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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">actabiomedica</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Acta Biomedica Scientifica</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Acta Biomedica Scientifica</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2541-9420</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-9596</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific Centre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29413/ABS.2026-11.3.21</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">actabiomedica-6190</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCHES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Новый взгляд на алиментарный путь заражения туберкулезом с использованием кроличьей модели (экспериментальное исследование)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>A new look at the alimentary route of tuberculosis transmission using a rabbit model (experimental study)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4418-4601</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Решетников</surname><given-names>М. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Reshetnikov</surname><given-names>M. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Решетников Михаил Николаевич – кандидат медицинских наук, врач-хирург, ведущий научный сотрудник ГБУЗ «МНПЦ борьбы с туберкулезом Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы»; доцент кафедры фтизиатрии ФГБОУ ДПО «РМАНПО» Минздрава России.</p><p>107014, Москва, Стромынка, д.10; 125993, Москва, ул. Баррикадная, д.2/1, стр.1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mikhail N. Reshetnikov – Cand. Sc. (Med.), surgeon, leading researcher of the Moscow Research and Clinical Center for Tuberculosis Control of the Moscow Healthcare Department; associate professor of the Department of Phthisiology of the RMACPE.</p><p>Stromynka Str., 10, Moscow 107014; Barrikadnaya Str., 2/1-1, Moscow 125993</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">taxol@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6659-7888</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Плоткин</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Plotkin</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Плоткин Дмитрий Владимирович – доктор медицинских наук, доцент, врач-хирург, ведущий научный сотрудник ГБУЗ «МНПЦ борьбы с туберкулезом департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы»; профессор кафедры общей хирургии им. В.М. Буянова института хирургии ФГАОУ ВО «РНИМУ им. Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России.</p><p>107014, Москва, Стромынка, д.10; 117513, Москва, ул. Островитянова д. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitriy V. Plotkin – Dr. Sc, (Med.), associate professor, surgeon, leading researcher of the Moscow Research and Clinical Center for Tuberculosis Control of the Moscow Healthcare Department; professor of Buyanov General Surgery Department, Institute of Surgery, Pirogov RNRMU.</p><p>Stromynka Str., 10, Moscow 107014; Ostrovityanova Str., 1/6, Moscow 117513</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kn13@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5234-349X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Виноградова</surname><given-names>Т. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vinogradova</surname><given-names>T. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Виноградова Татьяна Ивановна – доктор медицинских наук, профессор, главный научный сотрудник, заведующая лабораторией экспериментального туберкулеза.</p><p>191036, Санкт-Петербург, Лиговский пр., д.2-4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatyana I. Vinogradova – Dr. Sc. (Med.), professor, chief research officer at the Saint-Petersburg State Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation; head of the Laboratory of Experimental Tuberculosis.</p><p>Ligovskiy Av., 2-4, Saint-Petersburg 191036</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vinogradova@spbniif.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9161-466X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Догонадзе</surname><given-names>М. З.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dogonadze</surname><given-names>M. Z.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Догонадзе Марине Зауриевна – кандидат биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник.</p><p>191036, Санкт-Петербург, Лиговский пр., д.2-4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Marine Z. Dogonadze – Cand. Sc. (Biol.), senior research.</p><p>Ligovskiy Av., 2-4, Saint-Petersburg 191036</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">marine-md@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5686-536X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванова</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanova</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Иванова Диана Александровна – доктор медицинских наук, ученый секретарь ГБУЗ «МНПЦ борьбы с туберкулезом Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы»; профессор кафедры фтизиатрии ФГБОУ ДПО «РМАНПО» Минздрава России.</p><p>107014, Москва, Стромынка, д.10; 125993, Москва, ул. Баррикадная, д.2/1, стр.1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Diana A. Ivanova – Dr. Sc. (Med.), scientific secretary of the Moscow Research and Clinical Center for Tuberculosis Control of the Moscow Healthcare Department; professor of the Department of Phthisiology of the Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education of the Ministry of Healthcare of the RF.</p><p>Stromynka Str., 10, Moscow 107014; Barrikadnaya Str., 2/1-1, Moscow 125993</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">d-ivanova@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4459-0244</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зубань</surname><given-names>О. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zuban</surname><given-names>O. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Зубань Олег Николаевич – доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заместитель директора по научно-клинической работе ГБУЗ «МНПЦ борьбы с туберкулезом Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы»; профессор кафедры фтизиатрии ФГБОУ ДПО «РМАНПО» Минздрава России.</p><p>107014, Москва, Стромынка, д.10; 125993, Москва, ул. Баррикадная, д.2/1, стр.1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Oleg N. Zuban – Dr. Sc. (Med.), professor, deputy director for Research and Clinical Activities of the Moscow RCC for Tuberculosis Control of the MHD; professor of the Department of Phthisiology of the Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation.</p><p>Stromynka Str., 10, Moscow 107014; Barrikadnaya Str., 2/1-1, Moscow 125993</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pan_zuban@msn.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4385-9643</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Яблонский</surname><given-names>П. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yablonsky</surname><given-names>P. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Яблонский Петр Казимирович – доктор медицинских наук, профессор, директор.</p><p>191036, Санкт-Петербург, Лиговский пр., д.2-4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Petr K. Yablonsky – Dr. Sc. (Med.), professor, director.</p><p>Ligovskiy Av., 2-4, Saint-Petersburg 191036</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">glhirurg2@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ «Московский городской научно-практический центр борьбы с туберкулезом Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы»; ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow Research and Clinical Center for Tuberculosis Control; Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ «Московский городской научно-практический центр борьбы с туберкулезом Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы»; ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава РФ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow Research and Clinical Center for Tuberculosis Control; Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Санкт-Петербургский научно-исследовательский институт фтизиопульмонологии» Минздрава РФ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint-Petersburg State Phthisiopulmonology Research Institute</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>02</day><month>08</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>171</fpage><lpage>181</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Решетников М.Н., Плоткин Д.В., Виноградова Т.И., Догонадзе М.З., Иванова Д.А., Зубань О.Н., Яблонский П.К., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Решетников М.Н., Плоткин Д.В., Виноградова Т.И., Догонадзе М.З., Иванова Д.А., Зубань О.Н., Яблонский П.К.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Reshetnikov M.N., Plotkin D.V., Vinogradova T.I., Dogonadze M.Z., Ivanova D.A., Zuban O.N., Yablonsky P.K.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.actabiomedica.ru/jour/article/view/6190">https://www.actabiomedica.ru/jour/article/view/6190</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Обоснование</title><p>Обоснование. Увеличение числа случаев генерализованной туберкулезной инфекции с поражением кишечника, особенно у ВИЧ-позитивных пациентов диктует необходимость дальнейшего изучения данной проблемы. Туберкулез передается воздушно-капельным путем, однако известны случаи туберкулеза кишечника, при которых инфицирование произошло алиментарным путем. Поскольку такие случаи крайне редки, вероятно, существуют особые иммунологические и эпидемиологические условия для проникновения Mycobacterium tuberculosis в стенку кишки и развития в ней первичного воспаления.</p><p>Целью настоящего исследования является изучение возможности алиментарного пути заражения туберкулезной инфекцией у иммунокомпетентных и иммунокомпрометированных особей на воспроизводимой кроличьей модели. Материалы и методы. В эксперименте были использованы кролики, распределенные на три группы. Животным перорально вводили суспензию культуры стандартного лабораторного штамма Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv. Первая группа включала иммунокомпетентных и иммуносупрессированных инфликсимабом кроликов, вторая – животных с повторным заражением на фоне иммунодефицита, третья – кроликов с комбинацией медикаментозной иммуносупрессии и химически индуцированного энтероколита. Для оценки результатов заражения использовали клиническое наблюдение, детекцию ДНК МБТ в кале, кожную пробу с АТР, патологоанатомическое, гистологическое и молекулярно-генетическое исследование органов.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. У животных 1-й и 2-й групп, несмотря на временное выделение ДНК МБТ с калом (60–70 %), признаки туберкулезного воспаления в органах отсутствовали. В 3-й группе макрои микроскопические признаки туберкулеза выявлены в легких у 83,3 % животных и в мезентериальных/внутригрудных лимфатических узлах у 58,3 %. При этом специфического гранулематозного поражения кишечника не обнаружено ни в одной из групп.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Развитие туберкулезного энтероколита у кроликов при пероральном заражении маловероятно. Алиментарный путь инфицирования может приводить к генерализованному туберкулезу только при сочетании двух ключевых предрасполагающих факторов: системной иммуносупрессии и предшествующего повреждения кишечного барьера.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. The increase in the number of cases of generalized tuberculosis infection with intestinal damage, especially in HIV-positive patients, underscores the need for further study of this problem. Tuberculosis is transmitted by airborne droplets; however, there are known cases of intestinal tuberculosis in which infection occurred through the alimentary route. Since such cases are extremely rare, there are likely specific immunological and epidemiological conditions that allow Mycobacterium tuberculosis to penetrate the intestinal wall and develop primary inflammation.</p></sec><sec><title>The aim</title><p>The aim. To study the possibility of an alimentary route of tuberculosis infection in immunocompetent and immunocompromised individuals using a reproducible rabbit model.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and Methods</title><p>Materials and Methods. The experiment involved rabbits, divided into three groups. Animals were orally administered a suspension of a standard laboratory isolate Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv. The first group included immunocompetent rabbits immunosuppressed with infliximab, the second group had animals reinfected against the background of immunodeficiency, and the third group included rabbits with a combination of drug-induced immunosuppression and chemically induced enterocolitis. To assess the results of infection, clinical observation, detection of MTB DNA in feces, skin test with ATR, pathoanatomical, histological and molecular genetic examination of organs were used.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Despite the temporary shedding of MTB DNA in feces (60–70 %), no signs of tuberculous inflammation in the organs were present in animals in groups 1 and 2. In group 3, macroand microscopic signs of tuberculosis were detected in the lungs of 83.3 % of the animals and in the mesenteric/intrathoracic lymph nodes of 58.3 %. At the same time, no specific granulomatous intestinal lesions were found in any of the groups.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The development of tuberculous enterocolitis in rabbits following oral infection is unlikely. The alimentary route of infection can lead to generalized tuberculosis only when two key predisposing factors are present: systemic immunosuppression and previous damage to the intestinal barrier.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>экспериментальный туберкулез</kwd><kwd>алиментарный путь заражения</kwd><kwd>животная модель</kwd><kwd>кролик</kwd><kwd>модель туберкулезного энтероколита</kwd><kwd>эрозии и язвы кишечника</kwd><kwd>диссеминация</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>experimental tuberculosis</kwd><kwd>alimentary route of infection</kwd><kwd>animal model</kwd><kwd>rabbit</kwd><kwd>model of tuberculous enterocolitis</kwd><kwd>erosions and ulcers of the intestine</kwd><kwd>dissemination</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hatgoankar K, Hatgaonkar A, Dawande P. 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