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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">actabiomedica</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Acta Biomedica Scientifica</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Acta Biomedica Scientifica</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2541-9420</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-9596</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific Centre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29413/ABS.2026-11.2.22</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">actabiomedica-6060</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ТРАВМАТОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>TRAUMATOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Факторы риска формирования ложного сустава плечевой кости (ретроспективное исследование)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Risk factors for the formation of a humerus false joint (retrospective study)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4043-4164</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хорак</surname><given-names>К. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Horak</surname><given-names>K. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Хорак Константин Иосифович – врач травматолог-ортопед.</p><p>195427, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Академика Байкова, 8</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Konstantin I. Horak – traumatologist-orthopedist, Vreden National Medical Research Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics.</p><p>Baikova str. 8, St. Petersburg 1954278</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kostet0808@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7179-4851</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коган</surname><given-names>П. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kogan</surname><given-names>P. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Коган Павел Геннадьевич – кандидат медицинских наук, врач травматолог-ортопед.</p><p>195427, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Академика Байкова, 8</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pavel G. Kogan – Cand. Sc. (Med.), traumatologist-orthopedist, Vreden National Medical Research Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics.</p><p>Baikova str. 8, St. Petersburg 1954278</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kostet0808@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8199-7161</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Парфеев</surname><given-names>Д. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Parfeev</surname><given-names>D. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Парфеев Дмитрий Геннадьевич – кандидат медицинских наук, врач травматолог-ортопед.</p><p>195427, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Академика Байкова, 8</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitriy G. Parfeev – Cand. Sc. (Med.), traumatologist-orthopedist, Vreden National Medical Research Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics.</p><p>Baikova str. 8, St. Petersburg 1954278</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kostet0808@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4653-6352</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рустамов</surname><given-names>Р. Ш.у.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rustamov</surname><given-names>R. Sh.u.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Рустамов Рухидин Шамсиддин угли — ординатор.</p><p>194100, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Литовская, 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Rukhidin Sh.u. Rustamov – resident, Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University.</p><p>Litovskaya str. 2, St. Petersburg 194100</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kostet0808@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6470-0571</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кроляк</surname><given-names>Д. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Krolyak</surname><given-names>D. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кроляк Дмитрий Игоревич – врач-травматолог-ортопед.</p><p>195427, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Академика Байкова, 8</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitriy I. Krolyak – traumatologist-orthopedist, Vreden National Medical Research Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics.</p><p>Baikova str. 8, St. Petersburg 1954278</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kostet0808@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4213-5379</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Морозов</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Morozov</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Морозов Артем Михайлович – кандидат медицинских наук, доцент, доцент кафедры общей хирургии.</p><p>170100, Тверская Область, Тверь, ул. Советская, 4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Artem M. Morozov – Cand. Sc. (Med.), Associate Professor of the Department of General Surgery, Tver State Medical University.</p><p>Sovetskaya str.4, Tver 170100</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ammorozovv@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4329-2539</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пискарева</surname><given-names>М. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Piskareva</surname><given-names>M. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пискарева Мария Евгеньевна – студентка 4 курса.</p><p>117997, Москва, ул. Островитянова, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maria E. Piskareva – 4th year student, N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University.</p><p>Ostrovityanova str.1, Moscow 117997</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">maria-piskareva@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «НМИЦ ТО им. Р.Р. Вредена» Минздрава России</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Vreden National Medical Research Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Санкт-Петербургский государственный педиатрический медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Тверской государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Tver State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>27</day><month>05</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>232</fpage><lpage>240</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Хорак К.И., Коган П.Г., Парфеев Д.Г., Рустамов Р.Ш., Кроляк Д.И., Морозов А.М., Пискарева М.Е., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Хорак К.И., Коган П.Г., Парфеев Д.Г., Рустамов Р.Ш., Кроляк Д.И., Морозов А.М., Пискарева М.Е.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Horak K.I., Kogan P.G., Parfeev D.G., Rustamov R.S., Krolyak D.I., Morozov A.M., Piskareva M.E.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.actabiomedica.ru/jour/article/view/6060">https://www.actabiomedica.ru/jour/article/view/6060</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Обоснование</title><p>Обоснование. Ложные суставы встречаются относительно редко, но в то же время представляют собой одно из наиболее серьезных осложнений в травматологии и ортопедической хирургии, при этом выделяют множество факторов, увеличивающих риск их образования.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Выделить факторы риска формирования ложных суставов плечевой кости, а также определить степень их значимости посредством ретроспективного сравнительного анализа собственного клинического материала и данных литературы.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Клиническую базу составили 176 пациентов с ложными суставами диафиза плечевой кости, которым на базе клиники в период с 2012 по 2022 год было проведено оперативное лечение псевдоартроза диафиза плечевой кости. Было изучено влияние характера перелома, методики остеосинтеза, варианта костной пластики, демографических характеристик и образа жизни на формирование развития ложного сустава. Результаты. К ложному суставу чаще всего приводили типы переломов В2 и А2, особенно при наличии в анамнезе 1 или 2 предшествовавших операций их риск возрастает более чем до 20 %. Время сращения типа C3 в 100 % случаев занимало не менее 8 месяцев при лечении без использования костной аутопластики и не менее 6 месяцев при ее использовании. Курение и пожилой возраст удлинили процесс костного сращения в группе без аутопластики до 8 месяцев в 47,7 % и 56,3 % соответственно, в то время как в группе со свободной аутопластикой подобная тенденция наблюдалась у больных с ожирением: в 50 % случаев время сращения заняло 8 месяцев.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Получены новые данные о степени влияния различных факторов на формирование ложного сустава плечевой кости. Анализ данной информации поможет спрогнозировать неблагоприятный анатомический и функциональный результат лечения и избежать его возникновения.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. False joints are relatively rare, but they also represent one of the most serious complications in trauma and orthopedic surgery, highlighting many factors that increase the risk of their formation.</p></sec><sec><title>Aims</title><p>Aims. To identify the risk factors of formation of false shoulder joints, as well as to determine the degree of their significance through a retrospective comparative analysis of own clinical material and literature data.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The clinical base consisted of 176 patients with false shoulder diaphragm joints, who in the period from 2012 to 2022 were provided with operative treatment for pseudoarthrosis of the humerus. The influence of fracture nature, osteossynthesis techniques, bone plastic options, demographic characteristics and lifestyle on the formation of false joint development was studied.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The false joint was most often attributed to types of fractures B2 and A2, especially if there is a history of 1 or 2 previous operations, their risk increases to more than 20 %. Type C3 copulation time in 100 % of cases was at least 8 months when treated without use of bone autoplastic and at least 6 months when used. Smoking and old age have lengthened the bone fusion process in a group without an autoplastic to 8 months at 47.7 % and 56.3 %, respectively, while in a group with a free autoplastic the same trend was observed in obese patients: in 50 % of cases the seeding time took 8 months.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. New data on the degree of influence of various factors on the formation of false joint of the humerus were obtained. Analysis of this information will help to predict adverse anatomical and functional outcome of treatment and avoid its occurrence.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ложный сустав</kwd><kwd>псевдоартроз</kwd><kwd>плечевая кость</kwd><kwd>переломы</kwd><kwd>классификация переломов</kwd><kwd>несращение</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>false joint</kwd><kwd>pseudoarthrosis</kwd><kwd>humerus</kwd><kwd>fractures</kwd><kwd>fracture classification</kwd><kwd>failure</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bergdahl C, Ekholm C, Wennergren D, et al. Epidemiology and patho-anatomical pattern of 2,011 humeral fractures: data from the Swedish Fracture Register. 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