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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">actabiomedica</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Acta Biomedica Scientifica</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Acta Biomedica Scientifica</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2541-9420</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-9596</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific Centre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29413/ABS.2025-10.6.11</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">actabiomedica-5742</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>НЕВРОЛОГИЯ И НЕЙРОХИРУРГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>NEUROLOGY AND NEUROSURGERY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Патогенез дегенеративной шейной миелопатии: от биомеханики к молекулярным механизмам</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Degenerative cervical spinal stenosis: biomechanical and molecular foundations of cervical myelopathy pathogenesis</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0396-2165</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шевелев</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shevelev</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шевелев Алексей Андреевич – аспирант </p><p>664003, г. Иркутск, ул. Борцов Революции, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksei A. Shevelev – Postgraduate </p><p>Borstsov Revolutsii Str., 1, Irkutsk 664003</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shevelev97@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9008-6383</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сороковиков</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sorokovikov</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сороковиков Владимир Алексеевич – доктор медицинских наук, профессор, директор ФГБНУ «Иркутский научный центр хирургии и травматологии»; заведующий кафедрой травматологии, ортопедии и нейрохирургии Иркутской государственной медицинской академии последипломного образования – филиал ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» </p><p>664003, г. Иркутск, ул. Борцов Революции, 1;664049, г. Иркутск, Юбилейный, 100</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir A. Sorokovikov – Dr. Sc. (Med.), Professor, Director of the Irkutsk Scientific Center of Surgery and Traumatology, Head of the Department of Traumatology, Orthopedy and Neurosurgery, Irkutsk State Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education – Branch Campus of the Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education </p><p>Borstsov Revolutsii Str., 1, Irkutsk 664003; Yubileyny District, 100, Irkutsk 664049</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vasorokovikov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9189-3323</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ларионов</surname><given-names>С. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Larionov</surname><given-names>S. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ларионов Сергей Николаевич – доктор медицинских наук, ведущий научный сотрудник, заведующий научно-клинического отдела нейрохирургии</p><p>664003, г. Иркутск, ул. Борцов Революции, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey N. Larionov – Dr. Sc. (Med.), Leading Researcher; Head of the Scientific and Clinical Department of Neurosurgery </p><p>Borstsov Revolutsii Str., 1, Irkutsk 664003</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">snlar@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4032-8575</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Животенко</surname><given-names>А. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhivotenko</surname><given-names>A. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Животенко Александр Петрович – младший научный сотрудник научно-клинического отдела нейрохирургии </p><p>664003, г. Иркутск, ул. Борцов Революции, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksandr P. Zhivotenko – Research Officer at the Research Clinical Department of Neurosurgery</p><p>Borstsov Revolutsii Str., 1, Irkutsk 664003</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sivotenko1976@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Иркутский научный центр хирургии и травматологии»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Irkutsk Scientific Centre of Surgery and Traumatology</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Иркутский научный центр хирургии и травматологии»; &#13;
Иркутская государственная медицинская академия последипломного образования – филиал ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Минздрава России</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Irkutsk Scientific Centre of Surgery and Traumatology; &#13;
Irkutsk State Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education – Branch Campus of the Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>10</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>102</fpage><lpage>111</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Шевелев А.А., Сороковиков В.А., Ларионов С.Н., Животенко А.П., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шевелев А.А., Сороковиков В.А., Ларионов С.Н., Животенко А.П.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shevelev A.A., Sorokovikov V.A., Larionov S.N., Zhivotenko A.P.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.actabiomedica.ru/jour/article/view/5742">https://www.actabiomedica.ru/jour/article/view/5742</self-uri><abstract><p>Дегенеративный стеноз шейного отдела позвоночника, сопровождающийся шейной миелопатией, является ведущей причиной дисфункции спинного мозга у взрослых. Современные представления о патогенезе заболевания, объединяющем биомеханические, сосудистые и молекулярные механизмы, подчеркивают многофакторный характер его этиологии. Хроническая компрессия спинного мозга, вызванная остеофитами, гипертрофированными связками и грыжами межпозвонковых дисков, сочетается с динамическими нагрузками, приводя к ишемии, нарушению целостности гемато-спинномозгового барьера (ГСМБ) и нейровоспалению. Ключевым звеном патогенеза выступает хроническая гипоперфузия, усугубляемая эксайтотоксичностью и активацией матриксных металлопротеиназ (MMP-9, MMP-2), разрушающих сосудистую базальную мембрану. Нарушение барьера способствует инфильтрации иммунных клеток, выбросу провоспалительных цитокинов (TNF-α, IL-1β) и активации микроглии через сигнальный путь CX3CL1-CX3CR1. Эти процессы запускают апоптоз нейронов и олигодендроцитов, приводя к демиелинизации и атрофии спинного мозга. Особое внимание уделено изучению роли процессов ацетилирования (экспрессия генов NAT1, NAT2, AANAT, NAA20) в развитии оссификации Ligamentum flavum, и значению генетических факторов и гендерных различий. Обзор акцентирует внимание на нерешенных вопросах: вариабельность клинических проявлений, роль метаболических и иммунных факторов, а также необходимость разработки нейропротективных стратегий. Обзор литературы был проведен с использованием баз данных PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar и Cochrane Library за период с 2010 по 2024 гг. Поисковые термины включали: стеноз шейного отдела позвоночника, спондилогенная миелопатия, патогенез шейной миелопатии. При написании работы приоритет отдавался клиническим/доклиническим исследованиям и метаанализам, изучающим патофизиологию и терапевтические инновации. Данные анализировались тематически. Цель исследования – проанализировать и обобщить существующие знания о патогенезе дегенеративной шейной миелопатии.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Degenerative cervical spinal stenosis, accompanied by cervical myelopathy, represents a leading cause of spinal cord dysfunction in adults. Contemporary insights into the pathogenesis of this condition, which integrates biomechanical, vascular, and molecular mechanisms, highlight its multifactorial etiology. Chronic spinal cord compression, driven by osteophytes, hypertrophic ligaments, and disc herniations, synergizes withdynamicmechanicalstresses, culminatinginischemia, disruption of the blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB), and neuroinflammation. Central to the pathogenesis is chronic hypoperfusion, exacerbated by excitotoxicity and activation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-9, MMP-2), which degrade the vascular basement membrane. BSCB breakdown facilitates immune cell infiltration, release of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β), and microglial activation via the CX3CL1-CX3CR1 signaling axis. These processes trigger apoptosis of neurons and oligodendrocytes, leading to demyelination and spinal cord atrophy. Special emphasis is placed on the role of acetylation processes (involving NAT1, NAT2, AANAT, and NAA20 gene expression) in Ligamentum flavum ossification, underscoring the influence of genetic factors and gender disparities. This review addresses unresolved questions, including variability in clinical manifestations, the contribution of metabolic and immune dysregulation, and the urgent need for neuroprotective strategies. The integration of these innovations may bridge current knowledge gaps and improve outcomes for patients with degenerative cervical myelopathy. A systematic literature review (2010–2024) was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar and Cochrane Library. Search terms included degenerative cervical myelopathy, spinal stenosis, BSCB disruption, neuroinflammation and acetylation mechanisms. Inclusion criteria prioritized clinical/preclinical studies and meta-analyses exploring pathophysiology and therapeutic innovations. Data were analyzed thematically. The aim of the study is to analyze and synthesize existing knowledge on the pathogenesis of degenerative cervical myelopathy.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>стеноз шейного отдела позвоночника</kwd><kwd>спондилогенная миелопатия</kwd><kwd>патогенез шейной миелопатии</kwd><kwd>нейровоспаление</kwd><kwd>ацетилирование генов</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cervical spinal stenosis</kwd><kwd>cervical spondylotic myelopathy</kwd><kwd>pathogenesis of cervical myelopathy</kwd><kwd>neuroinflammation</kwd><kwd>gene acetylation</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Goacher E, Phillips R, Mowforth OD, et al. Hospitalisation for degenerative cervical myelopathy in England: insights from the National Health Service Hospital Episode Statistics 2012 to 2019. 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