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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">actabiomedica</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Acta Biomedica Scientifica</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Acta Biomedica Scientifica</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2541-9420</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-9596</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific Centre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29413/ABS.2026-11.1.6</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">actabiomedica-5907</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГЕНЕТИКА, ПРОТЕОМИКА И МЕТАБОЛОМИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>GENETICS, PROTEOMICS AND METABOLOMICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Компаунд-гетерозиготность как причина диагностических трудностей у пациентов с наследственными заболеваниями</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Compound heterozygosity as a cause of diagnostic difficulties in patients with hereditary diseases</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1388-1842</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лобанов</surname><given-names>М. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lobanov</surname><given-names>M. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лобанов Михаил Евгеньевич - врач-педиатр, ординатор кафедры госпитальной педиатрии и неонатологии.</p><p>410012, Саратов, ул. Большая Казачья, д. 112</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mikhail E. Lobanov - a pediatrician, resident of the Department of Hospital Pediatrics and Neonatology, Saratov State Medical University named after V.I. Razumovsky (Razumovsky University).</p><p>Bolshaya Kazachya str., 112, Volga Federal District, Saratov 410012</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mishalobanov2016@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5736-9624</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гуменюк</surname><given-names>О. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gumenyuk</surname><given-names>O. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гуменюк Ольга Игоревна - кандидат медицинских наук, доцент, доцент кафедры госпитальной педиатрии и неонатологии.</p><p>410012, Саратов, ул. Большая Казачья, д. 112</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga I. Gumeniuk - Cand. Sc. (Med.), Associate Professor of the Department of Hospital Pediatrics and Neonatology, Saratov State Medical University named after V.I. Razumovsky (Razumovsky University).</p><p>Bolshaya Kazachya str., 112, Volga Federal District, Saratov 410012</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">saroshum@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6896-7563</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Черненков</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chernenkov</surname><given-names>Yu. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Черненков Юрий Валентинович - доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой госпитальной педиатрии и неонатологии.</p><p>410012, Саратов, ул. Большая Казачья, д. 112</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yuri V. Chernenkov - Dr. Sc. (Med.), Professor, Head of the Department of Hospital Pediatrics and Neonatology, Saratov State Medical University named after V.I. Razumovsky (Razumovsky University).</p><p>Bolshaya Kazachya str., 112, Volga Federal District, Saratov 410012</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">chernenkov64@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7511-3240</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Грознова</surname><given-names>О. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Groznova</surname><given-names>O. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Грознова Ольга Сергеевна - доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры инновационной педиатрии и детской хирургии, ФГАОУ ВО «РНИМУ им. Н.И. Пирогова» МЗ РФ; главный научный сотрудник отдела детской кардиологии и аритмологии ОСП «НИКИ педиатрии им. акад. Ю.Е. Вельтищева» ФГАОУ ВО РНИМУ им. Н.И. Пирогова Минздрава России.</p><p>117997, Москва, ул. Островитянова, д. 1а; 125412, Москва, ул. Талдомская, дом 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga S. Groznova - Dr. Sc. (Med.), Leading Researcher of the Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University; chief researcher of the Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Arrhythmology, Veltischev Research and Clinical Institute for Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery of the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University.</p><p>Ostrovitianova Str., 1/6, Moscow 117513; Taldomskaya str., 2, Moscow 125412</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ogroznova@internet.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8621-1782</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Афаунова</surname><given-names>З. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Afaunova</surname><given-names>Z. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Афаунова Залина Гизовна - студентка педиатрического факультета.</p><p>410012, Саратов, ул. Большая Казачья, д. 112</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Zalina G. Afaunova - student of the Pediatric Faculty, Saratov State Medical University named after V.I. Razumovsky (Razumovsky University).</p><p>Bolshaya Kazachya str., 112, Volga Federal District, Saratov 410012</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zalinaafaunova60@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3738-8656</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Полякова</surname><given-names>П. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Polyakova</surname><given-names>P. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Полякова Полина Денисовна - студентка педиатрического факультета.</p><p>410012, Саратов, ул. Большая Казачья, д. 112</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Polina D. Polyakova - student of the Pediatric Faculty, Saratov State Medical University named after V.I. Razumovsky (Razumovsky University).</p><p>Bolshaya Kazachya str., 112, Volga Federal District, Saratov 410012</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zalinaafaunova60@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5550-7297</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Суханова</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sukhanova</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Суханова Мария Александровна - студентка педиатрического факультета.</p><p>410012, Саратов, ул. Большая Казачья, д. 112</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mariya A. Sukhanova - student of the Pediatric Faculty, Saratov State Medical University named after V.I. Razumovsky (Razumovsky University).</p><p>Bolshaya Kazachya str., 112, Volga Federal District, Saratov 410012</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zalinaafaunova60@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0149-3486</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Капьев</surname><given-names>Р. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kapyov</surname><given-names>R. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Капьев Радик Аббясович - студент педиатрического факультета.</p><p>410012, Саратов, ул. Большая Казачья, д. 112</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Radik A. Kapyev - student of the Pediatric Faculty, Saratov State Medical University named after V.I. Razumovsky (Razumovsky University).</p><p>Bolshaya Kazachya str., 112, Volga Federal District, Saratov 410012</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">radikkapjovs@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3717-1168</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шемирзов</surname><given-names>Д. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shemirzov</surname><given-names>D. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шемирзов Динур Нурдинович - студент педиатрического факультета.</p><p>410012, Саратов, ул. Большая Казачья, д. 112</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dinur N. Shemirzov - student of the Pediatric Faculty, Saratov State Medical University named after V.I. Razumovsky (Razumovsky University).</p><p>Bolshaya Kazachya str., 112, Volga Federal District, Saratov 410012</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">radikkapjovs@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8173-828X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шипилова</surname><given-names>Л. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shipilova</surname><given-names>L. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шипилова Любовь Михайловна - кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры госпитальной педиатрии и неонатологии.</p><p>410012, Саратов, ул. Большая Казачья, д. 112</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Lyubov M. Shipilova - Cand. Sc. (Med.), Associate Professor of the Department of Hospital Pediatrics and Neonatology, Saratov State Medical University named after V.I. Razumovsky (Razumovsky University).</p><p>Bolshaya Kazachya str., 112, Volga Federal District, Saratov 410012</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lyubov0506@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Саратовский государственный медицинский университет имени В.И. Разумовского» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saratov State Medical University named after V.I. Razumovsky (Razumovsky University)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. Пирогова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации; ОСП «Научно-исследовательский клинический институт педиатрии им. академика Ю.Е. Вельтищева» ФГАОУ ВО РНИМУ им. Н.И. Пирогова Минздрава России</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University; Veltischev Research and Clinical Institute for Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery of the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>26</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>63</fpage><lpage>72</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Лобанов М.Е., Гуменюк О.И., Черненков Ю.В., Грознова О.С., Афаунова З.Г., Полякова П.Д., Суханова М.А., Капьев Р.А., Шемирзов Д.Н., Шипилова Л.М., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Лобанов М.Е., Гуменюк О.И., Черненков Ю.В., Грознова О.С., Афаунова З.Г., Полякова П.Д., Суханова М.А., Капьев Р.А., Шемирзов Д.Н., Шипилова Л.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Lobanov M.E., Gumenyuk O.I., Chernenkov Y.V., Groznova O.S., Afaunova Z.G., Polyakova P.D., Sukhanova M.A., Kapyov R.A., Shemirzov D.N., Shipilova L.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.actabiomedica.ru/jour/article/view/5907">https://www.actabiomedica.ru/jour/article/view/5907</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Обоснование</title><p>Обоснование. До 40 % пациентов с подозрением на моногенные заболевания не получают окончательного диагноза при использовании панельных и экзомных методов, особенно в случаях компаунд-гетерозиготности, когда один из вариантов остаётся нераспознанным.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования. Изучить молекулярно-генетические и клинические особенности компаунд-гетерозиготных состояний у детей с наследственными заболеваниями и оценить эффективность полногеномного секвенирования (WGS) в их диагностике.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Проспективное обсервационное исследование проведено в 2023-2025 гг. Включены 7 пациентов (до 18 лет) с подозрением на наследственные заболевания, у которых при предыдущих методах выявлялся только один патогенный вариант. Всем пациентам выполнено WGS с последующим биоинформатическим анализом и интерпретацией вариантов по протоколам ACMG-AMP (2015). Медицинское вмешательство не проводилось. Основной исход — верификация компаунд-гетерозиготных мутаций и их фенотипическая интерпретация. Полногеномное секвенирование выполнено при поддержке Благотворительного фонда медико-социальных генетических проектов помощи «Геном жизни».</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. У всех пациентов выявлены компаунд-гетерозиготные мутации (всего 14 вариантов в 7 генах: PAH, GALT, DNAH5, CHRNA3, SLC26A2, LAMA2, IDUA). Ранее не описаны 50 % мутаций. У 5 пациентов выявлены варианты неопределённого клинического значения (VUS), сопровождающиеся характерной клинической картиной. Использование WGS позволило подтвердить диагноз, уточнить генотип, скорректировать тактику наблюдения и повысить диагностическую точность. Нежелательных явлений не зафиксировано.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Полногеномное секвенирование показало высокую диагностическую значимость при компаунд-гетерозиготных состояниях, особенно в случаях, когда стандартные методы не выявляют второй мутации. Выявление ранее неописанных вариантов и VUS, сопряжённых с клиническим фенотипом, подчёркивает необходимость интеграции WGS в рутинную педиатрическую практику.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. Up to 40 % of patients with suspected monogenic disorders remain undiagnosed when using targeted gene panels or exome sequencing, particularly in cases of compound heterozygosity where one pathogenic variant goes undetected.</p></sec><sec><title>The aim</title><p>The aim. To investigate the molecular and clinical features of compound heterozygous conditions in children with suspected inherited diseases and to evaluate the diagnostic utility of whole genome sequencing (WGS).</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. A prospective observational study was conducted between 2023 and 2025. The study included 7 pediatric patients (under 18 years old) with suspected genetic disorders in whom previous genetic testing identified only a single pathogenic variant. All patients underwent WGS followed by bioinformatic analysis and variant interpretation according to ACMG-AMP (2015) guidelines. No medical interventions were performed. The primary endpoint was the identification and phenotypic correlation of compound heterozygous mutations.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Compound heterozygous mutations were identified in all patients, totaling 14 variants across 7 genes (PAH, GALT, DNAH5, CHRNA3, SLC26A2, LAMA2, IDUA). Fifty percent of the variants had not been previously reported. Five patients had variants of uncertain significance (VUS) that followed by syndromic clinical presentations. WGS enabled confirmation of the diagnosis, refinement of the genotypic profile, adjustment of clinical management strategies, and improved diagnostic precision. No adverse events related to diagnostic procedures were observed.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Whole genome sequencing demonstrated high diagnostic value in identifying compound heterozygous mutations, especially in cases where standard methods failed to detect the second variant. The detection of previously unreported mutations and clinically correlated VUS highlights the necessity of integrating WGS into routine pediatric genetic diagnostics.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>компаунд-гетерозиготность</kwd><kwd>полногеномное секвенирование</kwd><kwd>WGS</kwd><kwd>VUS</kwd><kwd>педиатрия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>compound heterozygosity</kwd><kwd>whole genome sequencing</kwd><kwd>WGS</kwd><kwd>VUS</kwd><kwd>pediatrics</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">«Компаунд-гетерозигота» [Электронный ресурс] Генокарта. URL: https://www.genokarta.ru/term/Kompaund-geterozigota. [Date of access: Mar 07, 2025].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kompaund-geterozigota [Electronic resource]. Genokarta. (In Russ.). URL: https://www.genokarta.ru/term/Kompaund-geterozigota. 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