина</surname><given-names>И. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivshina</surname><given-names>I. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ившина Ирина Борисовна – доктор биологических наук, профессор, академик РАН, профессор кафедры микробиологии и иммунологии, ФГАОУ ВО «Пермский государственный национальный исследовательский университет»; заведующая лабораторией, ФГБУН «Институт экологии и генетики микроорганизмов Уральского отделения Российской академии наук» – филиал ФГБУН «Пермский федеральный исследовательский центр» УрО РАН</p><p>614068, Пермь, Букирева, 15,</p><p>614081, Пермь, Голева 13</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina B. Ivshina – Dr. Sc. (Biol.), professor, member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, professor at the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Perm State University (PSU); head of the Laboratory, Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences – branch of the Perm Federal Research Center, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences</p><p>Bukirev St., 15, Perm 614068, </p><p>Golev St., 13, Perm 614081</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Ivshina@iegm.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Пермский государственный национальный исследовательский университет»;&#13;
ФГБУН «Институт экологии и генетики микроорганизмов Уральского отделения Российской академии наук» – филиал ФГБУН «Пермский федеральный исследовательский центр» УрО РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Perm State University;&#13;
Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences – branch of the Perm Federal Research Center, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>10</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>108</fpage><lpage>116</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Баяндина Е.А., Куюкина М.С., Ившина И.Б., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Баяндина Е.А., Куюкина М.С., Ившина И.Б.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bayandina E.A., Kuyukina M.S., Ivshina I.B.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.actabiomedica.ru/jour/article/view/6326">https://www.actabiomedica.ru/jour/article/view/6326</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Обоснование</title><p>Обоснование. Этоксилированный нонилфенол (ЭНФ) — поверхностно-активное вещество с высокой токсичностью и эндокринно-разрушающим действием, сохраняющимся после частичной биодеградации. В нанобиоремедиации сублетальные концентрации наночастиц могут индуцировать горметический эффект, стимулируя образование биопленок и усиливая катаболический потенциал микроорганизмов. В частности, наночастицы оксида меди (НЧ CuO) в сублетальных концентрациях модифицируют поверхностные свойства клеток и стимулируют формирование биопленок, усиливая биокаталитический потенциал бактерий рода Rhodococcus в биоремедиации. Однако механизмы адаптации биопленок родококков к органическим ксенобиотикам и нанометаллам недостаточно изучены.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования. Оценить влияние комбинированного воздействия ЭНФ и сублетальных концентраций НЧ CuO на морфологию, свойства и формирование биопленок Rhodococcus ruber.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Использовали штаммы R. ruber ИЭГМ 1263 и ИЭГМ 71 из Региональной профилированной коллекции алканотрофных микроорганизмов. Определяли минимальную ингибирующую концентрацию (МИК) при воздействии ЭНФ (0,16–100 г/л) и НЧ CuO (0,0007–0,5 г/л). Биопленки выращивали на полипропиленовых дисках, ζ-потенциал клеток измеряли методом динамического светорассеяния, жизнеспособность и морфологию клеточной поверхности изучали с помощью совмещенной конфокальной лазерной и атомно-силовой микроскопии (КЛСМ-АСМ).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Комбинированное воздействие ЭНФ и НЧ CuO приводило к снижению жизнеспособности родококков на 20–80 %, при этом суммарный токсический эффект определялся воздействием нанооксида меди. Биопленки штамма R. ruber ИЭГМ 1263, выращенные в присутствии сублетальных (1–10 г/л ЭНФ и 0,001 г/л НЧ CuO) концентраций экотоксикантов, характеризовались пониженной (в 2,6 раз) адсорбцией на носителе, коагрегацией клеток, более отрицательным (–34,2 мВ) значением ζ потенциала и увеличением (до 4,8 нм) шероховатости клеточной поверхности по сравнению с контролем.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Выявлены морфофизиологические адаптации клеток Rhodococcus ruber, способствующие формированию биопленок и повышению устойчивости бактерий к комплексному химическому стрессу. Полученные данные подтверждают перспективность использования биопленок родококков для биоремедиации экосистем, загрязненных органическими ксенобиотиками и нанометаллами.</p></sec><sec><title> </title><p> </p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. Ethoxylated nonylphenol (ENP) is a surfactant characterized by high toxicity and endocrine-disrupting activity that persists after partial biodegradation. In nanobioremediation, sublethal concentrations of nanoparticles can induce a hormetic effect, stimulating biofilm formation and enhancing the catabolic potential of microorganisms. Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) at sublethal concentrations modify cell surface properties and stimulate biofilm formation, thereby enhancing the biocatalytic potential of bacteria of the genus Rhodococcus in bioremediation processes. However, the mechanisms of Rhodococcus biofilm adaptation to organic xenobiotics and nanometals remain poorly understood.</p></sec><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. To evaluate the effect of combined exposure to ENP and sublethal concentrations of CuO NPs on the morphology, surface properties, and biofilm formation of Rhodococcus ruber.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. Strains R. ruber IEGM 1263 and IEGM 71 from the Regional Specialized Collection of Alkanotrophic Microorganisms were used. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined under exposure to ENP (0.16–100 g/L) and CuO NPs (0.0007–0.5 g/L). Biofilms were cultivated on polypropylene discs. The ζ-potential of cells was measured by dynamic light scattering, while cell viability and surface morphology were analyzed using combined confocal laser scanning and atomic force microscopy (CLSM-AFM).</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Combined exposure to ENP and CuO NPs reduced rhodococcal viability by 20–80 %, whereas the overall toxic effect was mainly determined by copper oxide nanoparticles. Biofilms of the resistant strain R. ruber IEGM 1263 grown in the presence of sublethal concentrations of ecotoxicants (1–10 g/L ENP and 0.001 g/L CuO NPs) were characterized by decreased adhesion to the carrier (2.6-fold), cell coaggregation, a more negative ζ-potential (−34.2 mV), and increased cell surface roughness (up to 4.8 nm) compared with the control.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Morphophysiological adaptations of Rhodococcus ruber cells promoting biofilm formation and increasing bacterial resistance to complex chemical stress were identified. The obtained data confirm the potential of using Rhodococcus biofilms for bioremediation of ecosystems contaminated with organic xenobiotics and nanometals.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>биопленки</kwd><kwd>Rhodococcus</kwd><kwd>наночастицы оксида меди</kwd><kwd>этоксилированный нонилфенол</kwd><kwd>биоремедиация</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>biofilms</kwd><kwd>Rhodococcus</kwd><kwd>copper oxide nanoparticles</kwd><kwd>ethoxylated nonylphenol</kwd><kwd>bioremediation</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследования выполнены в рамках государственного задания Министерства науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации FSNF-2025-0013</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhang J, Yang M, Zhang Y, Chen M. 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