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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">actabiomedica</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Acta Biomedica Scientifica</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Acta Biomedica Scientifica</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2541-9420</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-9596</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific Centre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29413/ABS.2026-11.2.24</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">actabiomedica-6058</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ХИРУРГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SURGERY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Диагностические особенности грыжи пищеводного отверстия диафрагмы: ретроспективное когортное исследование</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Diagnostic features of hiatal hernia: a retrospective cohort study</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8921-0028</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бабажонов</surname><given-names>А. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Babajonov</surname><given-names>A. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бабажонов Ахмаджон Баходирович – ассистент кафедры хирургических болезней в семейной медицине.</p><p>100109, Ташкент, ул. Фараби 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Akhmadjon B. Babajonov – assistant of the Department of Surgical Diseases in Family Medicine, Tashkent State Medical University.</p><p>Farabi 2, Tashkent 100109</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">babadjan.md@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4878-7354</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хайитов</surname><given-names>И. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khayitov</surname><given-names>I. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Хайитов Илхом Баходирович – доктор медицинских наук, доцент кафедры хирургических болезней в семейной медицине.</p><p>100109, Ташкент, ул. Фараби 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ilkhom B. Khayitov – Dr. Sc. (Med.), Associate Professor of the Department of Surgical Diseases in Family Medicine, Tashkent State Medical University.</p><p>Farabi 2, Tashkent 100109</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ilhom.med.1979@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-6636-7056</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Югай</surname><given-names>Д. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yugay</surname><given-names>D. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Югай Диана Игоревна – магистрант кафедры хирургических болезней в семейной медицине.</p><p>100109, Ташкент, ул. Фараби 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Diana I. Yugay – master of the Department of Surgical Diseases in Family Medicine, Tashkent State Medical University.</p><p>Farabi 2, Tashkent 100109</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yugaydiana@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Ташкентский Государственный Медицинский Университет</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Tashkent State Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>27</day><month>05</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>249</fpage><lpage>256</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Бабажонов А.Б., Хайитов И.Б., Югай Д.И., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бабажонов А.Б., Хайитов И.Б., Югай Д.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Babajonov A.B., Khayitov I.B., Yugay D.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.actabiomedica.ru/jour/article/view/6058">https://www.actabiomedica.ru/jour/article/view/6058</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Точная предоперационная диагностика размеров грыжи пищеводного отверстия диафрагмы (ГПОД) критически важна для планирования хирургического вмешательства, поскольку недооценка параметров грыжи может привести к неадекватному выбору техники операции и увеличению риска рецидивов. Разработка эффективного алгоритма диагностики с применением современных методов визуализации способствует повышению качества хирургического лечения и снижению частоты неблагоприятных исходов.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Оценить диагностическую точность различных методов визуализации при ГПОД и определить оптимальный алгоритм предоперационного обследования для улучшения результатов хирургического лечения.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В ретроспективное когортное исследование включен 81 пациент с ГПОД (51 женщина, 30 мужчин; средний возраст 44,5 ± 12,3 года), которым выполнено лапароскопическое лечение в период с января 2019 по декабрь 2024 года. Всем пациентам проводилась эзофагогастродуоденоскопия (ЭГДС), при выявлении несоответствий между клинической картиной и эндоскопическими размерами дополнительно выполнялись рентгеноконтрастное исследование (n = 49, 60,5 %), мультиспиральная компьютерная томография (МСКТ, n =29, 35,8 %), а также МСКТ с контрастированием (n =14, 17,3 %). Размеры ГПОД определялись предоперационно и интраоперационно с последующим статистическим анализом диагностической точности методов.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Предоперационные размеры ГПОД распределены по группам: ≤ 35 мм – 46 пациентов (56,8 %), 35–50 мм – 26 пациентов (32,1 %), &gt; 50 мм – 9 пациентов (11,1 %). У 59 пациентов (72,8 %)интраоперационные размеры превышали предоперационную оценку по данным ЭГДС в среднем на 8,4 ± 3,1 мм. Наибольшие расхождения отмечены при ГПОД &gt; 50 мм (13,8 ± 4,2 мм). МСКТ с контрастированием показала наивысшую диагностическую точность: чувствительность 95,1 %, специфичность 90,2 %, превосходя ЭГДС (91,8 % и 75,4 %) и рентгеноконтрастное исследование (86,7 % и 82,1 %). При наблюдении в течение 6–36 месяцев полное исчезновение симптомов достигнуто у 84,2 % пациентов, частота рецидивов составила 3,9 %.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Дифференцированный подход к диагностике ГПОД с использованием МСКТ в качестве метода выбора обеспечивает высокую точность предоперационного планирования и улучшает результаты лечения.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. Accurate preoperative diagnosis of hiatal hernia dimensions is critically important for surgical planning, as underestimation of hernia parameters may lead to inadequate selection of surgical techniques and increased risk of recurrence. Development of an effective diagnostic algorithm using modern imaging methods contributes to improved quality of surgical treatment and reduced frequency of adverse outcomes.</p></sec><sec><title>Aims</title><p>Aims. To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of various imaging methods for hiatal hernia and determine the optimal preoperative examination algorithm to improve surgical treatment outcomes.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. This retrospective cohort study included 81 patients with hiatal hernia (51 women, 30 men; mean age 44.5 ± 12.3 years) who underwent laparoscopic treatment between January 2019 and December 2024. All patients underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD). When discrepancies were identified between the clinical presentation and endoscopic measurements, additional diagnostic imaging was performed: contrast radiography (n = 49, 60.5 %), multislice computed tomography (MSCT, n = 29, 35.8 %), and contrast-enhanced MSCT (n = 14, 17.3 %). Hiatal hernia dimensions were determined preoperatively and intraoperatively, followed by statistical analysis of diagnostic accuracy.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Preoperative hiatal hernia dimensions were distributed as follows: ≤ 35 mm – 46 patients (56.8 %), 35–50 mm – 26 patients (32.1 %), &gt; 50 mm – 9 patients (11.1 %). In 59 patients (72.8 %), intraoperative dimensions exceeded preoperative EGD estimates by an average of 8.4 ± 3.1 mm. The greatest discrepancies were observed in hernias &gt;50 mm (13.8 ±4.2 mm). Contrast-enhanced MSCT demonstrated the highest diagnostic accuracy: sensitivity 95.1 %, specificity 90.2 %, surpassing EGD (91.8 % and 75.4 %) and contrast radiography (86.7 % and 82.1 %). During 6–36 months follow-up, complete symptom resolution was achieved in 84.2 % of patients, with recurrence rate of 3.9 %.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. A differentiated approach to hiatal hernia diagnosis using MSCT as the method of choice ensures high accuracy of preoperative planning and improves treatment outcomes.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>грыжа пищеводного отверстия диафрагмы</kwd><kwd>диагностика ГПОД</kwd><kwd>МСКТ</kwd><kwd>лапароскопическая хирургия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>hernia</kwd><kwd>hiatal</kwd><kwd>diagnosis</kwd><kwd>multidetector computed tomography</kwd><kwd>laparoscopic surgery</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено без внешнего финансирования в рамках научно-исследовательской работы кафедры хирургических болезней в семейной медицине Ташкентского Государственного Медицинского Университета.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kohn GP, Price RR, DeMeester SR, et al. 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