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<article article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">actabiomedica</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Acta Biomedica Scientifica</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Acta Biomedica Scientifica</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2541-9420</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-9596</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific Centre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29413/ABS.2026-11.3.10</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">actabiomedica-6178</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>НЕВРОЛОГИЯ И НЕЙРОХИРУРГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>NEUROLOGY AND NEUROSURGERY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Синдром беспокойных ног: обзор литературы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Restless legs syndrome: a literature review</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3423-7260</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мадаева</surname><given-names>И. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Madaeva</surname><given-names>I. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мадаева Ирина Михайловна – доктор медицинских наук, главный научный сотрудник лаборатории сомнологии и нейрофизиологии.</p><p>664003, Иркутск, ул. Тимирязева, 16</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina M. Madaeva – Dr. Sc. (Med.), Chief Researcher, Laboratory of Somnology and Neurophysiology.</p><p>Timiryazev Str., 16, Irkutsk 664003</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nightchild@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0269-5928</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пыткина</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pytkina</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пыткина Алёна Андреевна – лаборант-исследователь лаборатории сомнологии и нейрофизиологии.</p><p>664003, Иркутск, ул. Тимирязева, 16</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alena A. Pytkina – research assistant, Laboratory of Somnology and Neurophysiology.</p><p>Timiryazev Str., 16, Irkutsk 664003</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alena.orlova.200@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Научный центр проблем здоровья семьи и репродукции человека»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Scientific Centre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>02</day><month>08</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>79</fpage><lpage>87</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Мадаева И.М., Пыткина А.А., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Мадаева И.М., Пыткина А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Madaeva I.M., Pytkina A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.actabiomedica.ru/jour/article/view/6178">https://www.actabiomedica.ru/jour/article/view/6178</self-uri><abstract><p>Синдром беспокойных ног (СБН) — распространенное сенсомоторное неврологическое расстройство, которое значительно нарушает сон и связан с повышенным риском хронических неинфекционных заболеваний. СБН считается распространенным двигательным расстройством, встречается примерно на 50 % чаще у женщин, а также у лиц европейского происхождения. Этиология заболевания до сих пор не установлена. Патофизиология СБН также до конца не изучена. Дофаминергическая дисфункция является ключевым признаком СБН. С самого открытия заболевания особо выделяли роль дефицита железа, но не его содержание в периферической крови, а именно концентрация в ЦНС. При СБН могут снижаться уровни эндогенных опиоидов, что может способствовать нарушению обработки сенсорных стимулов. У пациентов с СБН подтвердили избыточную экспрессию сигнального пути эстрогена. СБН характеризуется неконтролируемым и мучительным желанием двигать ногами и другими частями тела, и оно часто сопровождается неприятными и раздражающими ощущениями. Симптомы чаще появляются либо усиливаются в вечернее и ночное время, и уменьшаются при произвольных движениях. В настоящее время диагностика СБН основывается на клинической картине, в связи чем были разработаны критерии для более объективной постановки диагноза. К немедикаментозным методам лечения относятся: физические упражнения умеренной интенсивности, йога, массаж мышц ног, устройства для последовательной компрессии мышц нижних конечностей, избегание причин, усугубляющих СБН, гигиена сна. Разработка новых лекарственных препаратов для лечения СБН невозможна из-за ограниченного понимания его патофизиологии. В лечении СБН используются дофаминергические агонисты, лиганды α2δ кальциевых каналов и опиоиды. Врачи недостаточно осведомлены о данном заболевании, оно часто остается не диагностируемым. СБН является курабельным заболеванием, но риск развития аугментации на фоне лекарственной терапии делает необходимой разработку эффективных немедикаментозных методов лечения.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a common sensorimotor neurological disorder that significantly disrupts sleep and is associated with an increased risk of chronic noncommunicable diseases. RLS is considered a common movement disorder, occurring approximately 50 % more frequently in women and in individuals of European descent. The etiology of the disease remains unknown. The pathophysiology of RLS is also not fully understood. Dopaminergic dysfunction is a key feature of RLS. Since its discovery, the role of iron deficiency has been emphasized, not iron levels in the peripheral blood, but rather its concentration in the central nervous system. The hyperdopaminergic state in RLS can lead to decreased endogenous opioid levels, which may contribute to impaired sensory processing. Overexpression of the estrogen signaling pathway has been confirmed in patients with RLS. RLS is characterized by an uncontrollable and distressing urge to move the legs and other body parts, often accompanied by unpleasant and irritating sensations. Symptoms often appear or worsen in the evening and at night and are relieved by voluntary movement. Currently, the diagnosis of RLS is based on the clinical picture, and therefore criteria have been developed for a more objective diagnosis. Non-pharmacological treatments include sleep hygiene, moderate-intensity exercise, yoga, leg massage, progressive compression devices for the lower extremity muscles, and avoiding factors that aggravate RLS. The development of new medications for the treatment of RLS has been somewhat delayed due to a limited understanding of its pathophysiology. Dopaminergic agonists, α2δ calcium channel ligands, and opioids are used in the treatment of RLS. The disorder is under-recognized by physicians and often remains undiagnosed. RLS is a treatable disease, but the risk of augmentation during drug therapy makes it necessary to develop effective non-drug treatment methods.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>синдром беспокойных ног</kwd><kwd>дофамин</kwd><kwd>лиганды α2δ кальциевых каналов</kwd><kwd>железо</kwd><kwd>генетика</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>restless legs syndrome</kwd><kwd>dopamine</kwd><kwd>α2δ calcium channel ligands</kwd><kwd>iron</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Seeman MV. Why Are Women Prone to Restless Legs Syndrome? Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020; 17(1): 368. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17010368</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Seeman MV. 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