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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">actabiomedica</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Acta Biomedica Scientifica</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Acta Biomedica Scientifica</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2541-9420</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-9596</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific Centre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29413/ABS.2025-10.6.24</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">actabiomedica-5756</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCHES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Сравнительный анализ экспрессии гена TRPM8 и маркеров ХОБЛ в легких крыс при интоксикации сигаретным дымом и табачным аэрозолем</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Comparative analysis of TRPM8 gene and COPD markers expression in rat lungs following exposure to cigarette smoke and tobacco aerosol</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6655-1049</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тимкин</surname><given-names>П. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Timkin</surname><given-names>P. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Тимкин Павел Дмитриевич – аспирант  кафедры химии</p><p>675001, Амурская обл., г. Благовещенск, ул. Горького, 101</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pavel D. Timkin – 2nd year postgraduate student, Department of Chemistry </p><p>Gorkogo St., 101, Amur region, Blagoveshchensk 675001</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">timkin.pasha@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3676-9199</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Киселёв</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kiselev</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Киселёв Максим Андреевич – студент 6-го курса, лечебного дело </p><p>675001, Амурская обл., г. Благовещенск, ул. Горького, 101</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maxim A. Kiselev – 6th year student </p><p>Gorkogo St., 101, Amur region, Blagoveshchensk 675001</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">maksim.kiselyov.01@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2342-3165</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шаповалова</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shapovalova</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шаповалова Дарья Андреевна – студент 3-го курса лечебного дела </p><p>675001, Амурская обл., г. Благовещенск, ул. Горького, 101</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Daria A. Shapovalova – 3rd year student </p><p>Gorkogo St., 101, Amur region, Blagoveshchensk 675001</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dashken.666@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3921-8755</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Наумов</surname><given-names>Д. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Naumov</surname><given-names>D. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Наумов Денис Евгеньевич – кандидат медицинских наук, заведующий лабораторией молекулярных и трансляционных исследований </p><p>675011, Амурская обл., г. Благовещенск, ул. Калинина, 22</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Denis E. Naumov – Cand. Sc. (Med.), Head of Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Research</p><p>Kalinina St., 22, Amur region, Blagoveshchensk 675011</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">denn1985@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9734-8464</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Линская</surname><given-names>П. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Linskaya</surname><given-names>P. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Линская Полина Михайловна – студент 3-го курса лечебного дела</p><p>675001, Амурская обл., г. Благовещенск, ул. Горького, 101</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Polina M. Linskaya – 3rd year student</p><p>Gorkogo St., 101, Amur region, Blagoveshchensk 675001</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">elduspaladium@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0983-4541</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бородин</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Borodin</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бородин Евгений Александрович – доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий кафедры химии </p><p>675001, Амурская обл., г. Благовещенск, ул. Горького, 101</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgeny A. Borodin – Dr. Sc. (Med.), Professor, Head of the Department of Chemistry </p><p>Gorkogo St., 101, Amur region, Blagoveshchensk 675001</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">borodin.eugene54@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Амурская государственная медицинская академия» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Amur State Medical Academy of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Дальневосточный научный центр физиологии и патологии дыхания»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Far Eastern Scientific Center for Physiology and Pathology of Respiration</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>10</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>225</fpage><lpage>237</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Тимкин П.Д., Киселёв М.А., Шаповалова Д.А., Наумов Д.Е., Линская П.М., Бородин Е.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Тимкин П.Д., Киселёв М.А., Шаповалова Д.А., Наумов Д.Е., Линская П.М., Бородин Е.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Timkin P.D., Kiselev M.A., Shapovalova D.A., Naumov D.E., Linskaya P.M., Borodin E.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.actabiomedica.ru/jour/article/view/5756">https://www.actabiomedica.ru/jour/article/view/5756</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Обоснование</title><p>Обоснование. Хроническая обструктивная болезнь легких (ХОБЛ) остается глобальной медико-социальной проблемой. Известно, что ионный канал TRPM8, являющийся рецептором холода, вовлечен в патогенез заболевания. Однако существующие экспериментальные модели ХОБЛ часто не включают верификацию изменений его экспрессии.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Смоделировать ХОБЛ-подобные изменения у крыс при ингаляционном воздействии сигаретного дыма и табачного аэрозоля, комплексно оценив морфологические изменения в легочной ткани и уровень экспрессии гена TRPM8, а также ключевых генов-маркеров ХОБЛ.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Самцов крыс линии Wistar разделили на контрольную и две экспериментальные группы (n = 30). Ежедневно в течение 42 дней проводили ингаляционное воздействие: на первую группу — сигаретным дымом (СД), на вторую — табачным аэрозолем (ТА). На 42-й день выполняли гистологический анализ легких и оценку экспрессии маркерных генов ХОБЛ (CCR3, CCL13, COL4A2, IL2RA, VWF) и TRPM8 методом ОТ-ПЦР.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Воздействие СД вызывало значительные морфологические изменения: склероз (73,3 % животных), инфильтрат (100 %), эмфизема (56,7 %) и гиперплазия бокаловидных клеток (90 %) против контроля (p &lt; 0,001). ТА приводил к менее выраженным изменениям, а эмфизема отсутствовала. В группе СД отмечали достоверное повышение экспрессии: COL4A2 в 63,5 раза, IL2RA в 7,9 раза, CCL13 в 4,7 раза и TRPM8 в 2,2 раза. В группе ТА экспрессия также значимо увеличилась: COL4A2 в 9,6 раза, IL2RA в 3,0 раза, CCL13 в 7,0 раза и TRPM8 в 2,6 раза. СД вызывал более сильную экспрессию COL4A2 и IL2RA, чем ТА. </p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Модель с 42-дневным воздействием СД наиболее адекватно воспроизводит ХОБЛ-подобный фенотип. Важно, что обе использованные экспериментальные модели вызывают значимое увеличение транскрипции гена холодовых рецепторов TRPM8, что подтверждает его роль в патогенезе и открывает новые мишени для терапии.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) remains a global medical and social problem. The ion channel TRPM8, a cold receptor, is known to be involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. However, existing experimental COPD models often exclude verification of changes in its expression.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective. To model COPD-like changes in rats exposed to cigarette smoke and tobacco aerosol, with a comprehensive assessment of morphological changes in lung tissue and the expression level of the TRPM8 gene, as well as key COPD marker genes.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. Male Wistar rats were divided into one control and two experimental groups (n = 30). For 42 days, the first experimental group was subjected to daily inhalation exposure to cigarette smoke (CS), and the second group to tobacco aerosol (TA). On day 42, histological analysis of the lungs and assessment of the expression of COPD marker genes (CCR3, CCL13, COL4A2, IL2RA, VWF) and TRPM8 were performed using RT-PCR.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. CS exposure caused significant morphological changes: sclerosis (73.3 % of animals), infiltrate (100 %), emphysema (56.7 %), and goblet cell hyperplasia (90 %) compared to control (p &lt; 0.001). TA led to less pronounced changes, and emphysema was absent. In the CS group, a significant increase in expression was observed: COL4A2 by 63.5-fold, IL2RA by 7.9-fold, CCL13 by 4.7-fold, and TRPM8 by 2.2-fold. In the TA group, expression also increased significantly: COL4A2 by 9.6-fold, IL2RA by 3.0-fold, CCL13 by 7.0-fold, and TRPM8 by 2.6-fold. CS induced a stronger expression of COL4A2 and IL2RA compared to TA.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The model with 42-day CS exposure most adequately reproduces the COPD-like phenotype. Importantly, both experimental models caused a significant increase in the transcription of the cold receptor gene TRPM8, confirming its role in the pathogenesis and revealing new targets for therapy.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ХОБЛ</kwd><kwd>TRPM8</kwd><kwd>CCR3</kwd><kwd>CCL13</kwd><kwd>COL4A2</kwd><kwd>IL2RA</kwd><kwd>VWF</kwd><kwd>дифференциальная экспрессия генов</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>COPD</kwd><kwd>TRPM8</kwd><kwd>CCR3</kwd><kwd>CCL13</kwd><kwd>COL4A2</kwd><kwd>IL2RA</kwd><kwd>VWF</kwd><kwd>differential gene expression</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Behrendt HJ, Germann T, Gillen C, Hatt H, Jostock R. Characterization of the mouse cold-menthol receptor TRPM8 and vanilloid receptor type-1 VR1 using a fluorometric imaging plate reader (FLIPR) assay. Br. J. 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