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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">actabiomedica</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Acta Biomedica Scientifica</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Acta Biomedica Scientifica</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2541-9420</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-9596</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific Centre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29413/ABS.2026-11.2.7</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">actabiomedica-6057</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>НЕВРОЛОГИЯ И НЕЙРОХИРУРГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>NEUROLOGY AND NEUROSURGERY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Туннельные синдромы срединного нерва: современные подходы к диагностике и терапии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Median nerve entrapment syndromes: current approaches to diagnosis and therapy</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8841-3661</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кадочников</surname><given-names>Е. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kadochnikov</surname><given-names>E. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кадочников Егор Игоревич - аспирант кафедры неврологии и нейрохирургии.</p><p>664049, Иркутск, м-н Юбилейный, 100</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Egor I. Kadochnikov - postgraduate student of the Departament of Neurology and Neurosurgeon, Irkutsk State Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education -Branch of Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education.</p><p>664049, Irkutsk, Yubileyny, 100</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">libepi@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1447-7032</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Стефаниди</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Stefanidi</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Стефаниди Александр Владимирович - доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры физической и реабилитационной медицины.</p><p>664049, Иркутск, м-н Юбилейный, 100</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander V. Stefanidi - Dr. Sc. (Med.), Professor of the Department of physical medical rehabilitation, Irkutsk State Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education -Branch of Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education.</p><p>664049, Irkutsk, Yubileyny, 100</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">stefanidiav@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5288-6964</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Костина</surname><given-names>У. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kostina</surname><given-names>U. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Костина Ульяна Сергеевна - кандидат медицинских наук, ассистент кафедры неврологии и нейрохирургии.</p><p>664049, Иркутск, м-н Юбилейный, 100</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ulyana S. Kostina - Cand. Sc. (Med.), Assistant Professor of the Department of neurology and neurosurgeon, Irkutsk State Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education - Branch of Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education.</p><p>664049, Irkutsk, Yubileyny, 100</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ulyana.kostina.igmapo@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1650-1275</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шпрах</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sprakh</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шпрах Владимир Викторович - доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий кафедры неврологии и нейрохирургии.</p><p>664049, Иркутск, м-н Юбилейный, 100</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir V. Shprakh - Dr. Sc. (Med.), Head of the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgeon, Irkutsk State Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education - Branch of Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education.</p><p>664049, Irkutsk, Yubileyny, 100</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shprakh_vv@igmapo.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Иркутская государственная медицинская академия последипломного образования – филиал ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Irkutsk State Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education – Branch of Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>27</day><month>05</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>63</fpage><lpage>71</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кадочников Е.И., Стефаниди А.В., Костина У.С., Шпрах В.В., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кадочников Е.И., Стефаниди А.В., Костина У.С., Шпрах В.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kadochnikov E.I., Stefanidi A.V., Kostina U.S., Sprakh V.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.actabiomedica.ru/jour/article/view/6057">https://www.actabiomedica.ru/jour/article/view/6057</self-uri><abstract><p>В настоящее время в сфере неврологии, ортопедии и реабилитационной медицины большое значение придается исследованиям компрессионных невропатий верхних конечностей. Особое внимание уделяется патологиям, затрагивающим срединный нерв, который имеет важнейшее значение для обеспечения точности движений кисти и чувствительности ладонной поверхности пальцев. В случае существенной продолжительной компрессии нерва или при длительном отсутствии адекватного лечения повышается риск формирования стойкого неврологического дефицита.</p><p>Цель обзора литературы. Систематизация научных публикаций и клинических исследований, направленных на рассмотрение вопроса компрессионной невропатии срединного нерва (синдрома круглого пронатора и синдрома запястного канала).</p><p>Анализ источников позволяет говорить о том, что прогноз при таких заболеваниях, как синдром круглого пронатора и синдром запястного канала зависит от ряда ключевых факторов. Прежде всего, имеет значение, насколько быстро удастся поставить правильный диагноз. Одним из главных результатов является оценка роли электронейромилографии (ЭНМГ) в диагностике компрессионных невропатий. Стоит отметить, что ЭНМГ на ранних стадиях развития невропатии не всегда позволяет получить полную информацию о состоянии пациента. Нормальные результаты ЭНМГ на начальных этапах синдрома запястного канала или при динамических формах болезни не могут служить основанием для исключения диагноза. В таких случаях более ценными могут оказаться другие методы диагностики, например, ультразвуковая нейрография и ЭНМГ, проведённая по расширенным протоколам – они повышают точность и информативность обследования. При раннем выявлении компрессии нерва часто удаётся полностью избавиться от симптомов с помощью консервативных методов лечения. Однако, если нерв подвергся значительной компрессии или пациент долго не получал должной помощи, возникает опасность дегенерации нервных волокон. К хирургической декомпрессии обычно прибегают в двух случаях: когда консервативные методы не дали нужного эффекта или степень сдавливания нерва слишком велика.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Currently, research into compression neuropathies of the upper limbs is of great importance in the fields of neurology, orthopedics, and rehabilitation medicine. Particular attention is paid to pathologies affecting the median nerve, which is crucial for ensuring precise hand movements and sensitivity of the palmar surface of the fingers. In the case of significant prolonged nerve compression or prolonged lack of adequate treatment, the risk of persistent neurological deficit increases.</p><p>Purpose of the literature review. To systematize scientific publications and clinical studies focusing on compression neuropathy of the median nerve (pronator teres syndrome and carpal tunnel syndrome).</p><p>Analysis of sources suggests that the prognosis for conditions such as pronator teres syndrome and carpal tunnel syndrome depends on several key factors. First and foremost,itisimportanthowquicklyacorrect diagnosiscanbeestablished. Oneofthemain findings is the assessment of the role of electroneuromyography (ENMG) in the diagnosis of compression neuropathies. It is worth noting that ENMG in the early stages of neuropathy does not always provide complete information about the patient’s condition. Normal ENMG results in the initial stages of carpal tunnel syndrome or in dynamic forms of the disease cannot serve as grounds for ruling out the diagnosis. In such cases, other diagnostic methods may be more valuable, such as ultrasound neurography and ENMG performed using extended protocols – these enhance the accuracy and informativeness of the examination. When nerve compression is detected early, it is often possible to completely eliminate symptoms using conservative treatment methods. However, if the nerve has undergone significant compression or the patient has not received proper care for a long time, there is a risk of nerve fiber degeneration. Surgical decompression is typically resorted to in two cases: when conservative methods have not produced the desired effect, or when the degree of nerve compression is too severe.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>синдром запястного канала</kwd><kwd>синдром круглого пронатора</kwd><kwd>компрессия срединного нерва</kwd><kwd>туннельная невропатия</kwd><kwd>невропатия</kwd><kwd>диагностика синдрома запястного канала</kwd><kwd>лечение синдрома запястного канала</kwd><kwd>тест Фалена</kwd><kwd>тест Тинеля</kwd><kwd>тест Дуркана</kwd><kwd>проба Эдсона</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>carpal tunnel syndrome</kwd><kwd>pronator teres syndrome</kwd><kwd>median nerve compression</kwd><kwd>entrapment neuropathy</kwd><kwd>neuropathy</kwd><kwd>diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome</kwd><kwd>treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome</kwd><kwd>Phalen test</kwd><kwd>Tinel test</kwd><kwd>Durkan test</kwd><kwd>Edson test</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">McGurk K, Tracey JA, Daley DN, Daly CA. 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