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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">actabiomedica</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Acta Biomedica Scientifica</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Acta Biomedica Scientifica</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2541-9420</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-9596</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific Centre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29413/ABS.2026-11.4.3</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">actabiomedica-6316</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ДИСКУССИОННЫЕ СТАТЬИ, ЛЕКЦИИ, НОВЫЕ ТРЕНДЫ МЕДИЦИНСКОЙ НАУКИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>DISCUSSION PAPERS, LECTURES, NEW TRENDS IN MEDICAL SCIENCE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>NK-клетки с коэкспрессией KIR и NKG2C как основа для создания HER2-направленных CAR-NK-эффекторов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>NK cells coexpressing KIR and NKG2C as a basis for HER2-targeted CAR-NK effectors</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6221-5478</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алексеева</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Alekseeva</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алексеева Надежда Алексеевна – аспирант, младший научный сотрудник отдела иммунологии, лаборатории клеточных взаимодействий </p><p>117437, г. Москва, вн.тер.г. муниципальный округ Коньково, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, д. 16/10, к. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nadezhda A. Alekseeva – postgraduate student, junior researcher of the Department of Immunology, Laboratory of Cellular Interactions</p><p>Inner-city municipal district of Konkovo, Miklukho-Maklay st., 16/10, bldg. 1, Moscow 117437</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nadalex@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5403-0753</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Стрельцова</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Streltsova</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Стрельцова Мария Алексеевна – кандидат биологических наук, научный сотрудник отдела иммунологии, лаборатории клеточных взаимодействий</p><p>117437, г. Москва, вн.тер.г. муниципальный округ Коньково, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, д. 16/10, к. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maria A. Streltsova – Cand. Sc. (Biol.), researcherof the Department of Immunology, Laboratory of Cellular Interactions</p><p>Inner-city municipal district of Konkovo, Miklukho-Maklay st., 16/10, bldg. 1, Moscow 117437</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tardes999@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8119-8247</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коваленко</surname><given-names>Е. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kovalenko</surname><given-names>E. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Коваленко Елена Ивановна – кандидат биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник отдела иммунологии, лаборатории клеточных взаимодействий </p><p>117437, г. Москва, вн.тер.г. муниципальный округ Коньково, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, д. 16/10, к. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena I. Kovalenko – Cand. Sc. (Biol.), senior researcher of the Department of Immunology, Laboratory of Cellular Interactions</p><p>Inner-city municipal district of Konkovo, Miklukho-Maklay st., 16/10, bldg. 1, Moscow 117437</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lenkovalen@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУН ГНЦ Институт биоорганической химии им. академиков М.М. Шемякина и Ю.А. Овчинникова РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Science</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>10</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>21</fpage><lpage>28</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Алексеева Н.А., Стрельцова М.А., Коваленко Е.И., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Алексеева Н.А., Стрельцова М.А., Коваленко Е.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Alekseeva N.A., Streltsova M.A., Kovalenko E.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.actabiomedica.ru/jour/article/view/6316">https://www.actabiomedica.ru/jour/article/view/6316</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Обоснование</title><p>Обоснование. Для создания HER2-направленных CAR-NK-клеточных эффекторов важен выбор субпопуляции NK-клеток с высоким цитотоксическим потенциалом и чувствительностью к генетической модификации. Особый интерес в контексте терапии солидных опухолей представляют лицензированные KIR+ NK-клетки, экспрессирующие активирующий рецептор NKG2C.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования. Получение HER2-CAR-NK-клеток на основе субпопуляций NK-клеток с различной экспрессией рецепторов KIR и NKG2C для элиминации HER2+ солидных опухолей.</p></sec><sec><title>Методы</title><p>Методы. NK-клетки HCMV-серопозитивного донора выделяли методом негативной магнитной сепарации из выделенных в градиенте плотности мононуклеаров периферической крови. Субпопуляции NK-клеток с различной экспрессией KIR и NKG2C получали методом клеточной сортировки и культивировали при стимуляции IL-2 и фидерными клетками. NK-клетки модифицировали геном, несущим конструкцию HER2-CAR, посредством ретровирусной трансдукции. Цитотоксическую активность полученных культур против сфероидов SKOV-3 детектировали по уровню дегранулирующих CD107a+ NK-клеток и по доле нежизнеспособных SytoxBlue+ опухолевых клеток в сфероиде.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Получены HER2-CAR-NK-эффекторы на основе субпопуляций с различной экспрессией KIR и NKG2C. Показано, что NKG2C-экспрессирующие NK-клетки вне зависимости от экспрессии KIR обладают большей чувствительностью к ретровирусной трансдукции. При коинкубации полученных культур субпопуляций NK-клеток с HER2+ сфероидами опухолевых клеток SKOV-3 во фракции трансдуцированных клеток, несущих рецептор HER2-CAR, наблюдалась доля дегранулировавших клеток CD107a+, более чем в 4 раза превышающая уровень дегрануляции во фракции немодифицированных NK-клеток. Также в сфероидах SKOV-3 после коинкубации с KIR+NKG2C+трансдуцированными NK-эффекторами наблюдалась меньшая доля жизнеспособных клеток по сравнению со сфероидами, которые инкубировались с культурами KIR+NKG2C–.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. NKG2C+ NK-клетки обладали большей чувствительностью к трансдукции. Культуры KIR+NKG2C+ HER2-CAR-NK-клеток с большей эффективностью элиминировали HER2+ клетки-мишени в 3D-модели. Эти свойства делают NK-клетки, коэкспрессирующие KIR и NKG2C, перспективной основой для создания CAR-NK-эффекторов.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. For the development of HER2-targeted CAR NK cell effectors, it is important to select an NK cells subset with high cytotoxic potential and sensitivity to genetic modification. In the context of solid tumor therapy, licensed KIR+ NK cells expressing the activating receptor NKG2C are of particular interest.</p></sec><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. To obtain HER2-CAR-NK cells based on NK cell subsets with different expression of KIR and NKG2C receptors for the elimination of HER2+ solid tumors.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. NK cells from an HCMV-seropositive donor were isolated by negative magnetic separation from peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated by density gradient centrifugation. NK cell subsets with different expression of KIR and NKG2C were obtained by cell sorting and cultured with stimulation by IL-2 and feeder cells. NK cells were modified with a gene carrying the HER2-CAR construct via retroviral transduction. The cytotoxic activity of the cultures against SKOV-3 spheroids was detected by the level of degranulating CD107a+ NK cells and the proportion of nonviable SytoxBlue+ tumor cells in the spheroid.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. HER2-CAR-NK effectors were obtained based on subsets with different KIR and NKG2C expression. It was shown that NKG2C-expressing NK cells, regardless of KIR expression, have greater sensitivity to retroviral transduction. Upon co-incubation of the obtained cultures of NK cell subsets with HER2+ SKOV-3 tumor cell spheroids, in the fraction of transduced cells bearing the HER2-CAR receptor, the proportion of degranulated CD107a+ cells was more than 4-fold higher than the level of degranulation in the fraction of unmodified NK cells. Also, in SKOV-3 spheroids after co-incubation with KIR+ NKG2C+ transduced NK effectors, a lower proportion of viable cells was observed compared to spheroids that were incubated with KIR+ NKG2C– cultures.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. NKG2C+ NK cells exhibited greater sensitivity to transduction. Cultures of KIR+NKG2C+ HER2-CAR-NK cells eliminated HER2+ target cells more efficiently in a 3D model. These properties make NK cells coexpressing KIR and NKG2C a promising basis for the CAR-NK effectors development.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>NK-клетки</kwd><kwd>NKG2C</kwd><kwd>HER2</kwd><kwd>ингибирующий рецептор KIR</kwd><kwd>химерный антигенный рецептор</kwd><kwd>адоптивная иммунотерапия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>NK cells</kwd><kwd>NKG2C Receptor</kwd><kwd>HER2</kwd><kwd>Killer Cell Immunoglobulin-Like Receptor</kwd><kwd>Chimeric Antigen Receptors</kwd><kwd>adoptive immunotherapy</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке Российского научного фонда (грант № 24-75-10136)</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Montero A, Ciérvide R, García-Aranda M, Rubio C. 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