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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">actabiomedica</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Acta Biomedica Scientifica</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Acta Biomedica Scientifica</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2541-9420</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-9596</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific Centre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29413/ABS.2026-11.1.25</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">actabiomedica-5884</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭПИДЕМИОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>EPIDEMIOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Методология интегральной оценки эпидемиологического риска территорий в контексте эволюционной динамики доминирующих генотипов Mycobacterium tuberculosis</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Methodology for integral assessment of territorial epidemiological risk in the context of the evolutionary dynamics of dominant Mycobacterium tuberculosis genotypes</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3396-9590</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Синьков</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sinkov</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Синьков Вячеслав Владимирович - кандидат медицинских наук, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории эпидемиологически и социально-значимых инфекций, Институт эпидемиологии и микробиологии.</p><p>664003, Иркутск, ул. Тимирязева, 16</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Viacheslav V. Sinkov - Cand. Sc. (Med.), Senior Researcher at the Laboratory of epidemiologically and socially significant infections, Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Scientific Center for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems.</p><p>Timiryazev Str., 16, Irkutsk, 664003</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vsinkov@xmail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7160-9700</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жданова</surname><given-names>С. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhdanova</surname><given-names>S. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Жданова Светлана Николаевна - доктор медицинских наук, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории эпидемиологически и социально-значимых инфекций, Институт эпидемиологии и микробиологии.</p><p>664003, Иркутск, ул. Тимирязева, 16</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Svetlana N. Zhdanova - Dr. Sc. (Med.), Leading Researcher at the Laboratory of epidemiologically and socially significant infections, Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Scientific Center for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems.</p><p>Timiryazev Str., 16, Irkutsk, 664003</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">svetnii@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9217-6876</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Савилов</surname><given-names>Е. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Savilov</surname><given-names>E. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Савилов Евгений Дмитриевич - доктор медицинских наук, главный научный сотрудник лаборатории эпидемиологически и социально значимых инфекций, Институт эпидемиологии и микробиологии.</p><p>664003, Иркутск, ул. Тимирязева, 16</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgeny D. Savilov - Dr. Sc. (Med.), Chief Researcher at the Laboratory of epidemiologically and socially significant infections, Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Scientific Center for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems.</p><p>Timiryazev Str., 16, Irkutsk, 664003</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">savilov47@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3168-1983</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Огарков</surname><given-names>О. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ogarkov</surname><given-names>O. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Огарков Олег Борисович - доктор медицинских наук, директор Института эпидемиологии и микробиологии.</p><p>664003, Иркутск, ул. Тимирязева, 16</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Oleg B. Ogarkov - Dr. Sc. (Med.), Director of the Institute of epidemiology and microbiology, Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Scientific Center for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems.</p><p>Timiryazev Str., 16, Irkutsk, 664003</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">obogarkov@sbamsr.irk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Научный центр проблем здоровья семьи и репродукции человека»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Scientific Center for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>26</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>257</fpage><lpage>269</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Синьков В.В., Жданова С.Н., Савилов Е.Д., Огарков О.Б., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Синьков В.В., Жданова С.Н., Савилов Е.Д., Огарков О.Б.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sinkov V.V., Zhdanova S.N., Savilov E.D., Ogarkov O.B.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.actabiomedica.ru/jour/article/view/5884">https://www.actabiomedica.ru/jour/article/view/5884</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Обоснование</title><p>Обоснование. Существующие методы микробиологического мониторинга туберкулеза ограничены ретроспективным анализом и не учитывают динамику генетической структуры популяции патогена. Отсутствие инструментов, интегрирующих молекулярно-генетические показатели в количественные модели, препятствует переходу к предиктивному риск-ориентированному надзору.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования. Разработать и обосновать методологию применения интегрального показателя эпидемиологического риска территории в системе геномного эпидемиологического надзора за туберкулезом с множественной и широкой лекарственной устойчивостью в регионах Российской Федерации для изучения динамики эпидемического процесса и прогнозирования его неблагоприятных тенденций.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Архитектура индекса базируется на консолидации региональной статистики и комплекса генотипических детерминант: коэффициентов априорной опасности генетических линий, частоты их распространения и уровня лекарственной устойчивости. Для определения статистических порогов эпидемической значимости генотипов использовано имитационное моделирование методом Монте-Карло (100 000 итераций). Шкалирование уровней риска проведено на основе квартильного анализа те-оретического распределения (10 000 итераций). Апробация инструмента выполнена на данных четырех субъектов Российской Федерации.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. В ходе моделирования определен критический порог коэффициента экспансии (2,15; p &lt; 0,001), позволяющий математически обоснованно идентифицировать эпидемически значимые генотипы. Квартильный анализ обеспечил объективную классификацию территорий по уровню угрозы дестабилизации ситуации. Высокое значение коэффициента детерминации (R^2 = 0,874) подтверждает, что структура популяции возбудителя является определяющим фактором регионального эпидемиологического неблагополучия.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Разработанный индекс отвечает вызовам современной эпидемиологии, позволяя выявлять скрытую экспансию агрессивных генотипов до их отражения в стандартной отчетности. Инструмент применим как в рамках мониторинга методом полимеразной цепной реакции, так и в системах полногеномного секвенирования, что делает его универсальной платформой для государственного санитарно-эпидемиологического контроля.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. Current tuberculosis monitoring methods rely on retrospective analysis and fail to account for the dynamics of the pathogen population's genetic structure. The lack of analytical tools capable of integrating molecular genetic indicators into quantitative risk models prevents a transition toward predictive, risk-based surveillance.</p></sec><sec><title>The aim</title><p>The aim. To develop and justify a methodology for applying the territorial epidemiological risk index within the genomic surveillance system for multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis in regions of the Russian Federation to investigate the dynamics of the epidemic process and forecast adverse trends.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and Methods</title><p>Materials and Methods. The index architecture is based on the consolidation of regional statistics and a complex of genotypic determinants: lineage-specific hazard weights, population frequencies, and drug resistance levels. Monte Carlo simulation (100,000 iterations) was employed to determine statistical thresholds for the epidemic significance of genotypes. Risk level scaling was performed through quartile analysis of the theoretical distribution (10,000 iterations). The tool was validated using data from four constituent entities of the Russian Federation with contrasting pathogen population structures.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Stochastic modeling established a critical expansion threshold of 2.15 (p &lt; 0.001), enabling mathematically sound identification of epidemically significant genotypes. Quartile analysis facilitated an objective classification of territories based on the threat of situational destabilization. A high coefficient of determination (R^2 = 0.874) confirms that the pathogen population structure is a decisive factor in regional epidemiological distress.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The developed index addresses modern epidemiological challenges by enabling the detection of cryptic expansion of aggressive genotypes before they are reflected in standard reporting forms. The tool is applicable within both polymerase chain reaction monitoring programs and whole-genome sequencing systems, serving as a universal platform for state sanitary and epidemiological control.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</kwd><kwd>эпидемиологический надзор</kwd><kwd>генотип</kwd><kwd>множественная лекарственная устойчивость</kwd><kwd>математическое моделирование</kwd><kwd>факторы риска</kwd><kwd>прогнозирование</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</kwd><kwd>Epidemiological Monitoring</kwd><kwd>Genotype</kwd><kwd>Tuberculosis</kwd><kwd>Multidrug-Resistant</kwd><kwd>Models</kwd><kwd>Theoretical</kwd><kwd>Risk Factors</kwd><kwd>Forecasting</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках Государственной темы. № ЕГИСУ: 126020216227-3</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">WHO. 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