<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">actabiomedica</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Acta Biomedica Scientifica</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Acta Biomedica Scientifica</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2541-9420</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-9596</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific Centre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29413/ABS.2026-11.4.6</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">actabiomedica-6320</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АКУШЕРСТВО И ГИНЕКОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Прогнозирование кесарева сечения после индукции родов с использованием машинного обучения (Random Forest)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Prediction of cesarean delivery after induction of labor using machine learning (Random Forest)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9263-9068</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Булатова</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bulatova</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Булатова Инга Акоповна – аспирант, стажер-исследователь отдела гинекологии и репродуктивной медицины </p><p>119991, г. Москва, Ломоносовский пр-кт, д. 27, к. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Inga А. Bulatova – postgraduate student, junior researcher of the Department of Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine</p><p>27 Lomonosovsky ave, unit 1, Moscow 119991</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">inga5797@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8594-5129</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Саланова</surname><given-names>М. Ш.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Salanova</surname><given-names>M. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Саланова Мадина Шералиевна – студент факультета фундаментальной медицины </p><p>119991, г. Москва, Ломоносовский пр-кт, д. 27, к. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Madina S. Salanova – student of the Faculty of medicine</p><p>27 Lomonosovsky ave, unit 1, Moscow 119991</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">madina.salanova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9447-110X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пониманская</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ponimanskaya</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пониманская Мария Александровна – кандидат медицинских наук, заместитель главного врача по акушерско-гинекологической помощи </p><p>123423, г. Москва, ул. Саляма Адиля, д. 2/44</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maria A. Ponimanskaya – Cand. Sc. (Med.), deputy chief physician for obstetric and gynecological care</p><p>Salyam Adil Str., 2/44, Moscow 123423</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ponimanskayama@zdrav.mos.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6758-2605</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Десятник</surname><given-names>К. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Desyatnik</surname><given-names>K. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Десятник Кирилл Александрович – заведующий отделением патологии беременных </p><p>123423, г. Москва, ул. Саляма Адиля, д. 2/44</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kirill A. Desyatnik – Head of the Department of pregnancy pathology</p><p>Salyam Adil Str., 2/44, Moscow 123423</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kirilldes1994@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1397-6208</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Панина</surname><given-names>О. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Panina</surname><given-names>O. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Панина Ольга Борисовна – доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий отделом гинекологии и репродуктивной медицины, заведующий кафедрой акушерства и гинекологии</p><p>119991, г. Москва, Ломоносовский пр-кт, д. 27, к. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga B. Panina –Dr. Sc. (Med.), professor, head of the Department of Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, head of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology</p><p>27 Lomonosovsky ave, unit 1, Moscow 119991</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">olgapanina@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Медицинский научно-образовательный институт, ФГБОУ ВО «Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Lomonosov Moscow State University, Medical Research and Educational Institute</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Городская клиническая больница № 67 им. Л.А. Ворохобова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Vorokhobov City Сlinical Hospital No 67</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>10</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>49</fpage><lpage>61</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Булатова И.А., Саланова М.Ш., Пониманская М.А., Десятник К.А., Панина О.Б., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Булатова И.А., Саланова М.Ш., Пониманская М.А., Десятник К.А., Панина О.Б.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bulatova I.A., Salanova M.S., Ponimanskaya M.A., Desyatnik K.A., Panina O.B.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.actabiomedica.ru/jour/article/view/6320">https://www.actabiomedica.ru/jour/article/view/6320</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Обоснование</title><p>Обоснование. Индукция родов (ИР) — широко распространённое акушерское вмешательство, однако частота кесарева сечения (КС) после ИР может превышать 50 % в отдельных группах. Существующие прогностические модели преимущественно используют антенатальные факторы, не учитывают нелинейные взаимосвязи и не всегда обладают достаточной дискриминационной способностью.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Разработка, валидация и интерпретация прогностической модели для определения исхода ИР при доношенной беременности с применением методов машинного обучения.</p></sec><sec><title>Методы</title><p>Методы. Ретроспективное когортное исследование на основе госпитального регистра (июнь 2024 – июнь 2025) включило 1670 одноплодных беременных со сроком гестации ≥ 37 недель, которым проводилась ИР (амниотомия, окситоцин). Исходы ИР: успешная ИР (вагинальные роды) и неуспешная ИР (КС). Для предварительного отбора признаков производилось вычисление важности признаков (feature importance) с помощью логистической регрессии, логистической регрессии с L1-регуляризацией (Lasso) и модели случайного леса (Random Forest) для устранения неинформативных переменных. Финальная прогностическая модель была построена с использованием алгоритма случайного леса. Для интерпретации влияния отобранных признаков на предсказания модели применялся SHAP-анализ.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Частота КС составила 21,1 % (n = 352). В финальную модель вошли 7 признаков (по убыванию важности): продолжительность интервала от начала ИР до развития регулярной родовой деятельности, паритет, предполагаемая масса плода по ультразвуковому исследованию, необходимость преиндукции родов, возраст матери, индекс массы тела матери, срок гестации. AUC-ROC модели на тестовой выборке составила 0,904 (95% ДИ 0,846– 0,951), чувствительность – 75 %, специфичность – 92 %, Net Benefit – 0,184. SHAP-анализ позволил интерпретировать индивидуальные прогнозы.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Разработанная модель на основе случайного леса с включением интранатального предиктора (интервал до регулярных схваток) демонстрирует высокую прогностическую эффективность, возможность к внешней валидации и клиническую полезность, что может способствовать своевременному принятию обоснованных решений о тактике ведения родов.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. Induction of labor (IOL) is a widely used obstetric intervention. However, the rate of cesarean section (CS) following IOL may exceed 50% in certain subgroups. Existing predictive models predominantly rely on antenatal factors, fail to account for nonlinear relationships, and do not always demonstrate sufficient discriminative ability.</p></sec><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. Development, validation, and interpretation of a predictive model for predicting the outcome of IOL in term pregnancy using machine learning methods.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. This retrospective cohort study, based on a hospital registry (June 2024 – June 2025), included 1,670 women with singleton pregnancies with gestational age of ≥37 weeks who underwent IOL (amniotomy, oxytocin). Outcomes were defined as successful IOL (vaginal delivery) and unsuccessful IOL (CS). For preliminary feature selection, feature importance was calculated using logistic regression, logistic regression with L1 regularization (Lasso), and random forest to eliminate non-informative variables. The final predictive model was built using the random forest algorithm. SHAP analysis was used to interpret the influence of the selected features on the model predictions.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The CS rate was 21.1% (n=352). Seven features were included in the final model (in descending order of importance): the time interval from IOL initiation to the onset of regular uterine contractions, parity, estimated fetal weight by ultrasound, need for pre-induction of labor, maternal age, maternal body mass index, and gestational age. The model achieved an AUC-ROC of 0.904 (95% CI 0.846–0.951) on the test set, with a sensitivity of 75%, specificity of 92%, and net benefit of 0.184. SHAP analysis enabled interpretation of individual predictions.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The developed random forest-based model, which incorporates an intrapartum predictor (time interval to regular contractions), demonstrates high predictive performance, potential for external validation, and clinical utility, thereby supporting timely and informed decision-making regarding labor management.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>индукция родов</kwd><kwd>кесарево сечение</kwd><kwd>факторы риска</kwd><kwd>прогностические модели</kwd><kwd>машинное обучение</kwd><kwd>случайный лес</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Induction of labor</kwd><kwd>cesarean section</kwd><kwd>risk factors</kwd><kwd>predictive models</kwd><kwd>machine learning</kwd><kwd>random forest</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rossi RM, Requarth E, Warshak CR, Dufendrach KR, Hall ES, DeFranco EA. Risk Calculator to Predict Cesarean Delivery Among Women Undergoing Induction of Labor. Obstet Gynecol. 2020; 135(3): 559–568. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000003696</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rossi RM, Requarth E, Warshak CR, Dufendrach KR, Hall ES, DeFranco EA. Risk Calculator to Predict Cesarean Delivery Among Women Undergoing Induction of Labor. Obstet Gynecol. 2020; 135(3): 559–568. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000003696</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ferreira I, Simões J, Correia J, Areia AL. Predicting vaginal delivery after labor induction using machine learning: Development of a multivariable prediction model. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2025; 104(1): 164–173. doi: 10.1111/aogs.14953</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ferreira I, Simões J, Correia J, Areia AL. Predicting vaginal delivery after labor induction using machine learning: Development of a multivariable prediction model. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2025; 104(1): 164–173. doi: 10.1111/aogs.14953</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Султанмуратова Д.Д., Исенова С.Ш., Казыбаева А.С., Нурбаева Т.Ю., Наханова Ж.К. Модель прогнозирования кесарева сечения при индукции родов в доношенном сроке беременности. Вопросы гинекологии, акушерства и перинатологии. 2024; 23(1): 117– 122. doi: 10.20953/1726-1678-2024-1-117-122</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sultanmuratova DD, Issenova SSh, Kazybayeva AS, Nurbayeva  TYu, Nakhanova  ZhK. Predictive model for cesarean section following labor induction at fullterm pregnancy. Gynecology, Obstetrics and Perinatology. 2024; 23(1): 117–122. (In Russ.). doi: 10.20953/1726-1678-2024-1-117-122</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Грищенко О.В., Мамедова С.Ш. Прогнозирование слабости родовой деятельности, ставшей причиной кесарева сечения. Репродуктивная медицина. 2020; 2(43): 56–59. doi: 10.37800/RM2020-1-14</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Grishchenko OV, Mamedova S. Prognostication labor dystocia and cesarean section. Reproductive medicine. 2020; 2(43): 56–59. (In Russ.). doi: 10.37800/RM2020-1-14</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гурьев Д.Л. и др. Оценка эффективности индукции родов в стационаре. РМЖ. Мать и дитя. 2020; 3(1): 10–16. doi: 10.32364/2618-8430-2020-3-1-9-15</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Guryev DL, et al. The assessment of labor induction efficacy in inpatient department. Russian Journal of Woman and Child Health. 2020; 3(1): 10–16. (In Russ.). doi: 10.32364/2618-8430-2020-3-1-9-15</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Guedalia J, Lipschuetz M, Novoselsky-Persky M, Cohen SM, Rottenstreich A, Levin G, et al. Real-time data analysis using a machine learning model significantly improves prediction of successful vaginal deliveries. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2020; 223(3): 437.e1-437.e15. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2020.05.025</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Guedalia J, Lipschuetz M, Novoselsky-Persky M, Cohen SM, Rottenstreich A, Levin G, et al. Real-time data analysis using a machine learning model significantly improves prediction of successful vaginal deliveries. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2020; 223(3): 437.e1-437.e15. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2020.05.025</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Levine LD, Downes KL, Parry S, Elovitz MA, Sammel MD, Srinivas SK. A validated calculator to estimate risk of cesarean after an induction of labor with an unfavorable cervix. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2018; 218(2): 254.e1–254.e7. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2017.11.603</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Levine LD, Downes KL, Parry S, Elovitz MA, Sammel MD, Srinivas SK. A validated calculator to estimate risk of cesarean after an induction of labor with an unfavorable cervix. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2018; 218(2): 254.e1–254.e7. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2017.11.603</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hu T, Du S, Li X, et al. Establishment of a model for predicting the outcome of induced labor in full-term pregnancy based on machine learning algorithm. Sci Rep. 2022; 12(1): 19063. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-21954-2</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hu T, Du S, Li X, et al. Establishment of a model for predicting the outcome of induced labor in full-term pregnancy based on machine learning algorithm. Sci Rep. 2022; 12(1): 19063. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-21954-2</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kamlungkuea T, Manonai J, Suriyawongpaisal P, Hansahiranwadee W. Factors Predicting Successful Vaginal Delivery Following Induction of Labor in Term Pregnancy. Int J Womens Health. 2022; 14: 245–255. doi: 10.2147/IJWH.S347878</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kamlungkuea T, Manonai J, Suriyawongpaisal P, Hansahiranwadee W. Factors Predicting Successful Vaginal Delivery Following Induction of Labor in Term Pregnancy. Int J Womens Health. 2022; 14: 245–255. doi: 10.2147/IJWH.S347878</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Huang K, Liu Z, Luo J, Li X, Yan J. Random Forest Model for Labor Induction in Pregnant Women With Hypertensive Disorders Using a Cervical Double Balloon. Altern Ther Health Med. 2023; 29(1): 44–51.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Huang K, Liu Z, Luo J, Li X, Yan J. Random Forest Model for Labor Induction in Pregnant Women With Hypertensive Disorders Using a Cervical Double Balloon. Altern Ther Health Med. 2023; 29(1): 44–51.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hamm RF, Srinivas SK, Levine LD, et al. Maternal morbidity and birth satisfaction after implementation of a validated calculator to predict cesarean delivery during labor induction. JAMA Network Open. 2020; 3(11): e2025582. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.25582</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hamm RF, Srinivas SK, Levine LD, et al. Maternal morbidity and birth satisfaction after implementation of a validated calculator to predict cesarean delivery during labor induction. JAMA Network Open. 2020; 3(11): e2025582. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.25582</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">D’Souza R, Doyle O, Miller H, Pillai N, Angehrn Z, Li P, et al. Prediction of successful labor induction in persons with a low Bishop score using machine learning: Secondary analysis of two randomized controlled trials. Birth. 2023; 50(1): 234–243. doi: 10.1111/birt.12691</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">D’Souza R, Doyle O, Miller H, Pillai N, Angehrn Z, Li P, et al. Prediction of successful labor induction in persons with a low Bishop score using machine learning: Secondary analysis of two randomized controlled trials. Birth. 2023; 50(1): 234–243. doi: 10.1111/birt.12691</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Васильев С.А. и др. Метод прогнозирования исхода индуцированных родов с учетом комплексной оценки шейки матки. Репродуктивное здоровье. Восточная Европа. 2021; 11(4): 397–409. doi: 10.34883/PI.2021.11.4.002</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vasiliev S. Method for Prediction of the Outcome of Induction of Labor, Taking into Account the Comprehensive Assessment of the Cervic of the Uterin. Reproductive health. Eastern Europe. 2021; 11(4): 397–409 (In Russ.). doi: 10.34883/PI.2021.11.4.002</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bushman ET, Thompson N, Gray M, Steele R, Jenkins SM, Tita AT, et al. Influence of Estimated Fetal Weight on Labor Management. Am J Perinatol. 2020; 37(3): 252– 257. doi: 10.1055/s-0039-1695011</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bushman ET, Thompson N, Gray M, Steele R, Jenkins SM, Tita AT, et al. Influence of Estimated Fetal Weight on Labor Management. Am J Perinatol. 2020; 37(3): 252– 257. doi: 10.1055/s-0039-1695011</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мудров В.А. Возможности прогнозирования аномалий родовой деятельности. Журнал акушерства и женских болезней. 2020; 69(5): 13–26. doi: 10.17816/JOWD69513-26</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mudrov VA. Possibilities for predicting abnormal labor at the present stage. Journal of Obstetrics and Women’s Diseases. 2020; 69(5): 13–26. (In Russ.). doi: 10.17816/JOWD69513-26</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Баранова М.В. и др. Перспективы проведения индукции родов окситоцином в течение 12 часов (опыт перинатального центра). Пермский медицинский журнал. 2024; 41(1): 114–119. doi: 10.17816/pmj411114119</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baranova MV, et al. Prospects for induction of labor with oxytocin within 12 hours (perinatal center experience). Perm Medical Journal. 2024; 41(1): 114–119. (In Russ.). doi: 10.17816/pmj411114119</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ma Z, Liu Y, Chai L, Jin G, Sun Y, Zhou S, et al. Metabolic changes in bile acids with pregnancy progression and their correlation with perinatal complications in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnant patients. Sci Rep. 2023; 13(1): 1608. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-22974-8</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ma Z, Liu Y, Chai L, Jin G, Sun Y, Zhou S, et al. Metabolic changes in bile acids with pregnancy progression and their correlation with perinatal complications in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnant patients. Sci Rep. 2023; 13(1): 1608. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-22974-8</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bregand-White JM, Kominiarek MA, Hibbard JU. Hypertension and patterns of induced labor at term. Pregnancy Hypertens. 2017; 10: 57–63. doi: 10.1016/j.preghy.2017.06.003</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bregand-White JM, Kominiarek MA, Hibbard JU. Hypertension and patterns of induced labor at term. Pregnancy Hypertens. 2017; 10: 57–63. doi: 10.1016/j.preghy.2017.06.003</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
