<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">actabiomedica</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Acta Biomedica Scientifica</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Acta Biomedica Scientifica</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2541-9420</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-9596</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific Centre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29413/ABS.2026-11.3.13</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">actabiomedica-6181</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПЕДИАТРИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PEDIATRICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Клиническая характеристика течения хронического аденоидита у детей 3–6 лет на фоне пробиотической поддержки</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Clinical characteristics of chronic adenoiditis in children aged 3–6 years with probiotic support</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1223-1995</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Изюмов</surname><given-names>А. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Izumov</surname><given-names>A. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Изюмов Александр Олегович – кандидат медицинских наук, доцент, заведующий кафедрой стоматологии детского возраста.</p><p>630091, Новосибирск, Красный проспект, 52</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksandr O. Izumov – Cand. Sc. (Med.), Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Pediatric Dentistry.</p><p>Krasny Prospekt, 52, Novosibirsk 630091</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">izumovao@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4496-0435</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Каравозова</surname><given-names>А. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Karavozova</surname><given-names>A. Е.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Каравозова Анастасия Евгеньевна – ординатор 2 года обучения по специальности «Педиатрия» кафедры пропедевтики детских болезней.</p><p>630091, Новосибирск, Красный проспект, 52</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anastasiya E. Karavozova – 2nd-year resident in Pediatrics, Department of Propaedeutics of Childhood Diseases.</p><p>Krasny Prospekt, 52, Novosibirsk 630091</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nastya_vae100@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1119-7258</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Менщикова</surname><given-names>В. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Menshchikova</surname><given-names>V. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Менщикова Валерия Евгеньевна – аспирант 2 года обучения по специальности «Педиатрия» кафедры пропедевтики детских болезней.</p><p>630091, Новосибирск, Красный проспект, 52</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Valeria E. Menshchikova – 2nd-year postgraduate student in Pediatrics, Department of Propaedeutics of Childhood Diseases.</p><p>Krasny Prospekt, 52, Novosibirsk 630091</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vaidurova_valerya@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0990-0078</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рябиченко</surname><given-names>Т. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ryabichenko</surname><given-names>T. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Рябиченко Татьяна Ивановна – доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры пропедевтики детских болезней Новосибирский ГМУ; ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории иммунологии НИИ экспериментальной и клинической медицины Федерального исследовательского центра фундаментальной и трансляционной медицины МР.</p><p>630091, Новосибирск, Красный проспект, 52; 630060, Новосибирск, ул. Тимакова, 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatyana I. Ryabichenko – Dr. Sc. (Med.), Professor of the Department of Propaedeutics of Childhood Diseases, Novosibirsk SMU; Leading Researcher, Laboratory of Immunology, Research Institute of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Federal Research Center for Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education and Science of the RF.</p><p>Krasny Prospekt, 52, Novosibirsk 630091; Timakov Str., 2, Novosibirsk 630060</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">2925871@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9834-1799</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Обухова</surname><given-names>О. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Obukhova</surname><given-names>O. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Обухова Ольга Олеговна – доктор медицинских наук, руководитель лаборатории иммунологии НИИ экспериментальной и клинической медицины.</p><p>630060, Новосибирск, ул. Тимакова, 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga O. Obukhova – Dr. Sc. (Med.), Head of the Laboratory of Immunology, Research Institute of Experimental and Clinical Medicine.</p><p>Timakov Str., 2, Novosibirsk 630060</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">trio188@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7007-1996</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карцева</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kartseva</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Карцева Татьяна Валерьевна – доктор медицинских наук, доцент, заведующий кафедрой пропедевтики детских болезней.</p><p>630091, Новосибирск, Красный проспект, 52</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatyana V. Kartseva – Dr. Sc. (Med.), Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Propaedeutics of Childhood Diseases.</p><p>Krasny Prospekt, 52, Novosibirsk 630091</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kartseva-t@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4534-7289</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Селятицкая</surname><given-names>В. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Selyatitskaya</surname><given-names>V. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Селятицкая Вера Георгиевна – доктор биологических наук, профессор, директор НИИ экспериментальной и клинической медицины.</p><p>630060, Новосибирск, ул. Тимакова, 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vera G. Selyatitskaya – Dr. Sc. (Biol.), Professor, Director of the Research Institute of Experimental and Clinical Medicine.</p><p>Timakov Str., 2, Novosibirsk 630060</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vgselyatitskaya@frcftm.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Новосибирский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Novosibirsk State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Новосибирский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России; ФГБНУ «Федеральный исследовательский центр фундаментальной и трансляционной медицины» (ФИЦ ФТМ)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Novosibirsk State Medical University; Federal Research Center for Fundamental and Translational Medicine</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Федеральный исследовательский центр фундаментальной и трансляционной медицины» (ФИЦ ФТМ)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Research Center for Fundamental and Translational Medicine</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>02</day><month>08</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>108</fpage><lpage>116</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Изюмов А.О., Каравозова А.Е., Менщикова В.Е., Рябиченко Т.И., Обухова О.О., Карцева Т.В., Селятицкая В.Г., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Изюмов А.О., Каравозова А.Е., Менщикова В.Е., Рябиченко Т.И., Обухова О.О., Карцева Т.В., Селятицкая В.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Izumov A.O., Karavozova A.Е., Menshchikova V.E., Ryabichenko T.I., Obukhova O.O., Kartseva T.V., Selyatitskaya V.G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.actabiomedica.ru/jour/article/view/6181">https://www.actabiomedica.ru/jour/article/view/6181</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Обоснование</title><p>Обоснование. Распространенность хронических заболеваний миндалин постоянно увеличивается среди детей различных возрастов. На сегодняшний день вопросы лечения пациентов детского возраста с хроническими заболеваниями верхних дыхательных путей остаются дискутабельными и требуют новых подходов к терапии.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования. Изучить клинико-анамнестические характеристики течения хронических воспалительных заболеваний аденоидов у детей 3–6 лет с оценкой эффективности включения в программу послеоперационной реабилитации пробиотического средства.</p></sec><sec><title>Методы</title><p>Методы. Обследовано 100 детей в возрасте 3–6 лет с хроническими воспалительными процессами носоглотки. Пациентов разделили на 2 сопоставимые группы в зависимости от проводимых лечебных и реабилитационных мероприятий. Проведено анкетирование родителей для определения степени выраженности клинических симптомов до лечения и через 30 дней после проведенной аденотомии.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Оценивалась частота возникновения и длительность течения вирусных инфекций у детей с хроническим аденоидитом, которые до операции: 80 % переносили острые респираторные инфекции (ОРИ) 1 раз в 2 месяца и чаще, 62 % выздоравливали более чем за 7 дней. По результатам анкетирования после лечения наблюдали статистически значимое снижение частоты встречаемости следующих симптомов у детей в исследуемых группах: затрудненное носовое дыхание, храп, кашель, неприятный запах изо рта. В основной группе наблюдается выраженное снижение интенсивности затруднения дыхания через нос (на 84 %) и частоты встречаемости нарушений сна (на 58 %) после лечения пробиотиком.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Данные анкетирования после лечения демонстрируют эффективность в аспекте регресса клинической симптоматики в обеих группах. Однако по таким симптомам, как снижение интенсивности затруднения дыхания через нос и частота встречаемости нарушений сна, определена более высокая лечебная эффективность применения пробиотического препарата на фоне аденотомии.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. The prevalence of chronic tonsil diseases is constantly increasing among children of different ages. To date, the treatment of pediatric patients with chronic diseases of the upper respiratory tract remains controversial and requires new therapeutic approaches.</p></sec><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. To study the clinical and anamnestic characteristics of chronic adenoiditis in children aged 3-6 years and to evaluate the effectiveness of including a probiotic drug in postoperative rehabilitation.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods. A total of 100 children aged 3–6 years with chronic inflammatory processes of the nasopharynx were examined. The patients were divided into 2 comparable groups, depending on the treatment and rehabilitation measures received. A parent survey was conducted to assess the severity of clinical symptoms before treatment and 30 days after adenotomy.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The frequency and duration of viral infections in children with chronic adenoiditis were assessed. Before surgery, 62 % of children had acute respiratory infections (ARIs) once every 2 months or more, and 62 % had ARI episodes lasting more than 7 days. According to the survey results, after treatment there was a statistically significant decrease in the frequency of the following symptoms in children in both study groups: difficulty in nasal breathing, snoring, cough, and bad breath. In the main group, there was a marked decrease in the intensity of nasal breathing difficulty (by 84 %) and in the frequency of sleep disorders (by 58 %) after probiotic treatment.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The post-treatment survey data demonstrate regression of clinical symptoms in both groups. However, with respect to symptoms such as decreased intensity of nasal breathing and reduced frequency of sleep disorders, higher therapeutic efficacy was observed when a probiotic was used as an adjunct to adenotomy.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>хронический аденоидит</kwd><kwd>аденотомия</kwd><kwd>пробиотические препараты</kwd><kwd>Bifidobacterium longum MC-42</kwd><kwd>клинические проявления</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>chronic adenoiditis</kwd><kwd>adenotomy</kwd><kwd>probiotics</kwd><kwd>Bifidobacterium longum MC-42</kwd><kwd>clinical manifestations</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Egorova KV, Zhamlikhanov NH, Mallin DА. Physical development of children with chronic inflammatory pathology of the pharynx: a review of the literature. Lechaschi Vrach. 2022; 10(25): 11-15. (In Russ.). doi: 10.51793/OS.2022.25.10.002</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Egorova KV, Zhamlikhanov NH, Mallin DА. Physical development of children with chronic inflammatory pathology of the pharynx: a review of the literature. Lechaschi Vrach. 2022; 10(25): 11-15. (In Russ.). doi: 10.51793/OS.2022.25.10.002</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Samara P, Athanasopoulos M, Athanasopoulos I. Unveiling the Enigmatic Adenoids and Tonsils: Exploring Immunology, Physiology, Microbiome Dynamics, and the Transformative Power of Surgery. Microorganisms. 2023; 11(7): 1624. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms11071624</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Samara P, Athanasopoulos M, Athanasopoulos I. Unveiling the Enigmatic Adenoids and Tonsils: Exploring Immunology, Physiology, Microbiome Dynamics, and the Transformative Power of Surgery. Microorganisms. 2023; 11(7): 1624. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms11071624</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">González-Díaz SN, Arias-Cruz A, Macouzet-Sánchez C, et al. Impact of air pollution in respiratory allergic diseases. Med. Univ. 2016; 18: 212–215. doi: 10.1016/j.rmu.2016.10.006</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">González-Díaz SN, Arias-Cruz A, Macouzet-Sánchez C, et al. Impact of air pollution in respiratory allergic diseases. Med. Univ. 2016; 18: 212–215. doi: 10.1016/j.rmu.2016.10.006</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sachkova LA, Balashov AL, Truhmanov MS. Frequently ill children. University therapeutic journal. 2021; 2(4): 75-85 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sachkova LA, Balashov AL, Truhmanov MS. Frequently ill children. University therapeutic journal. 2021; 2(4): 75-85 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Karpova EP, Gankovskaya LV, Vozgoment OB, et al. Hypertrophy of palatine tonsils — possible treatment approaches. Russian Bulletin of Otorhinolaryngology. 2020; 85(3): 57-63. (In Russ.). doi: 10.17116/otorino20208503157</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Karpova EP, Gankovskaya LV, Vozgoment OB, et al. Hypertrophy of palatine tonsils — possible treatment approaches. Russian Bulletin of Otorhinolaryngology. 2020; 85(3): 57-63. (In Russ.). doi: 10.17116/otorino20208503157</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Marazzato M, Zicari AM, Aleandri M, et al. 16S Metagenomics reveals dysbiosis of nasal core microbiota in children with chronic nasal inflammation: role of adenoid hypertrophy and allergic rhinitis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2020; 10: 458. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00458</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Marazzato M, Zicari AM, Aleandri M, et al. 16S Metagenomics reveals dysbiosis of nasal core microbiota in children with chronic nasal inflammation: role of adenoid hypertrophy and allergic rhinitis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2020; 10: 458. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00458</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gurov AV, Yushkina MA, Muzhichkova AV. Microbiocenosis-regulating therapy of inflammatory pathology of the oropharynx. Russian Bulletin of Otorhinolaryngology. 2021; 86(6): 51-56. (In Russ.). doi: 10.17116/otorino20218606151</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gurov AV, Yushkina MA, Muzhichkova AV. Microbiocenosis-regulating therapy of inflammatory pathology of the oropharynx. Russian Bulletin of Otorhinolaryngology. 2021; 86(6): 51-56. (In Russ.). doi: 10.17116/otorino20218606151</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ilchenko SI, Fialkovskaya AA, Ivanus SG. The effectiveness of the use of the respiratory probiotic Streptococcus salivarius K12 in children with recurrent tonsillitis. Actual Infectology. 2020; 8(2): 25-29. (In Russ.). doi: 10.22141/2312413x822020.199732</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ilchenko SI, Fialkovskaya AA, Ivanus SG. The effectiveness of the use of the respiratory probiotic Streptococcus salivarius K12 in children with recurrent tonsillitis. Actual Infectology. 2020; 8(2): 25-29. (In Russ.). doi: 10.22141/2312413x822020.199732</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kiselev AB, Chaukina VA, Andamova OV, Avtushko AS, Vertakova OV, Shugakova EV. Guidelines for Therapists and Otolaryngologists on Chronic Pharyngeal Infections and Associated Somatic Pathology, approved at the meeting of the Coordination and Methodological Council for Postgraduate Education of the Novosibirsk State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation on April 6, 2018, Minutes No. 98. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kiselev AB, Chaukina VA, Andamova OV, Avtushko AS, Vertakova OV, Shugakova EV. Guidelines for Therapists and Otolaryngologists on Chronic Pharyngeal Infections and Associated Somatic Pathology, approved at the meeting of the Coordination and Methodological Council for Postgraduate Education of the Novosibirsk State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation on April 6, 2018, Minutes No. 98. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Orlova YuE, Svistushkin VM, Nikiforova GN, et al. Treatment principles of children with pharyngeal tonsil pathology in the background of allergic rhinitis (literature review). Consilium Medicum. 2022; 24(3): 193–198. (In Russ.). doi: 10.26442/20751753.2022.3.201516</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Orlova YuE, Svistushkin VM, Nikiforova GN, et al. Treatment principles of children with pharyngeal tonsil pathology in the background of allergic rhinitis (literature review). Consilium Medicum. 2022; 24(3): 193–198. (In Russ.). doi: 10.26442/20751753.2022.3.201516</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zenaishvili RD, Malykhina DD. Optimization of chronic adenoiditis treatment with account of nasopharyngeal microbiota. Rossiiskaia otorinolaringologiia. 2018; 1: 54-58. (In Russ.). doi: 10.18692/1810-4800-2018-1-54-58</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zenaishvili RD, Malykhina DD. Optimization of chronic adenoiditis treatment with account of nasopharyngeal microbiota. Rossiiskaia otorinolaringologiia. 2018; 1: 54-58. (In Russ.). doi: 10.18692/1810-4800-2018-1-54-58</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Blackshaw H, Springford LR, Zhang LY, et al. Tonsillectomy versus tonsillotomy for obstructive sleep-disordered breathing in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020; 4(4): CD011365. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD011365.pub2</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Blackshaw H, Springford LR, Zhang LY, et al. Tonsillectomy versus tonsillotomy for obstructive sleep-disordered breathing in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020; 4(4): CD011365. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD011365.pub2</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kulmakova MA, Radtsig EIu, Polunin MM. Recurrent growth of pharyngeal lymphoid tissues in children: a literature review. Pediatrics. Consilium Medicum. 2022; 4: 336–339. (In Russ.). doi: 10.26442/26586630.2022.4.201918</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kulmakova MA, Radtsig EIu, Polunin MM. Recurrent growth of pharyngeal lymphoid tissues in children: a literature review. Pediatrics. Consilium Medicum. 2022; 4: 336–339. (In Russ.). doi: 10.26442/26586630.2022.4.201918</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Clinical recommendations “Adenoid hypertrophy. Hypertrophy of the palatine tonsils.”Year of approval: 2024 National Medical Association of Otolaryngologists. Approved by the Scientific and Practical Council of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. (In Russ.). URL: https://base.garant.ru/410612248/ [date of access: March 14, 2025].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Clinical recommendations “Adenoid hypertrophy. Hypertrophy of the palatine tonsils.”Year of approval: 2024 National Medical Association of Otolaryngologists. Approved by the Scientific and Practical Council of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. (In Russ.). URL: https://base.garant.ru/410612248/ [date of access: March 14, 2025].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Radtsig EYu, Davydova OV, Kizeva AG, et al. The effectiveness comparison of various conservative treatment options of nasopharyngeal inflammation in children. Russian Bulletin of Otorhinolaryngology. 2022; 87(4): 38 44. (In Russ.). doi: 10.17116/otorino20228704138</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Radtsig EYu, Davydova OV, Kizeva AG, et al. The effectiveness comparison of various conservative treatment options of nasopharyngeal inflammation in children. Russian Bulletin of Otorhinolaryngology. 2022; 87(4): 38 44. (In Russ.). doi: 10.17116/otorino20228704138</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Khan Laghari I, Nawaz T, Mustafa S, et al. Role of multi-strain probiotics in preventing severity and frequency of recurrent respiratory tract infections in children. BMC Pediatr. 2023; 23(1): 505. doi: 10.1186/s12887-02304338-x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khan Laghari I, Nawaz T, Mustafa S, et al. Role of multi-strain probiotics in preventing severity and frequency of recurrent respiratory tract infections in children. BMC Pediatr. 2023; 23(1): 505. doi: 10.1186/s12887-02304338-x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Maya-Barrios A, Lira-Hernandez K, Jiménez-Escobar I, et al. Limosilactobacillus reuteri ATCC PTA 5289 and DSM 17938 as adjuvants to improve evolution of pharyngitis/tonsillitis in children: randomised controlled trial. Benef Microbes. 2021; 12(2): 137-145. doi: 10.3920/BM2020.0171</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maya-Barrios A, Lira-Hernandez K, Jiménez-Escobar I, et al. Limosilactobacillus reuteri ATCC PTA 5289 and DSM 17938 as adjuvants to improve evolution of pharyngitis/tonsillitis in children: randomised controlled trial. Benef Microbes. 2021; 12(2): 137-145. doi: 10.3920/BM2020.0171</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Феклисова Л.В. Перспективы применения сорбированного монокомпонентного препарата-пробиотика у детей с рекуррентными респираторными заболеваниями. Инфекц. болезни: новости, мнения, обуч. 2021; 10(2): 60–68. doi: 10.33029/2305-3496-2021-10-2-60-68</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Feklisova LV. Prospects for the use of the immobilized monocomponent probiotics in children with recurrent respiratory diseases. Infectious Diseases: News, Opinions, Training. 2021; 10(2): 60–68. (In Russ.). doi: 10.33029/2305-3496-2021-10-2-60-68</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
