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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">actabiomedica</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Acta Biomedica Scientifica</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Acta Biomedica Scientifica</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2541-9420</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-9596</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific Centre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29413/ABS.2026-11.3.23</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">actabiomedica-6192</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCHES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Сравнительный анализ особенностей взаимодействия макрофагов с антигенами туберкулезных и нетуберкулезных микобактерий in vitro</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Comparative analysis of macrophage interactions with antigens of tuberculous and non-tuberculous mycobacteria in vitro</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7155-5730</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зайцева</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zaiceva</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Зайцева Анна Сергеевна – кандидат медицинских наук, старший научный сотрудник/заведующий отдела дифференциальной диагностики туберкулеза легких и экстракорпоральных методов лечения.</p><p>107564, Москва, Яузская аллея, 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna S. Zaiceva – Cand. Sc. (Med.), Senior Scientist, head of the Department of Differential Diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis and Extracorporeal Treatment Techniques.</p><p>2, Yauza al., Moscow 107564</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">anyasyls@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8367-1334</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чебанюк</surname><given-names>Е. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chebanyuk</surname><given-names>E. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Чебанюк Евгения Ивановна – лаборант-исследователь лаборатории биотехнологии, отдела иммунологии.</p><p>107564, Москва, Яузская аллея, 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgenia I. Chebanyuk – research assistant, laboratory for biotechnology, Immunology Department.</p><p>2, Yauza al., Moscow 107564</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">e.chebanyuk@ctri.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1991-9549</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Авдиенко</surname><given-names>В. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Avdienko</surname><given-names>V. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Авдиенко Вадим Григорьевич – кандидат медицинских наук, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории биотехнологии, отдела иммунологии.</p><p>107564, Москва, Яузская аллея, 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vadim G. Avdienko – Cand. Sc. (Med.), Senior Scientist, Laboratory for biotechnology, immunology department.</p><p>2, Yauza al., Moscow 107564</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">v.avdienko@ctri.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6608-7557</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Еремеев</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yeremeev</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Еремеев Владимир Витальевич – доктор медицинских наук, главный научный сотрудник/заведующий отдела иммунологии.</p><p>107564, Москва, Яузская аллея, 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir V. Yeremeev – Dr. Sc. (Med.), Chief Scientist, head of Immunology Department.</p><p>2, Yauza al., Moscow 107564</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yeremeev56@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6854-7932</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шепелькова</surname><given-names>Г. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shepelkova</surname><given-names>G. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шепелькова Галина Сергеевна – доктор биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник/заведующий лаборатории биотехнологии, отдела иммунологии.</p><p>107564, Москва, Яузская аллея, 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Galina S. Shepelkova – Dr. Sc. (Biol.), Lead Scientist, head of the laboratory for biotechnology, immunology department.</p><p>2, Yauza al., Moscow 107564</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shepelkovag@yahoo.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Центральный научно-исследовательский институт туберкулеза» (ФГБНУ «ЦНИИТ»)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Central Tuberculosis Research Institute (CTRI)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>02</day><month>08</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>192</fpage><lpage>200</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Зайцева А.С., Чебанюк Е.И., Авдиенко В.Г., Еремеев В.В., Шепелькова Г.С., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Зайцева А.С., Чебанюк Е.И., Авдиенко В.Г., Еремеев В.В., Шепелькова Г.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zaiceva A.S., Chebanyuk E.I., Avdienko V.G., Yeremeev V.V., Shepelkova G.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.actabiomedica.ru/jour/article/view/6192">https://www.actabiomedica.ru/jour/article/view/6192</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Обоснование</title><p>Обоснование. В настоящее время активно продолжаются исследования, связанные с изучением взаимодействия микобактерий и инфицированных ими макрофагов человека и животных. В ответ на инфекцию макрофаги производят специфические молекулы, известные как цитокины, среди которых выделяются IFNγ, TNF, IL-1, IL-6, IL-12p40 и IL-12p70. Эти вещества играют ключевую роль в патогенезе туберкулёза и других заболеваний, вызванных микобактериями. В этой связи, целью нашей работы было сравнительное исследование паттернов цитокинов, вырабатываемых макрофагами человека в результате взаимодействия с антигенами патогенных и слабопатогенных микобактерий in vitro.</p></sec><sec><title>Методы</title><p>Методы. Из моноцитов крови здоровых добровольцев получали культуру макрофагов. Макрофаги культивировали с микобактериальными антигенами Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium avium и Mycobacterium kansasii. Через 24 часа проводили исследование изменения профиля экспрессии генов макрофагов (экспрессионный анализ) и продукции этими клетками прои противовоспалительных факторов. В качестве отрицательного контроля использовали культуру макрофагов, культивируемых без антигенов микобактерий.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Показано что, стимуляция макрофагов антигенами разных микобактерий приводит к формированию различных фенотипов клеток: протективного (M. tuberculosis) – с экспрессией генов IL6, IFNΓ и TNF; провоспалительного (M. kansasii) – с активной экспрессией генов IL6, IL1β и TNF и амбивалентного (M. avium) – с экспрессией генов IL6, IL12. Результаты исследования продукции цитокинов макрофагами человека в ответ на антигены различных микобактерий полностью подтвердили данные, полученные с помощью экспрессионного анализа.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Выявленные в работе особенности реакции макрофагов на антигены различных видов микобактерий позволяют более детально охарактеризовать механизмы персистенции туберкулёзных и нетуберкулёзных микобактерий в макрофагах.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. Ongoing research is investigating the interaction between mycobacteria and macrophages. Upon infection with mycobacteria, macrophages release cytokines. These include IFNy, TNF, IL-1, IL-6, and IL-12p40, among others. These substances play a critical role in the host response to tuberculosis and other mycobacterial infections. Aim. To investigate and compare the cytokine patterns produced by human macrophages in response to interaction with antigens from both pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic mycobacterial strains in vitro.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods. Blood monocytes were cultured for five days in the presence of 10 % active human serum. The resulting macrophages were then cultured with mycobacterial antigens from Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium avium, and Mycobacterium kansasii for 24 hours. Changes in macrophage gene expression profiles and the production of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines were then assessed. A control group of “naive” macrophages cultured without any mycobacterial antigen was also used.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Stimulation of human macrophages with antigens from different mycobacterial species resulted in the formation of distinct cell phenotypes: protective (M. tuberculosis), characterized by the expression of IL6, IFNG, and TNF; pro-inflammatory (M. kansasii), with active expression of IL6, IL1B, and TNF; and pro-inflammatory (M. avium), expressing IL6 and IL12. The cytokine production findings were fully consistent with the gene expression data.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. These findings on macrophage-mycobacterial antigen interactions provide insight into the mechanisms by which both tuberculous and nontuberculous mycobacterial infections establish chronic macrophage infection.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>макрофаги</kwd><kwd>цитокины</kwd><kwd>хемокины</kwd><kwd>M. tuberculosis</kwd><kwd>M. avium</kwd><kwd>M. kansasii</kwd><kwd>исследование in vitro</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>macrophages</kwd><kwd>cytokines</kwd><kwd>chemokines</kwd><kwd>M. tuberculosis</kwd><kwd>M. avium</kwd><kwd>M. kansasii</kwd><kwd>in vitro research</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках темы НИР ГЗ FURE-2025-0018. 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