<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">actabiomedica</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Acta Biomedica Scientifica</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Acta Biomedica Scientifica</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2541-9420</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-9596</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific Centre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29413/ABS.2026-11.2.2</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">actabiomedica-6066</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АКУШЕРСТВО И ГИНЕКОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Иммунологический «ландшафт» индуцированной беременности: цитокиновая сеть как предиктор исходов вспомогательных репродуктивных технологий и мишень для персонализированной терапии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Immunological landscape of induced pregnancy: cytokine network as predictor of assisted reproductive technology outcomes and target for personalized therapy</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4828-2476</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лапштаева</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lapshtaeva</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лапштаева Анна Васильевна – кандидат медицинских наук, доцент, доцент кафедры иммунологии, микробиологии и вирусологии с курсом клинической иммунологии и аллергологии.</p><p>430005, Республика Мордовия, Саранск, ул. Большевистская, д. 68</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna V. Lapshtaeva – Cand. Sc. (Med.), Docent, Associate Professor of the Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Virology with a course in Clinical Immunology and Allergology, National Research Mordovia State University.</p><p>Bolshevistskaya St., 68, Saransk 430005</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">av_lapshtaeva@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0227-2651</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сычев</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sychev</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сычев Иван Витальевич – научный сотрудник Центра геномных исследований мирового уровня «Центр предиктивной генетики, фармакогенетики и персонализированной терапии».</p><p>119435, Москва, Абрикосовский пер., д. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ivan V. Sychev – Researcher at the Center for Predictive Genetics, Pharmacogenetics and Personalized Therapy — World-class Center for Genomic Research, Russian Scientific Center for Surgery named after Academician B. V. Petrovsky.</p><p>Abrikosovsky Lane, 2, Moscow 1194352</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sychev_iv@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3228-3880</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вирясова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Viryasova</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Вирясова Анастасия Алексеевна – ассистент кафедры акушерства и гинекологии им. проф. А.П. Марусова.</p><p>430005, Республика Мордовия, г Саранск, ул. Большевистская, д. 68</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anastasia A. Viryasova – Teaching assistant at the Department of obstetrics and gynecology named after prof. A.P. Marusov, National Research Mordovia State University.</p><p>Bolshevistskaya St., 68, Saransk 430005</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nastia.pankova2015@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2886-197X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мармулева</surname><given-names>В. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Marmyleva</surname><given-names>V. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мармулева Вероника Сергеевна – студентка 5 курса.</p><p>153012, Ивановская область, г. Иваново, Шереметевский проспект, д. 8</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Veronika S. Marmyleva – 5th year student of the Ivanovo State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation.</p><p>Sheremetevsky Prospekt, 8, Ivanovo 1530128</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nauka.mvs@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4496-3680</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сычев</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sychev</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сычев Дмитрий Алексеевич – доктор медицинских наук, профессор, академик РАН, заслуженный деятель науки, научный руководитель Центра геномных исследований мирового уровня «Центр предиктивной генетики, фармакогенетики и персонализированной терапии» ФГБНУ «РНЦХ им. акад. Б.В. Петровского»; заведующий кафедрой клинической фармакологии и терапии им. академика Б.Е. Вотчала ФГБОУ ДПО «РМАНПО» МЗ РФ.</p><p>119435, Москва, Абрикосовский пер., д. 2; 125993, Москва, ул. Баррикадная, дом 2/1, строение 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitry A. Sychev – Dr. Sc. (Med.), Professor, member of the RAS, Honored Scientist, Scientific Director of the Center for Predictive Genetics, Pharmacogenetics and Personalized Therapy – World-class Center for Genomic Research, Russian Scientific Center for Surgery named after Academician B.V. Petrovsky; Head of the Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapy named after Academician B.E. Votchal of the Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education.</p><p>Abrikosovsky Lane, 2, Moscow 1194352; Barrikadnaya Street, 2/1, Building 1, Moscow 125993</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dimasychev@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Национальный исследовательский Мордовский Государственный Университет им. Н.П. Огарёва»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Research Mordovia State University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Российский научный центр хирургии имени академика Б.В. Петровского»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Scientific Center for Surgery named after Academician B.V. Petrovsky</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Ивановский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ivanovo State Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Российский научный центр хирургии имени академика Б.В. Петровского»; ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Scientific Center for Surgery named after Academician B.V. Petrovsky; Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>27</day><month>05</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>12</fpage><lpage>23</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Лапштаева А.В., Сычев И.В., Вирясова А.А., Мармулева В.С., Сычев Д.А., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Лапштаева А.В., Сычев И.В., Вирясова А.А., Мармулева В.С., Сычев Д.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Lapshtaeva A.V., Sychev I.V., Viryasova A.A., Marmyleva V.S., Sychev D.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.actabiomedica.ru/jour/article/view/6066">https://www.actabiomedica.ru/jour/article/view/6066</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Обоснование</title><p>Обоснование. Несмотря на постоянное совершенствование проводимых программ вспомогательных репродуктивных технологий (ВРТ), показатели успешной имплантации эмбриона и наступления клинической беременности сильно варьируют, а частота ранних потерь беременности остается значительной. Ключевая роль в имплантации и поддержании беременности принадлежит балансу цитокинов, нарушения которого выступают важным фактором риска неудач ВРТ.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель работы</title><p>Цель работы. Систематизировать современные представления о роли цитокиновой сети в наступлении и поддержании индуцированной беременности и оценить клиническую значимость цитокинового профиля как инструмента для прогнозирования и потенциальной коррекции репродуктивных неудач. Материалом для анализа послужили публикации, индексированные в международных базах данных Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed и в отечественной базе данных РИНЦ, глубина поиска составила 5 лет (2020–2025 г.).</p></sec><sec><title>Основные положения</title><p>Основные положения. Цитокиновая сеть — фундаментальный регулятор имплантации и поддержания индуцированной беременности. Дисбаланс в сторону провоспалительных (Th1) цитокинов, таких как TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1β, может являться наиболее значимым фактором неудач имплантации, ранних потерь беременности и осложнений беременности после процедуры ВРТ. Напротив, адекватный уровень противовоспалительных и иммунорегуляторных (Th2/Treg) цитокинов IL-10, TGF-β, IL-35, и адекватная активность Treg создают оптимальную среду для имплантации и развития эмбриона и коррелируют с благоприятными исходами. Персонализированный подход, основанный на выявлении цитокинового дисбаланса и его таргетной коррекции, включая иммуномодуляцию, применение факторов роста, внутриматочное введение Treg, представляет собой перспективную стратегию для повышения эффективности ВРТ и снижения частоты репродуктивных неудач.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Результаты проанализированных исследований вносят существенный вклад в репродуктивную иммунологию, предлагая научно обоснованные подходы к повышению эффективности ВРТ и снижению частоты репродуктивных неудач через призму управления иммунным «ландшафтом» индуцированной беременности.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Despite the continuous improvement of ongoing assisted reproductive technologies (ART programs), the rates of successful embryo implantation and clinical pregnancy vary greatly, and the frequency of early pregnancy losses remains significant. A key role in implantation and maintenance of pregnancy belongs to the balance of cytokines, disorders of which are an important risk factor for the failure of ART.</p><p>The aim of the work is to systematize modern ideas about the role of the cytokine network in the onset and maintenance of induced pregnancy and to assess the clinical significance of the cytokine profile as a tool for predicting and potentially correcting reproductive failures. The material for the analysis was publications indexed in the international databases as Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed and domestic database as RSCI, the search depth was 5 years (2020–2025).</p><sec><title>Main provisions</title><p>Main provisions. The cytokine network is a fundamental regulator of implantation and maintenance of induced pregnancy. The imbalance towards proinflammatory (Th1) cytokines such as TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1 β may be the most significant factor in implantation failures, early pregnancy losses, and pregnancy complications after ART. In contrast, adequate levels of anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory (Th2/Treg) cytokines IL-10, TGF-β, IL-35, andadequate Treg activity create anoptimal environment for embryo implantation and development, and correlate with favorable outcomes. A personalized approach based on the detection of cytokine imbalance and its targeted correction, including immunomodulation, the use of growth factors, intrauterine administration of Treg, represents a promising strategy to increase the effectiveness of ART and reduce the frequency of reproductive failures.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The results of the analyzed studies make a significant contribution to reproductive immunology, offering scientifically based approaches to improve the effectiveness of ART and reduce the frequency of reproductive failures through the prism of managing the immune landscape of induced pregnancy.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>цитокины</kwd><kwd>интерлейкины</kwd><kwd>факторы роста</kwd><kwd>имплантация</kwd><kwd>материнско-фетальная толерантность</kwd><kwd>индуцированная беременность</kwd><kwd>экстракорпоральное оплодотворение</kwd><kwd>неудачи имплантации</kwd><kwd>бесплодие</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cytokines</kwd><kwd>interleukins</kwd><kwd>growth factors</kwd><kwd>implantation</kwd><kwd>maternal-fetal tolerance</kwd><kwd>induced pregnancy</kwd><kwd>in vitro fertilization</kwd><kwd>implantation failures</kwd><kwd>infertility</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alanazi H, Zhang Y, Fatunbi J, Luu T, Kwak-Kim J. The impact of reproductive hormones on T cell immunity; normal and assisted reproductive cycles. J Reprod Immunol. 2024; 165: 104295. doi: 10.1016/j.jri.2024.104295</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alanazi H, Zhang Y, Fatunbi J, Luu T, Kwak-Kim J. The impact of reproductive hormones on T cell immunity; normal and assisted reproductive cycles. J Reprod Immunol. 2024; 165: 104295. doi: 10.1016/j.jri.2024.104295</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Farshchi M, Abdollahi E, Saghafi N, Hosseini A, Fallahi S, Rostami S, et al. Evaluation of Th17 and Treg cytokines in patients with unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss. Clin Transl Res. 2022; 8(3): 256-265.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Farshchi M, Abdollahi E, Saghafi N, Hosseini A, Fallahi S, Rostami S, et al. Evaluation of Th17 and Treg cytokines in patients with unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss. Clin Transl Res. 2022; 8(3): 256-265.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лапштаева А.В., Данилова Я.А. Роль цитокинов семейства IL-1 в имплантации и развитии ЭКО-индуцированной беременности. Бюллетень науки и практики. 2021; 7(1): 166-177. doi: 10.33619/2414-2948/62/17</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lapshtaeva A, Danilova Ya. Role of Cytokines of the IL-1 Family in Implantation and Development of Induced Pregnancy. Bulletin of Science and Practice. 2021; 7(1): 166-177. (In Russ.) doi: 10.33619/2414-2948/62/17</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Богданова И.М., Артемьева К.А., Болтовская М.Н., Низяева Н.В., Куликов И.А. Функциональная избыточность цитокинов при беременности. Проблемы репродукции. 2024; 30(6): 73–80. doi: 10.17116/repro20243006173</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bogdanova IM, Artemieva KA, Boltovskaya MN, Nizyaeva NV, Kulikov IA. Functional cytokine redundancy in pregnancy. Russian Journal of Human Reproduction. 2024; 30(6): 73-80. (In Russ.). doi: 10.17116/repro20243006173</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lan Y, Li Y, Yang X, Lei L, Liang Y, Wang S. Progesterone-induced blocking factor-mediated Th1/Th2 balance correlates with fetal arrest in women who underwent in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer. Clin Immunol. 2021; 232: 108858. doi: 10.1016/j.clim.2021.108858</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lan Y, Li Y, Yang X, Lei L, Liang Y, Wang S. Progesterone-induced blocking factor-mediated Th1/Th2 balance correlates with fetal arrest in women who underwent in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer. Clin Immunol. 2021; 232: 108858. doi: 10.1016/j.clim.2021.108858</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Adamczak R, Ukleja-Sokołowska N, Lis K, Bartuzi Z, Dubiel M. Progesterone-induced blocking factor 1 and cytokine profile of follicular fluid of infertile women qualified to in vitro fertilization: The influence on fetus development and pregnancy outcome. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol. 2022; 36: 3946320221111134. doi: 10.1177/03946320221111134</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Adamczak R, Ukleja-Sokołowska N, Lis K, Bartuzi Z, Dubiel M. Progesterone-induced blocking factor 1 and cytokine profile of follicular fluid of infertile women qualified to in vitro fertilization: The influence on fetus development and pregnancy outcome. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol. 2022; 36: 3946320221111134. doi: 10.1177/03946320221111134</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tu YA, Chou CH, Yang PK, Shun CT, Wen WF, Tsao PN, et al. Intentional endometrial injury enhances angiogenesis through increased production and activation of MMP-9 by TNF-α and MMP-3 in a mouse model. Mol Hum Reprod. 2021; 27(10): gaab055. doi: 10.1093/molehr/gaab055</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tu YA, Chou CH, Yang PK, Shun CT, Wen WF, Tsao PN, et al. Intentional endometrial injury enhances angiogenesis through increased production and activation of MMP-9 by TNF-α and MMP-3 in a mouse model. Mol Hum Reprod. 2021; 27(10): gaab055. doi: 10.1093/molehr/gaab055</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Davidova N, Pkhaladze L, Kvashilava N, Barbakadze L, Khomasuridze A. Early pregnancy loss: investigating the role of progesterone-induced blocking factor. Georgian Med News. 2024; (349): 120-125.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Davidova N, Pkhaladze L, Kvashilava N, Barbakadze L, Khomasuridze A. Early pregnancy loss: investigating the role of progesterone-induced blocking factor. Georgian Med News. 2024; (349): 120-125.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Piccinni MP, Raghupathy R, Saito S, Szekeres-Bartho J. Cytokines, Hormones and Cellular Regulatory Mechanisms Favoring Successful Reproduction. Front Immunol. 2021; 12: 717808. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.717808</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Piccinni MP, Raghupathy R, Saito S, Szekeres-Bartho J. Cytokines, Hormones and Cellular Regulatory Mechanisms Favoring Successful Reproduction. Front Immunol. 2021; 12: 717808. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.717808</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Munro SK, Balakrishnan B, Lissaman AC, Gujral P, Ponnampalam AP. Cytokines and pregnancy: Potential regulation by histone deacetylases. Mol Reprod Dev. 2021; 88(5): 321-337. doi: 10.1002/mrd.23430</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Munro SK, Balakrishnan B, Lissaman AC, Gujral P, Ponnampalam AP. Cytokines and pregnancy: Potential regulation by histone deacetylases. Mol Reprod Dev. 2021; 88(5): 321-337. doi: 10.1002/mrd.23430</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang W, Sung N, Gilman-Sachs A, Kwak-Kim J. T Helper (Th) Cell Profiles in Pregnancy and Recurrent Pregnancy Losses: Th1/Th2/Th9/Th17/Th22/Tfh Cells. Front Immunol. 2020; 11: 2025. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02025</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang W, Sung N, Gilman-Sachs A, Kwak-Kim J. T Helper (Th) Cell Profiles in Pregnancy and Recurrent Pregnancy Losses: Th1/Th2/Th9/Th17/Th22/Tfh Cells. Front Immunol. 2020; 11: 2025. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02025</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rao VA, Kurian NK, Rao KA. Cytokines, NK cells and regulatory T cell functions in normal pregnancy and reproductive failures. Reprod Immunol. 2023; 89(2): e13667. doi: 10.1111/aji.13667</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rao VA, Kurian NK, Rao KA. Cytokines, NK cells and regulatory T cell functions in normal pregnancy and reproductive failures. Reprod Immunol. 2023; 89(2): e13667. doi: 10.1111/aji.13667</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kaponis A, Chatzopoulos G, Paschopoulos M, Georgiou I, Paraskevaidis V, et al. Ultralong administration of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists before in vitro fertilization improves fertilization rate but not clinical pregnancy rate in women with mild endometriosis: a prospective, randomized, controlled trial. Fertil Steril. 2020; 113(4): 828-835. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2019.12.018</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kaponis A, Chatzopoulos G, Paschopoulos M, Georgiou I, Paraskevaidis V, et al. Ultralong administration of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists before in vitro fertilization improves fertilization rate but not clinical pregnancy rate in women with mild endometriosis: a prospective, randomized, controlled trial. Fertil Steril. 2020; 113(4): 828-835. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2019.12.018</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vilotić A, Nacka-Aleksić M, Pirković A, Bojić-Trbojević Ž, Dekanski D, Jovanović Krivokuća M. IL-6 and IL-8: An Overview of Their Roles in Healthy and Pathological Pregnancies. Mol Sci. 2022; 23(23): 14574. doi: 10.3390/ijms232314574</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vilotić A, Nacka-Aleksić M, Pirković A, Bojić-Trbojević Ž, Dekanski D, Jovanović Krivokuća M. IL-6 and IL-8: An Overview of Their Roles in Healthy and Pathological Pregnancies. Mol Sci. 2022; 23(23): 14574. doi: 10.3390/ijms232314574</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">He Y, Li R, Yin J, Yang Z, Wang Y, Chen L, et al. Influencing of serum inflammatory factors on IVF/ICSI outcomes among PCOS patients with different BMI. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2023; 14: 1204623. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1204623</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">He Y, Li R, Yin J, Yang Z, Wang Y, Chen L, et al. Influencing of serum inflammatory factors on IVF/ICSI outcomes among PCOS patients with different BMI. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2023; 14: 1204623. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1204623</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alhilali MJ, Parham A, Attaranzadeh A, Amirian M, Azizzadeh M. Prognostic role of follicular fluid tumor necrosis factor alpha in the risk of early ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2020; 20(1): 691. doi: 10.1186/s12884-020-03379-9</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alhilali MJ, Parham A, Attaranzadeh A, Amirian M, Azizzadeh M. Prognostic role of follicular fluid tumor necrosis factor alpha in the risk of early ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2020; 20(1): 691. doi: 10.1186/s12884-020-03379-9</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dai FF, Hu M, Zhang YW, Zhu RH, Chen LP, Li ZD, et al. TNF-α/anti-TNF-α drugs and its effect on pregnancy outcomes. Expert Rev Mol Med. 2022; 24: e26. doi: 10.1017/erm.2022.18</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dai FF, Hu M, Zhang YW, Zhu RH, Chen LP, Li ZD, et al. TNF-α/anti-TNF-α drugs and its effect on pregnancy outcomes. Expert Rev Mol Med. 2022; 24: e26. doi: 10.1017/erm.2022.18</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Eddy AC, Rajakumar A, Spradley FT, Granger JP, Rana S. Luteolin prevents TNF-α-induced NF-κB activation and ROS production in cultured human placental explants and endothelial cells. Placenta. 2024; 145: 65-71. doi: 10.1016/j.placenta.2023.12.004</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Eddy AC, Rajakumar A, Spradley FT, Granger JP, Rana S. Luteolin prevents TNF-α-induced NF-κB activation and ROS production in cultured human placental explants and endothelial cells. Placenta. 2024; 145: 65-71. doi: 10.1016/j.placenta.2023.12.004</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Presicce P, Cappelletti M, Senthamaraikannan P, Ma F, Morselli M, Jackson CM, et al. TNF-Signaling Modulates Neutrophil-Mediated Immunity at the Feto-Maternal Interface During LPS-Induced Intrauterine Inflammation. Front Immunol. 2020; 11: 558. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00558</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Presicce P, Cappelletti M, Senthamaraikannan P, Ma F, Morselli M, Jackson CM, et al. TNF-Signaling Modulates Neutrophil-Mediated Immunity at the Feto-Maternal Interface During LPS-Induced Intrauterine Inflammation. Front Immunol. 2020; 11: 558. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00558</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aberšek N, Tsiartas P, Soucek O, Andrys C, Musilova I, Jacobsson B, et al. Characterizing of intra-amniotic inflammatory changes associated with chronic inflammation in the placenta marked by elevated amniotic fluid interferon gamma-induced protein 10 (IP-10) in pregnancies complicated by preterm prelabor rupture of membranes. Eur J ObstetGynecolReprod Biol. 2024; 296: 292-298. doi: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2024.03.006</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aberšek N, Tsiartas P, Soucek O, Andrys C, Musilova I, Jacobsson B, et al. Characterizing of intra-amniotic inflammatory changes associated with chronic inflammation in the placenta marked by elevated amniotic fluid interferon gamma-induced protein 10 (IP-10) in pregnancies complicated by preterm prelabor rupture of membranes. Eur J ObstetGynecolReprod Biol. 2024; 296: 292-298. doi: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2024.03.006</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gai X, Chi H, Zeng L, Cao W, Chen L, Zhang C, et al. Impact of Positive Interferon-Gamma Release Assay on IVF-ET Pregnancy Outcomes in Infertile Patients with Untreated Prior Tuberculosis: A Prospective Cohort Study. Front Med (Lausanne). 2021; 8: 749410. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2021.749410</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gai X, Chi H, Zeng L, Cao W, Chen L, Zhang C, et al. Impact of Positive Interferon-Gamma Release Assay on IVF-ET Pregnancy Outcomes in Infertile Patients with Untreated Prior Tuberculosis: A Prospective Cohort Study. Front Med (Lausanne). 2021; 8: 749410. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2021.749410</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pathak M, Vani V, Sharma S, Seshagiri PB. Expression of IL-1β and implantation serine proteases is required for mouse blastocyst hatching. Reproduction. 2021; 161(2): 123-133. doi: 10.1530/REP-20-0376</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pathak M, Vani V, Sharma S, Seshagiri PB. Expression of IL-1β and implantation serine proteases is required for mouse blastocyst hatching. Reproduction. 2021; 161(2): 123-133. doi: 10.1530/REP-20-0376</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fonseca BM, Pinto B, Costa L, Felgueira E, Rebelo I. Increased expression of NLRP3 inflammasome components in granulosa cells and follicular fluid interleukin(IL)-1beta and IL-18 levels in fresh IVF/ICSI cycles in women with endometriosis. Assist Reprod Genet. 2023; 40(1): 191-199. doi: 10.1007/s10815-022-02662-2</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fonseca BM, Pinto B, Costa L, Felgueira E, Rebelo I. Increased expression of NLRP3 inflammasome components in granulosa cells and follicular fluid interleukin(IL)-1beta and IL-18 levels in fresh IVF/ICSI cycles in women with endometriosis. Assist Reprod Genet. 2023; 40(1): 191-199. doi: 10.1007/s10815-022-02662-2</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лапштаева А.В., Сычев И.В., Гончарова Л.Н. Лабораторные предикторы наступления беременности в программах экстракорпорального оплодотворения. Клиническая лабораторная диагностика. 2021; 66(5): 291-296. doi: 10.51620/0869-2084-2021-66-5-291-296</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lapshtaeva AV, Sychev IV, Goncharova LN. Laboratory predictors of pregnancy in vitro fertilization. Russian Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics. 2021; 66(5): 291-296 (In Russ.). doi: 10.51620/0869-2084-2021-66-5-291-296</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yang J, Yang X, Yang H, Bai Y, Zha H, Jiang F, et al. Interleukin 6 in follicular fluid reduces embryo fragmentation and improves the clinical pregnancy rate. Assist Reprod Genet. 2020; 37(5): 1171-1176. doi: 10.1007/s10815-020-01737-2</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yang J, Yang X, Yang H, Bai Y, Zha H, Jiang F, et al. Interleukin 6 in follicular fluid reduces embryo fragmentation and improves the clinical pregnancy rate. Assist Reprod Genet. 2020; 37(5): 1171-1176. doi: 10.1007/s10815-020-01737-2</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stojanovic Gavrilovic AZ, Cekovic JM, Parandilovic AZ, Nikolov AB, Sazdanovic PS, et al. IL-6 of follicular fluid and outcome of in vitro fertilization. Medicine (Baltimore). 2022; 101(29): e29624. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000029624</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stojanovic Gavrilovic AZ, Cekovic JM, Parandilovic AZ, Nikolov AB, Sazdanovic PS, et al. IL-6 of follicular fluid and outcome of in vitro fertilization. Medicine (Baltimore). 2022; 101(29): e29624. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000029624</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ali S, Majid S, Ali MN, Taing S, Rehman MU, Arafah A. Cytokine imbalance at materno-embryonic interface as a potential immune mechanism for recurrent pregnancy loss. Int Immunopharmacol. 2021; 90: 107118. doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107118</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ali S, Majid S, Ali MN, Taing S, Rehman MU, Arafah A. Cytokine imbalance at materno-embryonic interface as a potential immune mechanism for recurrent pregnancy loss. Int Immunopharmacol. 2021; 90: 107118. doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107118</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Molka B, Gwladys B, Dorian B, Lucie M, Mustapha B, Rosalie C, et al. Follicular Fluid Growth Factors and Interleukin Profiling as Potential Predictors of IVF Outcomes. Front Physiol. 2022; 13: 859790. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2022.859790</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Molka B, Gwladys B, Dorian B, Lucie M, Mustapha B, Rosalie C, et al. Follicular Fluid Growth Factors and Interleukin Profiling as Potential Predictors of IVF Outcomes. Front Physiol. 2022; 13: 859790. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2022.859790</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stoecklein KS, Ortega MS, Spate LD, Murphy CN, Prather RS. Improved cryopreservation of in vitro produced bovine embryos using FGF2, LIF, and IGF1. PLoS One. 2021; 16(2): e0243727. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243727</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stoecklein KS, Ortega MS, Spate LD, Murphy CN, Prather RS. Improved cryopreservation of in vitro produced bovine embryos using FGF2, LIF, and IGF1. PLoS One. 2021; 16(2): e0243727. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243727</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Li X, Li C, Yang J, Lin M, Zhou X, Su Z, et al. Associations of the levels of adipokines and cytokines in individual follicles with in vitro fertilization outcomes in women with different ovarian reserves. Ovarian Res. 2025; 18(1): 11. doi: 10.1186/s13048-025-01594-6</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Li X, Li C, Yang J, Lin M, Zhou X, Su Z, et al. Associations of the levels of adipokines and cytokines in individual follicles with in vitro fertilization outcomes in women with different ovarian reserves. Ovarian Res. 2025; 18(1): 11. doi: 10.1186/s13048-025-01594-6</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ozgu-Erdinc AS, Gozukara I, Kahyaoglu S, Yilmaz S, Yumusak OH, Yilmaz N, et al. Is there any role of interleukin-6 and high sensitive C-reactive protein in predicting IVF/ICSI success? A prospective cohort study. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig. 2021; 43(1): 35-40. doi: 10.1515/hmb-ci-2021-0039</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ozgu-Erdinc AS, Gozukara I, Kahyaoglu S, Yilmaz S, Yumusak OH, Yilmaz N, et al. Is there any role of interleukin-6 and high sensitive C-reactive protein in predicting IVF/ICSI success? A prospective cohort study. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig. 2021; 43(1): 35-40. doi: 10.1515/hmb-ci-2021-0039</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hortal M, Fabregat A, Lledo B, Ortiz JA, Moliner B, et al. IL-6/IL-10 and IL-1β/IL-4 ratios associated with poor ovarian response in women undergoing in-vitro fertilization. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2023; 280: 68-72. doi: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2022.11.012</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hortal M, Fabregat A, Lledo B, Ortiz JA, Moliner B, et al. IL-6/IL-10 and IL-1β/IL-4 ratios associated with poor ovarian response in women undergoing in-vitro fertilization. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2023; 280: 68-72. doi: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2022.11.012</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Artini PG, Scarfò G, Marzi I, Fusi J, Obino ME, et al. Oxidative Stress-Related Signaling Pathways Predict Oocytes’ Fertilization In Vitro and Embryo Quality. Int J Mol Sci. 2022; 23(21): 13442. doi: 10.3390/ijms232113442</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Artini PG, Scarfò G, Marzi I, Fusi J, Obino ME, et al. Oxidative Stress-Related Signaling Pathways Predict Oocytes’ Fertilization In Vitro and Embryo Quality. Int J Mol Sci. 2022; 23(21): 13442. doi: 10.3390/ijms232113442</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">İlhan G, Bacanakgil BH, Vuruşkan AK, Eken MK, Karasu AFG, Bilgiç BE, et al. The effect of individual oocyte matched follicular fluid oxidant, antioxidant status, and pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines on IVF outcomes of patients with diminished ovarian reserve. Medicine (Baltimore). 2023; 102(4): e32757. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000032757</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">İlhan G, Bacanakgil BH, Vuruşkan AK, Eken MK, Karasu AFG, Bilgiç BE, et al. The effect of individual oocyte matched follicular fluid oxidant, antioxidant status, and pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines on IVF outcomes of patients with diminished ovarian reserve. Medicine (Baltimore). 2023; 102(4): e32757. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000032757</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pantos K, Grigoriadis S, Maziotis E, Pistola K, Xystra P, et al. The Role of Interleukins in Recurrent Implantation Failure: A Comprehensive Review of the Literature. Int J Mol Sci. 2022; 23(4): 2198. doi: 10.3390/ijms23042198</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pantos K, Grigoriadis S, Maziotis E, Pistola K, Xystra P, et al. The Role of Interleukins in Recurrent Implantation Failure: A Comprehensive Review of the Literature. Int J Mol Sci. 2022; 23(4): 2198. doi: 10.3390/ijms23042198</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Adamczak R, Ukleja-Sokołowska N, Lis K, Bartuzi Z, Dubiel M. Concentrations of matrix metallopeptidase 9, interleukin 4, and interleukin 8 in follicular fluid, and the results of in vitro fertilization. JIntMedRes.2022;50(9): 3000605221125641. doi: 10.1177/03000605221125641</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Adamczak R, Ukleja-Sokołowska N, Lis K, Bartuzi Z, Dubiel M. Concentrations of matrix metallopeptidase 9, interleukin 4, and interleukin 8 in follicular fluid, and the results of in vitro fertilization. JIntMedRes.2022;50(9): 3000605221125641. doi: 10.1177/03000605221125641</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Huang Y, Li Z, Lin E, He P, Ru G. Oxidative damage-induced hyperactive ribosome biogenesis participates in tumorigenesis of offspring by cross-interacting with the Wnt and TGF-β1 pathways in IVF embryos. Exp Mol Med. 2021; 53(11): 1792-1806. doi: 10.1038/s12276-021-00700-0</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Huang Y, Li Z, Lin E, He P, Ru G. Oxidative damage-induced hyperactive ribosome biogenesis participates in tumorigenesis of offspring by cross-interacting with the Wnt and TGF-β1 pathways in IVF embryos. Exp Mol Med. 2021; 53(11): 1792-1806. doi: 10.1038/s12276-021-00700-0</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Massoud G, Spann M, Vaught KC, Das S, Dow M, et al. Biomarkers Assessing the Role of Cumulus Cells on IVF Outcomes: A Systematic Review. JAssist Reprod Genet. 2024; 41(2): 253-275. doi: 10.1007/s10815-023-02984-9</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Massoud G, Spann M, Vaught KC, Das S, Dow M, et al. Biomarkers Assessing the Role of Cumulus Cells on IVF Outcomes: A Systematic Review. JAssist Reprod Genet. 2024; 41(2): 253-275. doi: 10.1007/s10815-023-02984-9</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dang X, Fang L, Jia Q, Wu Z, Guo Y, Liu B, et al. TGF-β1 upregulates secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine expression in human granulosa-lutein cells: a potential mechanism for the pathogenesis of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. Cell Commun Signal. 2023; 21(1): 101. doi: 10.1186/s12964-023-01123-2</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dang X, Fang L, Jia Q, Wu Z, Guo Y, Liu B, et al. TGF-β1 upregulates secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine expression in human granulosa-lutein cells: a potential mechanism for the pathogenesis of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. Cell Commun Signal. 2023; 21(1): 101. doi: 10.1186/s12964-023-01123-2</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Farshchi M, Abdollahi E, Saghafi N, Hosseini A, Fallahi S, Rostami S, et al. Evaluation of Th17 and Treg cytokines in patients with unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss. J Clin Transl Res. 2022; 8(3): 256-265.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Farshchi M, Abdollahi E, Saghafi N, Hosseini A, Fallahi S, Rostami S, et al. Evaluation of Th17 and Treg cytokines in patients with unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss. J Clin Transl Res. 2022; 8(3): 256-265.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lai TH, Chen HT, Wu WB. TGFβ1 induces in-vitro and ex-vivo angiogenesis through VEGF production in human ovarian follicular fluid-derived granulosa cells during in-vitro fertilization cycle. J Reprod Immunol. 2021; 145: 103311. doi: 10.1016/j.jri.2021.103311</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lai TH, Chen HT, Wu WB. TGFβ1 induces in-vitro and ex-vivo angiogenesis through VEGF production in human ovarian follicular fluid-derived granulosa cells during in-vitro fertilization cycle. J Reprod Immunol. 2021; 145: 103311. doi: 10.1016/j.jri.2021.103311</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jiang L, Wen L, Lv X, Tang N, Yuan Y. Comparative efficacy of intrauterine infusion treatments for recurrent implantation failure: a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Assist Reprod Genet. 2025; 42(4): 1177-1190. doi: 10.1007/s10815-025-03436-2</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jiang L, Wen L, Lv X, Tang N, Yuan Y. Comparative efficacy of intrauterine infusion treatments for recurrent implantation failure: a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Assist Reprod Genet. 2025; 42(4): 1177-1190. doi: 10.1007/s10815-025-03436-2</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Assani AD, Boldeanu L, Novac MB, Assani MZ, Siloși I, Boldeanu MV, et al. Angiogenic Imbalance in Preeclampsia: Profiling VEGF A, sFlt1, PlGF, and sFlt1/PlGF Ratios. Int J Mol Sci. 2026; 27(5): 2438. doi: 10.3390/ijms27052438</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Assani AD, Boldeanu L, Novac MB, Assani MZ, Siloși I, Boldeanu MV, et al. Angiogenic Imbalance in Preeclampsia: Profiling VEGF A, sFlt1, PlGF, and sFlt1/PlGF Ratios. Int J Mol Sci. 2026; 27(5): 2438. doi: 10.3390/ijms27052438</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Elmi M, Ghandil P, Hemadi M, Birgani MT, Saberi A. Association of rs1570360 and rs2010963 in VEGF and rs2279744 in the MDM2 gene with Recurrent Implantation Failure in Iranian Women. JBRA Assist Reprod. 2023; 27(3): 342-347. doi: 10.5935/1518-0557.20220062</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Elmi M, Ghandil P, Hemadi M, Birgani MT, Saberi A. Association of rs1570360 and rs2010963 in VEGF and rs2279744 in the MDM2 gene with Recurrent Implantation Failure in Iranian Women. JBRA Assist Reprod. 2023; 27(3): 342-347. doi: 10.5935/1518-0557.20220062</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang S, Fang L, Cong L, Jia Q, Wu W, Zhao M, et al. The Therapeutic Potential of EGCG and Pro-EGCG in Mitigating Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome: Unraveling the Modulatory Mechanism through the VEGF Pathway. Int J Biol Sci. 2025; 21(7): 3045-3060. doi: 10.7150/ijbs.98653</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang S, Fang L, Cong L, Jia Q, Wu W, Zhao M, et al. The Therapeutic Potential of EGCG and Pro-EGCG in Mitigating Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome: Unraveling the Modulatory Mechanism through the VEGF Pathway. Int J Biol Sci. 2025; 21(7): 3045-3060. doi: 10.7150/ijbs.98653</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Доброхотова Ю.Э., Боровкова Е.И., Нугуманова О.Р. Улучшение процессов ангиогенеза и репродуктивных исходов у пациенток с хроническим эндометритом. Акушерство и гинекология. 2021; 3: 145-152. doi: 10.18565/aig.2021.3.145-152</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dobrokhotova YuE, Borovkova EI, Nugumanova OR. Improvement of angiogenesis and reproductive outcomes in patients with chronic endometritis. Obstetrics and gynecology. 2021; 3: 145-152. (In Russ.). doi: 10.18565/aig.2021.3.145-152</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit47"><label>47</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Perfilova VN, Muzyko EA, Tikhaeva KY, Kustova MV, Mukhina AV, et al. Assessment of VEGF and TNF-alpha levels in patients with an unexpectedly poor and suboptimal response during the treatment of infertility using ART methods. Research Results in Pharmacology. 2024; 10(2): 1–9. doi: 10.18413/rrpharmacology.10.437</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Perfilova VN, Muzyko EA, Tikhaeva KY, Kustova MV, Mukhina AV, et al. Assessment of VEGF and TNF-alpha levels in patients with an unexpectedly poor and suboptimal response during the treatment of infertility using ART methods. Research Results in Pharmacology. 2024; 10(2): 1–9. doi: 10.18413/rrpharmacology.10.437</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit48"><label>48</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Armstrong S, MacKenzie J, Woodward B, Pacey A, Farquhar C. GM-CSF (granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor) supplementation in culture media for women undergoing assisted reproduction. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020; 7(7): CD013497. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD013497.pub2</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Armstrong S, MacKenzie J, Woodward B, Pacey A, Farquhar C. GM-CSF (granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor) supplementation in culture media for women undergoing assisted reproduction. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020; 7(7): CD013497. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD013497.pub2</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit49"><label>49</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rodriguez-Wallberg KA, Munding B, Ziebe S, Robertson SA. GM-CSF does not rescue poor-quality embryos: secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2020; 301(5): 1341-1346. doi: 10.1007/s00404-020-05532-3</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rodriguez-Wallberg KA, Munding B, Ziebe S, Robertson SA. GM-CSF does not rescue poor-quality embryos: secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2020; 301(5): 1341-1346. doi: 10.1007/s00404-020-05532-3</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit50"><label>50</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Choi JW, Kim SW, Kim HS, Kang MJ, Kim SA, et al. Effects of Melatonin, GM-CSF, IGF-1, and LIF in Culture Media on Embryonic Development: Potential Benefits of Individualization. Int J Mol Sci. 2024; 25(2): 751. doi: 10.3390/ijms25020751</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Choi JW, Kim SW, Kim HS, Kang MJ, Kim SA, et al. Effects of Melatonin, GM-CSF, IGF-1, and LIF in Culture Media on Embryonic Development: Potential Benefits of Individualization. Int J Mol Sci. 2024; 25(2): 751. doi: 10.3390/ijms25020751</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit51"><label>51</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sipahi M, Mümüşoğlu S, Coşkun Akçay N, Sever A, Yeğenoğlu H, Bozdağ G, et al. The impact of using culture media containing granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor on live birth rates in patients with a history of embryonic developmental arrest in previous in vitro fertilization cycles. J Turk Ger Gynecol Assoc. 2021; 22(3): 181-186. doi: 10.4274/jtgga.galenos.2021.2020.0168</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sipahi M, Mümüşoğlu S, Coşkun Akçay N, Sever A, Yeğenoğlu H, Bozdağ G, et al. The impact of using culture media containing granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor on live birth rates in patients with a history of embryonic developmental arrest in previous in vitro fertilization cycles. J Turk Ger Gynecol Assoc. 2021; 22(3): 181-186. doi: 10.4274/jtgga.galenos.2021.2020.0168</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit52"><label>52</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Scarpellini F, Sbracia M. Modification of peripheric Treg and CD56brightNK levels in RIF women after egg donation, treated with GM-CSF or placebo. J Reprod Immunol. 2023; 158: 103983. doi: 10.1016/j.jri.2023.103983</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Scarpellini F, Sbracia M. Modification of peripheric Treg and CD56brightNK levels in RIF women after egg donation, treated with GM-CSF or placebo. J Reprod Immunol. 2023; 158: 103983. doi: 10.1016/j.jri.2023.103983</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit53"><label>53</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sehgal A, Irvine KM, Hume DA. Functions of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (CSF1) in development, homeostasis, and tissue repair. SeminImmunol. 2021; 54: 101509. doi: 10.1016/j.smim.2021.101509</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sehgal A, Irvine KM, Hume DA. Functions of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (CSF1) in development, homeostasis, and tissue repair. SeminImmunol. 2021; 54: 101509. doi: 10.1016/j.smim.2021.101509</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit54"><label>54</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ahmad SF, Duncan WC, Campbell LL, Beaty RE, Koscielniak M, Collins F, et al. Targeting colony stimulating factor-1 receptor signalling to treat ectopic pregnancy. Sci Rep. 2020; 10(1): 15638. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-72785-y</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ahmad SF, Duncan WC, Campbell LL, Beaty RE, Koscielniak M, Collins F, et al. Targeting colony stimulating factor-1 receptor signalling to treat ectopic pregnancy. Sci Rep. 2020; 10(1): 15638. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-72785-y</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit55"><label>55</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhao X, Yan L, Ji S, Zhang Y, Ha L, He C, et al. Colony-stimulating factor 1 positive (CSF1+) secretory epithelial cells induce excessive trophoblast invasion in tubal pregnancy rupture. Cell Prolif. 2023; 56(7): e13408. doi: 10.1111/cpr.13408</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhao X, Yan L, Ji S, Zhang Y, Ha L, He C, et al. Colony-stimulating factor 1 positive (CSF1+) secretory epithelial cells induce excessive trophoblast invasion in tubal pregnancy rupture. Cell Prolif. 2023; 56(7): e13408. doi: 10.1111/cpr.13408</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit56"><label>56</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bardos J, Fiorentino D, Longman RE, Paidas M. Immunological role of the maternal uterine microbiome in pregnancy: pregnancies pathologies and alterated microbiota. Front Immunol. 2020; 10: 2823. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02823</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bardos J, Fiorentino D, Longman RE, Paidas M. Immunological role of the maternal uterine microbiome in pregnancy: pregnancies pathologies and alterated microbiota. Front Immunol. 2020; 10: 2823. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02823</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit57"><label>57</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lapshtaeva AV, Sychev IV, Adamchik AI. CSF-1/ CSF1R system as predictor of live birth after induced pregnancy. Russian Journal of Immunology. 2025; 28(3): 585-590. doi: 10.46235/1028-7221-17199-CCS</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lapshtaeva AV, Sychev IV, Adamchik AI. CSF-1/ CSF1R system as predictor of live birth after induced pregnancy. Russian Journal of Immunology. 2025; 28(3): 585-590. doi: 10.46235/1028-7221-17199-CCS</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit58"><label>58</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">LiuY, LiLM,ChenHQ, FengT, ZhouWJ, LiuY, etal. Experimental Study on the Characteristic Changes of the Immunological Microenvironment at the Maternal-Fetal Interface in IVF-ET Pregnancy. Sichuan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban. 2023; 54(2): 350-356. doi: 10.12182/20230160511</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">LiuY, LiLM,ChenHQ, FengT, ZhouWJ, LiuY, etal. Experimental Study on the Characteristic Changes of the Immunological Microenvironment at the Maternal-Fetal Interface in IVF-ET Pregnancy. Sichuan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban. 2023; 54(2): 350-356. doi: 10.12182/20230160511</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit59"><label>59</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jain M, Samokhodskaya L, Mladova E, Panina O. Mucosal biomarkers for endometrial receptivity: A promising yet underexplored aspect of reproductive medicine. Syst Biol Reprod Med. 2022; 68(1): 13-24. doi: 10.1080/19396368.2021.1985186</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jain M, Samokhodskaya L, Mladova E, Panina O. Mucosal biomarkers for endometrial receptivity: A promising yet underexplored aspect of reproductive medicine. Syst Biol Reprod Med. 2022; 68(1): 13-24. doi: 10.1080/19396368.2021.1985186</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit60"><label>60</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Xiang Y, Wang H, Ding H, Xu T, Liu X, Huang Z, et al. Hyperandrogenism drives ovarian inflammation and pyroptosis: A possible pathogenesis of PCOS follicular dysplasia. Int Immunopharmacol. 2023; 125(Pt A): 111141. doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111141</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Xiang Y, Wang H, Ding H, Xu T, Liu X, Huang Z, et al. Hyperandrogenism drives ovarian inflammation and pyroptosis: A possible pathogenesis of PCOS follicular dysplasia. Int Immunopharmacol. 2023; 125(Pt A): 111141. doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111141</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit61"><label>61</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Molka B, Gwladys B, Dorian B, Lucie M, Mustapha B, Rosalie C, et al. Follicular Fluid Growth Factors and Interleukin Profiling as Potential Predictors of IVF Outcomes. Front Physiol. 2022; 13: 859790. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2022.859790</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Molka B, Gwladys B, Dorian B, Lucie M, Mustapha B, Rosalie C, et al. Follicular Fluid Growth Factors and Interleukin Profiling as Potential Predictors of IVF Outcomes. Front Physiol. 2022; 13: 859790. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2022.859790</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit62"><label>62</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Turienzo A, Lledó B, Ortiz JA, Morales R, Sanz J, Llácer J, et al. Prevalence of candidate single nucleotide polymorphisms on p53, IL-11, IL-10, VEGF and APOE in patients with repeated implantation failure (RIF) and pregnancy loss (RPL). Hum Fertil (Camb). 2020; 23(2): 117-122. doi: 10.1080/14647273.2018.1524935</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Turienzo A, Lledó B, Ortiz JA, Morales R, Sanz J, Llácer J, et al. Prevalence of candidate single nucleotide polymorphisms on p53, IL-11, IL-10, VEGF and APOE in patients with repeated implantation failure (RIF) and pregnancy loss (RPL). Hum Fertil (Camb). 2020; 23(2): 117-122. doi: 10.1080/14647273.2018.1524935</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit63"><label>63</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kaislasuo J, Simpson S, Petersen JF, Peng G, Aldo P, Lokkegaard E, et al. IL-10 to TNFα ratios throughout early first trimester can discriminate healthy pregnancies from pregnancy losses. Am J Reprod Immunol. 2020; 83(1): e13195. doi: 10.1111/aji.13195</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kaislasuo J, Simpson S, Petersen JF, Peng G, Aldo P, Lokkegaard E, et al. IL-10 to TNFα ratios throughout early first trimester can discriminate healthy pregnancies from pregnancy losses. Am J Reprod Immunol. 2020; 83(1): e13195. doi: 10.1111/aji.13195</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit64"><label>64</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wu L, Liu D, Fang X, Zhang Y, Guo N, Lu F, et al. Increased serum IL-12 levels are associated with adverse IVF outcomes. J Reprod Immunol. 2023; 159: 103990. doi: 10.1016/j.jri.2023.103990</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wu L, Liu D, Fang X, Zhang Y, Guo N, Lu F, et al. Increased serum IL-12 levels are associated with adverse IVF outcomes. J Reprod Immunol. 2023; 159: 103990. doi: 10.1016/j.jri.2023.103990</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit65"><label>65</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liu Y, Liu H, Li Z, Fan H, Yan X, Liu X, et al. The Release of Peripheral Immune Inflammatory Cytokines Promote an Inflammatory Cascade in PCOS Patients via Altering the Follicular Microenvironment. Front Immunol. 2021; 12: 685724. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.685724</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liu Y, Liu H, Li Z, Fan H, Yan X, Liu X, et al. The Release of Peripheral Immune Inflammatory Cytokines Promote an Inflammatory Cascade in PCOS Patients via Altering the Follicular Microenvironment. Front Immunol. 2021; 12: 685724. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.685724</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit66"><label>66</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ahmadi H, Fathi F, Karimi H, Amidi F, Mehdinejadiani S, Moeini A, et al. Altered TH1, TH2, TH17 balance in assisted reproductive technology conceived mice. J Reprod Immunol. 2020; 139: 103117. doi: 10.1016/j.jri.2020.103117</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ahmadi H, Fathi F, Karimi H, Amidi F, Mehdinejadiani S, Moeini A, et al. Altered TH1, TH2, TH17 balance in assisted reproductive technology conceived mice. J Reprod Immunol. 2020; 139: 103117. doi: 10.1016/j.jri.2020.103117</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit67"><label>67</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Benkhalifa M, Joao F, Duval C, Montjean D, Bouricha M, Cabry R, et al. Endometrium Immunomodulation to Prevent Recurrent Implantation Failure in Assisted Reproductive Technology. Int J Mol Sci. 2022; 23(21): 12787. doi: 10.3390/ijms232112787</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Benkhalifa M, Joao F, Duval C, Montjean D, Bouricha M, Cabry R, et al. Endometrium Immunomodulation to Prevent Recurrent Implantation Failure in Assisted Reproductive Technology. Int J Mol Sci. 2022; 23(21): 12787. doi: 10.3390/ijms232112787</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit68"><label>68</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">İlhan G, Bacanakgil BH, Vuruşkan AK, Eken MK, Karasu AFG, Bilgiç BE, et al. The effect of individual oocyte matched follicular fluid oxidant, antioxidant status, and pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines on IVF outcomes of patients with diminished ovarian reserve. Medicine (Baltimore). 2023; 102(4): e32757. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000032757</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">İlhan G, Bacanakgil BH, Vuruşkan AK, Eken MK, Karasu AFG, Bilgiç BE, et al. The effect of individual oocyte matched follicular fluid oxidant, antioxidant status, and pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines on IVF outcomes of patients with diminished ovarian reserve. Medicine (Baltimore). 2023; 102(4): e32757. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000032757</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
