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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">actabiomedica</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Acta Biomedica Scientifica</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Acta Biomedica Scientifica</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2541-9420</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-9596</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific Centre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29413/ABS.2026-11.1.2</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">actabiomedica-5878</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ДИСКУССИОННЫЕ СТАТЬИ, ЛЕКЦИИ, НОВЫЕ ТРЕНДЫ МЕДИЦИНСКОЙ НАУКИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>DISCUSSION PAPERS, LECTURES, NEW TRENDS IN MEDICAL SCIENCE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Прионные болезни: современные представления о патогенезе, диагностике и терапии (нарративный обзор)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Prion diseases: current understanding of pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment (narrative review)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7352-3553</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Детков</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Detkov</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Детков Александр Сергеевич – клинический ординатор 2 года обучения кафедры семейной медицины и внутренних болезней.</p><p>163000, Архангельск, пр. Троицкий, д. 51</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksandr S. Detkov – 2nd year Clinical Resident at the Department of Family Medicine and Internal Diseases, Northern State Medical University.</p><p>Troitsky Ave., 51, Arkhangelsk 163000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">detkov.psy@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1183-0571</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Павлутин</surname><given-names>К. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pavlutin</surname><given-names>K. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Павлутин Константин Александрович – клинический ординатор 2 года обучения кафедры семейной медицины и внутренних болезней.</p><p>163000, Архангельск, пр. Троицкий, д. 51</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Konstantin A. Pavlutin – 2nd year Clinical Resident at the Department of Family Medicine and Internal Diseases, Northern State Medical University.</p><p>Troitsky Ave., 51, Arkhangelsk 163000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pavlutin2016@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6523-7071</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Черных</surname><given-names>Е. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chernykh</surname><given-names>E. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Черных Екатерина Михайловна – аспирант кафедры семейной медицины и внутренних болезней.</p><p>163000, Архангельск, пр. Троицкий, д. 51</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina M. Chernykh – graduate student of the Department of Family Medicine and Internal Diseases, Northern State Medical University.</p><p>Troitsky Ave., 51, Arkhangelsk 163000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">raduga0302@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0729-3726</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хасанова</surname><given-names>Н. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khasanova</surname><given-names>N. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Хасанова Нина Минувалиевна – кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры семейной медицины и внутренних болезней.</p><p>163000, Архангельск, пр. Троицкий, д. 51</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nina M. Khasanova – Cand. Sc. (Med.), Associate Professor at the Department of Family Medicine and Internal Diseases, Northern State Medical University.</p><p>Troitsky Ave., 51, Arkhangelsk 163000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">khasanovanina@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5464-0498</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гржибовский</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Grjibovski</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гржибовский Андрей Мечиславович – доктор медицины, советник ректора по научной и инновационной работе Частное учреждение образовательная организация высшего образования «Университет "Реавиз"» (ЧУОО ВО Университет «Реавиз); профессор кафедры организации здравоохранения и профилактической медицины, СВФУ им. М.К. Аммосова.</p><p>198095 г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Калинина, д. 8, корп. 2; 677000, Якутск, ул. Ойунского, 27.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrej M. Grjibovski – Dr. Sc. (Med.), Head of the Directorate for Research and Innovations, Northern State Medical University; Professor at the Department of biology, ecology and biotechnology, Northern (Arctic) Federal University; Professor at the Department of Healthcare organization and preventive medicine, North-Eastern Federal University.</p><p>Troitsky Ave., 51, Arkhangelsk 163000; Northern Dvina Emb., 17, Arkhangelsk 163002; Oyunsky St., 27, Yakutsk 677000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">a.grjibovski@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Северный государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Northern State Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Северный государственный медицинский университет; Северный (Арктический) федеральный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова; Северо-Восточный федеральный университет им. М.К. Аммосова</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Northern State Medical University; M.V. Lomonosov Northern (Arctic) Federal University; M. K. Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>26</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>12</fpage><lpage>26</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Детков А.С., Павлутин К.А., Черных Е.М., Хасанова Н.М., Гржибовский А.М., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Детков А.С., Павлутин К.А., Черных Е.М., Хасанова Н.М., Гржибовский А.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Detkov A.S., Pavlutin K.A., Chernykh E.M., Khasanova N.M., Grjibovski A.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.actabiomedica.ru/jour/article/view/5878">https://www.actabiomedica.ru/jour/article/view/5878</self-uri><abstract><p>Прионные болезни (ПБ) представляют собой группу редких, но смертельных нейродегенеративных заболеваний, вызванных конформационной трансформацией нормального прионного белка в патологическую изоформу. Несмотря на низкую заболеваемость, ПБ остаются серьезной медико-социальной проблемой из-за отсутствия эффективных методов лечения и риска ятрогенной передачи.</p><p>Целью обзора является выявление ключевых нерешенных проблем в изучении прионных заболеваний, включая молекулярные механизмы патогенеза, возможности ранней диагностики и перспективные направления терапии, а также определение наиболее актуальных направлений для будущих исследований. Проведен систематический поиск литературы в базах данных PubMed, Google Scholar, eLibrary и CyberLeninka за период с 2016 по 2025 год. Отобраны 53 релевантных публикации, включая оригинальные исследования, обзоры и клинические случаи. Анализ выполнен в соответствии с рекомендациями CINAR и критериями SANRA.</p><p>Установлено, что современные методы диагностики (RT-QuIC, DWI-MРТ) значительно улучшили выявляемость ПБ, однако их внедрение ограничено высокой стоимостью и необходимостью специализированной подготовки. В терапии наиболее перспективными направлениями являются моноклональные антитела (PRN100), антисмысловые олигонуклеотиды и CRISPR/Cas9. Эпидемиологические данные подтверждают снижение случаев вариантной формы болезни Крейтцфельдта – Якоба благодаря мерам биобезопасности, но сохраняются риски, связанные с длительным инкубационным периодом.</p><p>Для улучшения диагностики и лечения ПБ необходимо создание национального регистра, развитие лабораторной сети, обучение специалистов и усиление мер биобезопасности. Перспективы исследований связаны с комбинированными терапевтическими подходами и углубленным изучением молекулярных механизмов заболевания.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Prion diseases (PD) represent a group of rare yet fatal neurodegenerative disorders caused by the conformational transformation of the cellular prion protein into its pathological isoform. Despite their low incidence, these diseases remain a significant medical and social challenge due to the lack of effective treatments and the risk of iatrogenic transmission.</p><p>Purpose of the review was to identify key unresolved issues in PD research, including molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis, opportunities for early diagnosis, and promising therapeutic approaches, as well as to outline the most critical directions for future studies.</p><p>A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Google Scholar, eLibrary, and CyberLeninka databases for the period 2016–2025. Fifty-one relevant publications were selected, comprising original studies, reviews, and clinical cases. The analysis was performed in accordance with CINAR guidelines and SANRA criteria.</p><p>Modern diagnostic techniques (RT-QuIC, DWI-MRI) have significantly improved the detection of PD, though their widespread implementation is hindered by high costs and the need for specialized expertise. The most promising therapeutic strategies include monoclonal antibodies (PRN100), antisense oligonucleotides, and CRISPR/Cas9 technology. Epidemiological data confirm a decline in variant Creutzfeldt – Jakob disease (vCJD) cases due to enhanced biosafety measures, though risks associated with prolonged incubation periods persist.</p><p>To enhance the diagnosis and treatment of PD, it is essential to establish a national registry, expand laboratory networks, train specialists, and strengthen biosafety protocols. Future research should focus on combined therapeutic strategies and in-depth exploration of the molecular mechanisms underlying these disorders.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>прионные болезни</kwd><kwd>болезнь Крейтцфельдта – Якоба</kwd><kwd>патологическая конформация белка</kwd><kwd>биомаркеры</kwd><kwd>эпигенетическая регуляция</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>prion diseases</kwd><kwd>Creutzfeldt – Jakob syndrome</kwd><kwd>protein misfolding</kwd><kwd>biomarkers</kwd><kwd>epigenetic regulation</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Uttley L, Carroll C, Wong R, Hilton DA, Stevenson M. Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: a systematic review of global incidence, prevalence, infectivity, and incubation. 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